“Luis Antonio Tagle”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Luis Antonio "Chito" Gokim Tagle ({{IPA-tl|lʊˈwis ɐnˈtonɪo 'taɡlɛ|lang}}; born June 21, 1957)^[1] is the 32nd Archbishop of Manila. He has been Archbishop since December 12, 2011, and a cardinal since November 24, 2012. He also serves as President of Caritas International, a federation of Catholic relief, development, and social service organizations, and of the Catholic Biblical Federation.

Tagle has become involved in many social issues in the Philippines with emphasis on helping the poor while maintaining opposition against what he terms "practical atheism",^[2] abortion,^[3] and contraception (equated with abortion in the Philippines).^[4]

Dubbed as the "Asian Francis",^[5] Tagle is often characterized as a representative of the Church's progressive wing.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] He has criticized the Catholic Church for using "harsh words" to describe LGBT and divorced and remarried Catholics.^[11] He is also a proponent of allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion on a case-by-case basis.^[12] He generally prefers to be called by his nickname rather than by his clerical title.^[13]

Aside from his native Filipino (Tagalog), he also speaks English and is fluent in Italian. He is also proficient in reading Spanish, French and Latin.^[14]

Early life and studies

Tagle was born on June 21, 1957, the eldest child of devout Catholic parents, Manuel Topacio Tagle, an ethnic Tagalog and his Chinese Filipino wife, Milagros Gokim, who previously worked for Equitable PCI Bank.

Tagle's paternal grandfather, Florencio, came from Imus, Cavite; the Tagle family were from the Hispanic, lowland Christian aristocracy known as the Principalía, which were the elite prior to the 1896 Philippine Revolution.^[15] Florencio was injured by a bomb explosion during the Second World War; Tagle's grandmother made a living by running a local diner.

After attending elementary and high school at Saint Andrew's School in Parañaque, he was influenced by priest friends to enter the Jesuit San José Seminary, which sent him for studies at the Jesuit Ateneo de Manila University.

Tagle earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in pre-divinity from Ateneo in 1977 and then a Master of Arts in theology at its Loyola School of Theology.^[16] Tagle earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology at the Catholic University of America from 1987 to 1991. He wrote his dissertation under the direction of Joseph A. Komonchak on "Episcopal Collegiality in the Teaching and Practice of Paul VI".^[17] Tagle also attended doctrinal courses at the Institute of Pope Paul VI University.^[18] In Komonchak's estimation, Tagle was "one of the best students I had in over 40 years of teaching" and "could have become the best theologian in the Philippines, or even in all of Asia" had he not been appointed bishop.^[19] Tagle has received honorary degrees from Catholic Theological Union ^[20] and La Salle University.^[21]

Priesthood

Tagle was ordained in the Diocese of Imus on February 27, 1982. After ordination, he held the following positions: associate pastor of San Agustín Parish – Méndez-Núñez, Cavite (1982–1984), spiritual director (1982–1983) and later rector (1983–1985) of the diocesan seminary of Imus. After studies in the United States from 1985 to 1992, he returned to Imus and was Episcopal Vicar for Religious (1993–1995) and parish priest and rector (1998–2001) of Nuestra Señora del Pilar Cathedral-Parish. He also taught theology at San Carlos Seminary (1982-1985) and Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay, Cavite.^[22]

Bishop of Imus

In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus.^[23] During his ten years in Imus, he made a point of living simply, owned no car, and invited the destitute to join him for a meal.^[13] At the first gathering of bishops under Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, he spoke from the floor about the inadequacy of the number of priests in the Philippines.^[24] He said:^[25]{{quote|To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion.... The faithful know the difference between a bible service and Eucharist, a priest and a lay minister. Many communities wait for the gift of the priesthood and the Eucharist with humility.}}

To the concept that priestly vocation are a gift from God he countered: "we should also ask whether the Church is a good steward of the gift." He told a news conference that "The first Sunday after my ordination as a priest, I said nine Masses, and that is regular in the Philippines."^[26] Discussing priestly celibacy, Cardinal Angelo Scola, the synod moderator, expressed reservations about modifications to the Church's requirement of celibacy for the priesthood. In response, Tagle suggested that the Church should consider such a change to combat the shortage of priests.^[27]^[28]^[32]

At the 2008 International Eucharistic Congress in Quebec, Canada, he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears.^[19] He contrasted Christian worship with false forms of adoration:^[29]

Archbishop of Manila

Pope Benedict XVI appointed Tagle the 32nd Archbishop of Manila on October 13, 2011, to succeed Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales.^[30]^[31] According to Father Catalino Arévalo, SJ, the first Asian member of the Vatican's International Theological Commission, Tagle's appointment was promoted by the Papal Nuncio to the Philippines Edward Joseph Adams and by Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales, but some objections were submitted to the Congregation for Bishops, which caused some delay in processing his appointment.^[32] Prior to his installation, Tagle made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in October 2011.^[33] He was installed as Archbishop on December 12, 2011, the feast day of Our Lady of Guadalupe and the tenth anniversary of his episcopal consecration. He received the pallium, the symbol of his authority as a metropolitan archbishop, from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2012, in Rome.

In February 2012, Tagle attended the Symposium for Healing and Renewal at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. Tagle discussed the way the sex-abuse crisis manifests itself in Asia, where it is more common for priests to violate their vows of celibacy by taking mistresses than to engage in the sexual abuse of minors.^[34]^[35] Tagle maintained that the deference to authority typical of Asian culture combined with the dominance of the Catholic Church in a country like the Philippines produced a "culture of shame" that continued to inhibit the reporting of instances of abuse. He said that culture needed to change though he anticipated great difficulties:^[36]

He said the fact his country had a "touching culture" that created problems of interpretation and mandatory reporting laws would face cultural hurdles as well.

On June 12, 2012, Tagle was appointed a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education for a five-year renewable term.^[37] That same day, Tagle spoke at the 50th International Eucharistic Congress in Dublin, Ireland. He discussed how the sexual abuse crisis requires the Church to reevaluate its relationship with the media. He said: "As we challenge them to be fair and truthful in whatever they are reporting, the Church should also be prepared to be scrutinised by media, provided the norms of fairness and truthfulness are applied to all, especially the victims." He decried the tendency of Church officials to resent negative media coverage even when accurate, while noting he had witnessed some media coverage in Asia that is tainted by "an anti-Christian sentiment."^[38] He also mentioned the various issues which distinguish the experience of the Church in Ireland and similar cases in Asia.^[39]^[40]

On August 4, 2012, Tagle delivered a speech at a prayer rally against the Reproductive Health Bill, which included provisions for the funding and distribution of birth control information and devices; contraception is customarily considered abortion in the Philippines.^[4] He advocated for the recognition of women's rights by recognizing their valued role as mothers and wives, deserving of genuine love and respect as reflections of God and a gift to mankind.^[41]^[42] Tagle also denounced sexual prostitution as an affront to women's femininity. He took a more moderate stance on the legislation than other Philippine bishops, refusing to threaten politicians who supported the legislation with excommunication or to have posters criticizing its supporters as "Team Death" distributed in Manila's parishes.^[13]

Benedict XVI named Tagle as one of the Synod Fathers for the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelisation on September 18, 2012.^[43] In his intervention at that synod, he outlined how he believed the Church should approach the process of evangelization. He said:^[44]

In an interview with Vatican Radio, he explained how his view reflected the experience of Asian and Philippine culture:^[45]

Cardinal

Pope Benedict XVI announced he was naming Archbishop Tagle to the College of Cardinals on October 24, 2012.^[46]{{efn|The consistories at which Benedict XVI created cardinals in 2012 were unusual in that it was the first year since 1929 in which two consistories were held in the same calendar year. At the first in February all the new cardinals were European or members of the Roman Curia. Benedict explained on October 27: "I have wished, with this little consistory, to complete the consistory of February, precisely in the context of the new evangelization, with a gesture of the universality of the Church, showing that the Church is the Church of all peoples, speaks in all languages, is still the Church of Pentecost; not the Church of one continent, but the universal Church. Precisely this was my intention, to express this context, this universality of the Church." The November consistory was the first with no European created cardinal since 1924.^[47]}} Tagle himself had been notified the night before.^[48] At the consistory where he was formally made a Cardinal on November 24, he was assigned the titular church of San Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle. Tagle was the seventh Filipino to be made a cardinal of the Catholic Church.^[49] When he became a cardinal he was the second youngest one.^[50] On November 30, 2012, upon his return to the Philippines, he presided at a thanksgiving Mass at the San Fernando de Dilao Church in Paco, Manila, which President Benigno Aquino III, Vice-President Jejomar Binay, and Mayor Alfredo Lim of Manila attended.

On January 9, 2013, Tagle delivered a televised homily at the Quirino Memorial Grandstand denouncing cafeteria Catholics in the Philippines as "enemies of the Church, false witnesses with pretentious devotion," specifying those who claim to follow Jesus Christ but reject Roman Catholic doctrine by refusing to respect the sanctity of human life and natural law. He hinted at the recently enacted the Reproductive Health Bill. Tagle also spoke against nominal Catholics who worship their "jewelry" (wealth), but ignore Jesus Christ in the Blessed Sacrament.^[51]

On January 31, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Cardinal Tagle to serve as a member of the Presidential Committee of the Pontifical Council for the Family and the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants.^[52]

Tagle was mentioned by some news organizations as a possible candidate for election as pope during the papal conclave that elected Pope Francis in 2013.^[53]^[54]^[55]

Tagle led the National Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary at the San Fernando de Dilao Church on June 8, 2013.

In a March 2015 interview, Tagle said the Catholic Church needed to develop a new language for addressing homosexuals, unwed mothers, and divorced and remarried Catholics because "what constituted in the past an acceptable way of showing mercy" changes and needs to be re-imagined. He said:

A columnist in the National Catholic Register objected that "It is never mercy to refrain from telling a necessary truth. ...Those who refrain from truth, those who refrain from true but necessary 'harsh' words do not walk the path of a follower of Jesus."^[56] A report in LifeSiteNews contrasted Tagle's views with those of Cardinal Raymond Burke, who said the defense of traditional marriage might require martyrdom, and said Tagle opposed "the use of 'harsh' and 'severe' language to describe the sins of adultery and homosexual behavior."^[57]

Following the publication of Pope Francis' encyclial Laudato si', Cardinal Tagle launched a campaign in the Philippines to collect signatures for a petition against anthropogenic global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions.^[58]

As the Synod on the Family opened public discussion of allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion, Tagle repeatedly signaled his openness to doing so. In March 2014 he said he was open to hearing arguments on the question. He said: "We have a principle we have to believe in. But the openness comes on pastoral judgments you have to make in concrete situations, because no two cases are alike."^[13] As the 2014 session of the synod approached he said he hoped that "the pastoral care of divorced and civilly remarried couples is debated openly and with good will," but emphasized other challenges drawn from his Philippine experience, especially the separation of married couples from one another and their children caused by poverty and migration.^[59] After the synod failed to approve admitting divorced and remarried Catholics to communion by the required two-thirds majority, he emphasized that the majority has approved the idea and the issue remained open. He said:

In 2015, he said that "Every situation for those who are divorced and remarried is quite unique. To have a general rule might be counterproductive in the end. ...We cannot give one formula for all."^[61]

Cardinal Tagle is a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Pontifical Council for the Family, Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Pontifical Council for the Laity, and XIII Ordinary Council of the Secretariat General of the Synod of Bishops. On July 11, 2015, he was made a member of the Pontifical Council 'Cor Unum'. He was also confirmed by Pope Francis as President of the Catholic Biblical Federation on March 5, 2015. On May 14, 2015, he was elected President of Caritas International replacing Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga.^[62] Some Catholic media that judge Tagle's views to be too liberal criticized the appointment.^[63]

Tagle has been Chairman for the Episcopal Commission on the Doctrine of Faith of the Philippines since 2003.^[18] Tagle is the Professor of Dogmatic Synthesis at the Graduate School of Theology of San Carlos Seminary, the archdiocesan major seminary of Manila, and an Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at the Loyola School of Theology of Ateneo de Manila University.^[16] He also taught at the school of theology of the Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay City.

Coat of arms

Tagle's personal coat of arms (sinister side) is impaled with that of the Archdiocese of Manila (dexter side).

The dexter side is derived from the arms of the City of Manila. The tower of Castile{{efn|The Tower of Castile (Spanish: Torre de los Castellaños) refers to the Spanish cultural symbol of the Spanish monarchy that ruled the Philippines during its 300 years of Spanish occupation. To Filipinos, the word is presently translated as Kastila, a phonetic pronunciation of the Spanish "Castilla".}} signifies belief in the one God, its three windows professing devotion to the Trinity. The crescent moon is a symbol of the Blessed Virgin Mary as the Immaculate Conception, the principal patroness of the Philippines. On the lower portion, a sea-lion bearing a cruciform staff is on an azure field, signifying the City of Manila. The sea-lion is originally a Spanish heraldic designation for the Philippines as an ultramar (overseas) possession. Today, the device is also found on several state arms such as the Presidential Seal.

The top sinister section depicts Christ as the Good Shepherd and as a fisherman, accompanied by an open Gospel Book inscribed with the letters Alpha and Omega. The middle section is a stylised version of Our Lady of the Pillar, the patroness of his previous diocese. This consists of an Ionic column surmounted by an ornate "M" as a symbol for the Virgin Mary, crowned with twelve stars. The bottom depicts a carpenter's square, which signifies Saint Joseph the Worker, along with a lily; these refer to the seminary Tagle attended.

Interpretation of Vatican II

Tagle served from 1995 to 2001 as one of more than 50 members of the editorial board of the five-volume, 2,500-page History of Vatican II.^[18] Completed after discussions at 14 international conferences with contributions from over 100 scholars, it is seen as the seminal work on the Second Vatican Council. It has been criticized by some conservatives for providing an overly progressive reading of the Council.^[64] Its principal editors, Alberto Melloni and Giuseppe Alberigo, are identified with the Bologna School of ecclesiastical history which views the Second Vatican Council as a "rupture" with the past, a position criticized by Pope Benedict XVI and others, who hold that Vatican II represents "continuity" with the past.^[65] Tagle's contribution, written in 1999 when he was not yet a bishop, was a 66-page chapter in the fourth volume of the History called "A November Storm: The 'Black Week'" which covered the final days of the Council's third session in 1964, when several actions by Pope Paul VI caused alarm among reform forces.^[66]

Tagle's work has been criticized from opposite viewpoints. In 2005, Archbishop {{ill|Agostino Marchetto|it}}, Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants, a "continuity" advocate, assessed Tagle's chapter as "a rich and even comprehensive study", but called it "unbalanced, journalistic, and lacking objectivity expected of a true historian".^[67]^[68] Hans Küng, a principal critic of Pope Paul's conservative impact on the Council, endorsed Tagle's view that the Roman Curia's influence on the Pope forced the Council documents to make "theological compromises", but said Tagle was unable to develop an explanation or justification for Pope Paul's positions, so that "in the closing section his writing degenerates into sanctimoniousness".^[69]{{efn|Küng's memoir appeared first in German in 2002 and refers to Tagle only as L.A.G. Tagle from the Philippines. He may not have known when writing that Tagle had been named a bishop.}}

The Vaticanologist John L. Allen, Jr. reported that Cardinal Marc Ouellet, the Holy See's prefect for the Congregation for Bishops and protégé of Pope Benedict XVI, maintains his "full support" for Tagle. Allen also reported that a Vatican official indicated that he read Tagle's 1999 essay – after media reports highlighted it – and found nothing objectionable. In fact, he was impressed by Tagle's defense of Paul VI in that Tagle wrote that Paul followed a strategy of "listening to all views, especially opposing ones", and was willing to "sacrifice his personal popularity to save the council and its future". This official also said that it is difficult to suggest Tagle is opposed to Pope Benedict's reading of the council since one of the sources Tagle cited was the writings of Joseph Ratzinger.^[70] The Vatican news analyst Sandro Magister reported that Tagle's identification with the Bologna School would have hurt his chances of becoming a bishop had the members of the Congregation for Bishops – who considered Tagle's candidacy for archbishop – known of it when considering his appointment.^[47]

In a 2012 interview, Tagle maintained that the Council represented no rupture in the magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church. He added that he does not subscribe to the "rupture theory" that the Catholic Church before 1962 is disconnected from the present church.^[71]

Distinctions

Orders

Academic

Awards

Television

While Archbishop of Manila, Tagle continues to perform as a Host of The Word Exposed, a Catholic television program produced by the Jesuit Communications Foundation, which also maintains an unofficial Facebook account for him. He is also co-presenter on Kape't Pandasal ("Coffee and Prayer", a pun on the term kape't pandesal or "coffee and salted bread"), an early morning religious inspirational program partly produced by the same network, broadcast by ABS-CBN.^[85]

See also

Notes

References

1. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali---statistiche/elenco_per_eta.html|title=List of Cardinals in order of Age|publisher=Holy See Press Office|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/280811/news/nation/cardinal-designate-tagle-laments-practical-atheism-among-some-pinoys |title= Cardinal-designate Tagle laments 'practical atheism' among some Pinoys | accessdate=December 14, 2015|date=November 3, 2012|publisher=GMA News Online}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/13252-new-manila-archbishop-bares-pro-life-stance|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120604024021/http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/13252-new-manila-archbishop-bares-pro-life-stance|dead-url=yes|archive-date=June 4, 2012|title=New Manila archbishop bares pro-life stance|work=Manila Times|date=December 15, 2011|accessdate=February 18, 2012}}
4. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/12/12/philippines-changes-idINDEE7BB08G20111212|title=Philippine church and military change guard|publisher=Reuters|date=December 12, 2011|accessdate=February 18, 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web |title=Tagle a force in Catholicism for a long time |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/tagle-a-force-in-catholicism-for-a-long-time/184180/ |website=The Manila Times |accessdate=August 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830095215/https://www.manilatimes.net/tagle-a-force-in-catholicism-for-a-long-time/184180/ |archive-date=August 30, 2018 |deadurl=no}}
6. ^{{cite news|work=First Things|accessdate=March 14, 2016|url=http://www.firstthings.com/article/2016/01/a-crisis-of-conservative-catholicism|date=January 2016|title=A Crisis of Conservative Catholicism|first=Ross|last=Douthat}}
7. ^{{cite news|work=Church Militant|accessdate=December 14, 2015|url=http://www.churchmilitant.com/news/article/cardinal-tagle-elected-president-of-caritas-internationalis|date=May 14, 2015|title=Controversial Cardinal Elected as President of Catholic Charity|first=Matthew|last=Pearson}}
8. ^{{cite news|work=Political Tidbits|url=http://www.polbits.com/2012/10/vaticans-appointment-of-cardinal-tagle.html|accessdate=December 14, 2015|date=October 25, 2012|title=Vatican's appointment of Cardinal Tagle...|first=Belinda|last=Olivares-Cunanan}}
9. ^{{cite news|work=Crux|accessdate=December 14, 2015|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/11/17/whos-going-to-replace-francis-maybe-one-of-these-guys|date=November 17, 2015|first=John L.|last=Allen Jr.|title=Who's going to replace Francis? Maybe one of these guys}}
10. ^{{cite news|work=Life Site News|accessdate=December 14, 2015|url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/cardinal-rosales-even-if-99-percent-favor-divorce-what-is-wrong-is-wrong|date=March 30, 2015|title=Filipino Cardinal: Even if 99 percent favor divorce, what is wrong is wrong}}
11. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/11457842/Cardinal-Churchs-severe-stance-towards-gay-or-divorced-Catholics-left-people-branded.html|title=Cardinal: Church's 'severe' stance towards gay or divorced Catholics left people 'branded'|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=December 14, 2015|date= March 9, 2015|first=John|last=Bingham}}
12. ^{{cite news|work=The Catholic Herald| accessdate= April 13, 2016|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/03/17/cardinal-tagle-there-is-no-formula-for-all-on-communion-for-the-divorced-and-re-married|date=March 17, 2015|title=Cardinal Tagle: There is no ‘formula for all’ on Communion for the divorced and re-married}}
13. ^¹²³{{cite news|work=Crux| accessdate=December 14, 2015|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/01/15/manila-cardinal-luis-tagle-the-asian-pope-francis|title=Manila Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle: The Asian Pope Francis|date=January 15, 2015|first=John L.|last=Allen Jr.}}
14. ^Daniel Miller, "The Facebook Pope? Singing Philippine cardinal who uses social networking to spread the gospel is Asia's leading contender to become the next pontiff", dailymail.co.uk, March 7, 2013.
15. ^ Emilio Aguinaldo, Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan. Copyright by Mrs. Cristina Aguinaldo Suntay. Manila. 1964
16. ^¹{{cite web|title=HIS EXCELLENCY MOST REV. LUIS ANTONIO G. TAGLE, D.D., S.T.D.|url=http://www.lst.edu/academics/faculty/217-tagle-luis-antonio|publisher=Loyola School of Theology|accessdate=December 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005213401/http://www.lst.edu/academics/faculty/217-tagle-luis-antonio|archive-date=October 5, 2015|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
17. ^{{cite book|last1=Wooden|first1=Cindy|title=Luis Antonio Tagle: Leading by Listening|date=2015|publisher=Liturgical Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-yeCgAAQBAJ&|accessdate=17 May 2018}}
18. ^¹²³{{cite web| publisher=Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila| accessdate=December 14, 2015| url=http://www.rcam.org/archbishops/luis-antonio-g-tagle-sec| title=Bio-Data of Archbishop Luis Antonio G. Cardinal Tagle, DD| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305124601/http://rcam.org/archbishops/luis-antonio-g-tagle-sec| archivedate=March 5, 2016| df=mdy-all}}
19. ^¹{{cite news|last1=Tubeza|first1=Philip C.|title=CNN analyst sees Manila archbishop a 'papal contender'|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/16123/cnn-analyst-sees-manila-archbishop-a-papal-contender|accessdate=December 15, 2015|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=October 22, 2011}}
20. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/123591/cardinal-tagle-gets-chicago-theological-union-honorary-doctorate|title=Cardinal Tagle gets Catholic Theological Union honorary doctorate|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=May 28, 2015|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.lasalle.edu/blog/2015/09/24/cardinal-tagle-of-manila-receives-honorary-degree-from-la-salle-university-at-honors-convocation/ |title= Cardinal Tagle of Manila Receives Honorary Degree from La Salle at Honors Convocation | accessdate=May 9, 2018 | date= September 24, 2015 | website=La Salle University}}
22. ^Pope appoints Mgr. Tagle Archbishop of Manila. Asianews.it. Retrieved on February 18, 2012.
23. ^{{Catholic-hierarchy|bishop|btaglelag|Luis Antonio Gokim Cardinal Tagle|January 21, 2015}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2005d/101405/101405p.php|title=Synod Begins with Candid Talk from Bishops|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=October 15, 2005}}
25. ^"XI Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops." Holy See Press Office, October 2–23, 2005. Accessed December 14, 2015
26. ^{{cite news|title=Uninvited Guest Turns Up at Catholic Synod: Issue of Married Priests|first=Ian|last=Fisher|date=October 7, 2005|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/07/international/europe/07pope.html |accessdate=December 14, 2015}}
27. ^{{cite news|work=National Catholic Reporter|first= John L.|last=Allen Jr.|accessdate=December 14, 2015|date=October 14, 2005|url=http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2005d/101405/101405p.php|title=Synod begins with candid talk from bishops}}
28. ^{{cite news|work=Seattle Times|accessdate=December 14, 2015|date=October 4, 2015|title=Cardinal reaffirms celibacy rule, plays down shortage of priests|first=Nicole|last=Winfield|agency=Associated Press|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2002538207_vatican04.html}}
29. ^{{cite web|publisher= Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses|accessdate=December 14, 2015|first=Luis Antonio G.|last=Tagle|title=The Eucharist, The Life of Christ in our Lives|date=June 19, 2008|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pont_committees/eucharist-congr/documents/rc_committ_euchar_doc_20080619_eucar-tagle_en.html}}
30. ^¹{{cite news|work=National Catholic Reporter|first=John L. | last= Allen |url=http://ncronline.org/news/people/bus-riding-bishop-named-top-cleric-philippines |title= Bus-riding bishop named top cleric in Philippines |date=October 24, 2011|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}
31. ^Vatican Insider: "Pope appoints communicator and scholar as new Archbishop of Manila" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015003522/http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/homepage/the-vatican/detail/articolo/filippine-philippines-filipinas-papa-pope-el-papa-8980/ |date=October 15, 2011 }} October 13, 2011
32. ^{{cite news | work = Philippine Daily Inquirer | accessdate = December 11, 2015 | url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/54986/archbishop-tagle-good-chemistry-with-pope | title = Archbishop Tagle: Good chemistry with Pope | date = November 4, 2012 |first= Philip C. | last = Tubeza}}
33. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.veredgo.com/pages/Archbishop+Tagle+of+Manila/index.htm | title=Archbishop Tagle, Pilgrimage from Manila | accessdate = December 14, 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/Asia-Next-for-Catholic-Sex-Abuse-Disclosures-139032819.html |title=Asia Next for Catholic Sex-Abuse Disclosures?| publisher= Voice of America |date=February 9, 2012 |accessdate=December 14, 2015}}
35. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/catholic-leaders-launch-online-abuse-education-forum/2012/02/09/gIQArEBI2Q_story.html| title= Catholic leaders launch online abuse education forum |work= Washington Post| date= January 31, 2012 | accessdate= February 18, 2012 |first=Alessandro | last=Speciale}}
36. ^{{cite news |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/143573/tagle-asias-culture-of-silence-rules |title= Tagle: Asia’s culture of silence rules | work= Philippine Daily Inquirer | date = February 11, 2012 | accessdate = December 14, 2015 }}
37. ^{{cite news | accessdate = December 21, 2015 | url = http://www.news.va/en/news/other-pontifical-acts-183 | title = Pontifical Acts - 12 June | publisher= Vatican News }}
38. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0612/breaking22.html | work=The Irish Times | title=Congress 'happy' with attendances |date= June 12, 2012|accessdate=December 14, 2015 |first=Patsy | last=McGarry}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=14620 |title= International Eucharistic Congress: focus on marriage, family, abuse scandal|accessdate=December 14, 2015|date=June 13, 2012|agency=Catholic World News}}
40. ^{{YouTube|FJL5W-MY-lQ|Full Video of the Speech covered by Salt & Light International Television}}
41. ^{{cite web |url=http://rcam.org/news/777-ano-bang-kultura-ang-sisimulan-ng-rh-bill- |title=Ano bang kultura ang sisimulan ng RH Bill? |accessdate=December 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208111349/http://rcam.org/news/777-ano-bang-kultura-ang-sisimulan-ng-rh-bill- |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
42. ^{{YouTube|NUNqjIycgGc|Talk of Abp. Chito Tagle}}
43. ^{{cite news | accessdate = December 21, 2015 | url= http://www.news.va/en/news/vatican-synod-fathers-named | publisher = Vatican Radio | date= September 18, 2012 | title = Vatican: Synod fathers named }}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_25_xiii-ordinaria-2012/02_inglese/b07_02.html#-_H._Exc._Rev._Mons._Luis_Antonio_G._TAGLE,_Archbishop_of_Manila_(PHILIPPINES)| title=Synodus Episcoporum Bulletin |accessdate=December 15, 2015|date=October 9, 2012| publisher= Holy See Press Office}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/articolo.asp?c=632650 |title=Cardinal-designate Tagle calls for quieter, listening Church | date=October 24, 2012 | accessdate=December 15, 2015 | publisher=Vatican Radio}}
46. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=16024 | date=October 24, 2012|accessdate=December 14, 2015 | agency=Catholic World News|title=Pope Benedict names 6 new cardinals in surprise announcement }}
47. ^¹{{cite news|last1=Magister|first1=Sandro|title=The consistory of the six cardinals|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1350351?eng=y|accessdate=December 15, 2015|work=Vatican Diary|date=October 24, 2012}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://ncronline.org/news/people/four-new-cardinals-had-keep-news-secret-synod |date=October 24, 2012|title=Four new cardinals had to keep news secret from synod |work= National Catholic Reporter|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}
49. ^State of the Nation: TV News show with GMA Network senior correspondent: Jessica Soho - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEthidBfn88
50. ^{{cite news | publisher = Catholic News Agency | accessdate = December 14, 2015 | url = http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/evangelization-more-than-strategy-cardinal-elect-says/ | date =October 29, 2012 | title =Evangelization more than strategy, cardinal-designate says }}
51. ^Luis Antonio Tagle takes a swipe against the Reproductive Health Bill - Homily - Luneta Quirino Memorial Grandstand - January 9, 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZllBwD3BgQ
52. ^{{cite news|last1=Glancy|first1=Ashton|title=Pope gives new cardinals their Curia positions|url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope-gives-new-cardinals-their-curia-positions/|accessdate=December 19, 2015|publisher=Catholic News Agency|date=January 31, 2013}}
53. ^{{cite news | date=March 13, 2013| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21415639| title=Papal conclave: Runners and riders | publisher=BBC News | accessdate=December 14, 2015}}
54. ^{{cite news|last1=Allen Jr.|first1=John L.|title=Papabile of the Day: The Men Who Could Be Pope|url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/papabile-day-men-who-could-be-pope-3|accessdate=December 14, 2015|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=February 22, 2013}}
55. ^{{cite news|last1=Obordo|first1=Rachel|title=The men who could be pope: Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle |url= http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2013/03/09/the-men-who-could-be-pope-cardinal-luis-antonio-tagle/ |accessdate=December 14, 2015 |work= Catholic Herald| date=March 9, 2013}}
56. ^{{cite news |work= National Catholic Register | accessdate=December 15, 2015| date= March 13, 2015| title=Hard Sayings, Who Can Listen To It? | first=Pat | last=Archbold| url=http://www.ncregister.com/blog/pat-archbold/hard-sayings}}
57. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/in-england-one-cardinal-says-brace-for-martyrdom-over-marriage-while-anothe | accessdate=December 15, 2015| date= March 12, 2015| title= In England, one cardinal says brace for martyrdom over marriage, while another denounces 'harsh' language| first=Hilary | last=White|publisher=Life Site News}}
58. ^{{cite news| publisher=Yahoo News |accessdate=December 14, 2015 | url=https://news.yahoo.com/philippines-catholics-begin-speaking-climate-action-210132653.html |title= One of the World’s Most Catholic Nations Answers the Pope’s Call on Climate Change| date=July 7, 2015| first=Emily J. | last=Gertz}}
59. ^{{cite news| work=National Catholic Reporter| accessdate=December 15, 2015| date= October 6, 2014| title= Philippine cardinal hopes synod debate goes beyond Communion question | first=Cindy| last=Wooden| agency=Catholic News Service| url= http://ncronline.org/news/global/philippine-cardinal-hopes-synod-debate-goes-beyond-communion-question}}
60. ^{{cite news| work=Vatican Insider|accessdate=December 15, 2015| date= October 20, 2014 | title=Tagle: 'The question of remarried divorcees remains open' |url=http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/sinodo-famiglia-tagle-divorziati-37040/}}
61. ^¹{{cite news|work=Catholic Herald|accessdate=December 14, 2015|title= Cardinal Tagle criticises use of 'harsh words' for gay and divorced people| date= March 9, 2015|url= http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/03/09/cardinal-tagle-criticises-use-of-harsh-words-for-gay-and-divorced-people/ | first=Rachel | last=Obordo}}
62. ^{{cite news | accessdate = December 21, 2015 | title = Cardinal Tagle elected head of intl church social action arm | url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/487654/news/nation/cardinal-tagle-elected-head-of-intl-church-social-action-arm | date = May 15, 2015 | publisher=GMA News}}
63. ^{{cite news|work=First Things|accessdate=March 14, 2016 |url=http://www.firstthings.com/article/2016/01/a-crisis-of-conservative-catholicism |date= May 14, 2015|title=A Crisis of Conservative Catholicism| first= Ross|last=Douthat}}
64. ^{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/16123/cnn-analyst-sees-manila-archbishop-a-papal-contender | work=Philippine Daily Inquirer | title=CNN analyst sees Manila archbishop a 'papal contender' | first= Philip C. |last=Tubeza | date= October 22, 2011 | accessdate=May 9, 2018}}
65. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/articles.cfm?id=296 | website=Catholic Culture.org | title=Benedict's Hermeneutic of Continuity | first=Jeff |last=Mirus |date= January 30, 2009|accessdate=May 9, 2018}}
66. ^{{cite book| chapter= The 'Black Week' of Vatican II (November 14–21, 1964) |title= History of Vatican II | volume= IV, The Church as Communion: Third Period and Intercession September 1964–September 1965 | editor-first1= Giuseppe | editor-last1== Alberigo | publisher=Orbis | date=2003| location= Maryknoll, New York | first= Luis Antonio G. | last= Tagle}}
67. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.newliturgicalmovement.org/2010/09/archbishop-agostino-marchetto-resigns.html |title=New Liturgical Movement: Archbishop Agostino Marchetto Resigns Curial Position to Study History of Vatican II | date=September 6, 2010| accessdate=May 9, 2018| first=Shawn R. | last=Tribe }}
68. ^{{cite news | first=Sandro | last=Magister | work = Vatican Diary | url= http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1350351?eng=y |title= The consistory of the six cardinals| accessdate=May 9, 2018 | date= October 24, 2012}}
69. ^{{cite book | first= Hans | last= Küng |date=2003 | title= My Struggle for Freedom |pages=413–4 |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing}}
70. ^{{cite news | url= http://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/vatican-ok-manila-leader-despite-link-vatican-ii-school | work= National Catholic Reporter |title=Vatican OK with Manila leader despite link to Vatican II school |first= John L. |last=Allen Jr.|date= December 20, 2011 | accessdate=May 9, 2018}}
71. ^{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eu4ooS5H8sA&feature=g-all-u |publisher=Salt + Light Television |title= Archbishop Tagle – Witness |author-first= Fr. Thomas |author-last= Rosica| date = August 10, 2012 |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/global/archbishop-challenges-graduates-imitate-christ-face-unemployment|title=Archbishop challenges graduates to imitate Christ in face of unemployment|publisher=National Catholic Register|date=April 3, 2012|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/cardinal-tagle-receives-honoris-causa/12653/|title=CARDINAL TAGLE RECEIVES HONORIS CAUSA|publisher=Manila Times|date=June 24, 2013|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtnnews.com/catholic-news/World.php?id=8218|title=Filipino cardinal receives honorary doctorate for service|publisher=EWTN|date=August 5, 2013|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=http://themindanaocurrent.blogspot.com/2013/08/xu-confers-honorary-degree-on-cardinal.html|title=XU Confers Honorary Degree on Cardinal Tagle|publisher=The Mindanao Current|date=August 4, 2013|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Opinion&title=the-cardinal-wept&id=75096|title=The Cardinal wept|publisher=BusinessWorld|date=August 19, 2013|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hau.edu.ph/news_and_events/index.php?id=852|title=HAU to confer honorary doctorate on Cardinal Tagle|publisher=Holy Angel University|date=July 6, 2013|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
78. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.cbcpnews.com/cbcpnews/?p=32218|title=Tagle to receive honorary doctorate degree from Fordham University|publisher=CBCP News (Manila)}}
79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.acu.edu.au/about_acu/our_university/governance/governance_directorate/senate/honorary_awards_committee/honorary_doctorates_conferred|title=Honorary Doctorates Conferred|publisher=Australian Catholic University|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
80. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sydneycatholic.org/news/latest_news/2014/2014729_1304.shtml|title=Cardinal Tagle & Cardinal Dolan To Receive ACU's Highest Honour|publisher=Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney|date=July 29, 2014|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://thefilam.net/thefilamdc/?p=1041|title=After NYC, a second honorary degree for Cardinal Luis Tagle|publisher=TheFilAm|date=May 16, 2014|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cardinal-tagle-of-manila-receives-honorary-degree-from-la-salle-university-at-honors-convocation-300147284.html|title=Cardinal Tagle of Manila Receives Honorary Degree from La Salle University at Honors Convocation|publisher=PR Newswire|date=September 22, 2015|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/video/167905/24oras/outstanding-manilan-2013|title=Outstanding Manilan 2013|publisher=GMA News|date=June 28, 2013|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usls.edu.ph/AveNews/index.php?page=details&nId=2063|title=His Eminence Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle receives Fides award|publisher=La Salle Bacolod|date=January 27, 2015|accessdate=August 31, 2016}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jescom.ph/category/hosts/bishop-chito-tagle|title=Bishop Chito Tagle|publisher=Jesuit Communications Foundation|accessdate=October 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201192520/http://www.jescom.ph/category/hosts/bishop-chito-tagle|archive-date=February 1, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
86. ^Biography of The Most Reverend Luis Antonio G. Tagle (CEI 2008). Cei2008.ca. Retrieved on February 18, 2012.
87. ^Rinuncia Dell’Arcivescovo Metropolita Di Manila (Filippine) E Nomina Del Successore. Press.catholica.va (October 13, 2011). Retrieved on February 18, 2012.
88. ^{{cite web|url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29888.php?index=29888&lang=ge|title=Annuncio di Concistoro per la Creazione di Sei Nuovi Cardinali|publisher = Holy See Press Office|date=October 24, 2012|language=Italian}}
89. ^{{cite web |url= http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/vaticano/dettaglio-articolo/articolo/concistoro-19179/ |title=Tagle: fede e dialogo interreligioso in Estremo Oriente - Vatican Insider |language=it}}

External links

{{Clear}}{{s-start}}{{s-rel|ca}}{{s-bef|before=Manuel C. Sobreviñas}}{{s-ttl|title=Roman Catholic Bishop of Imus|years=October 22, 2001 – December 12, 2011}}{{s-aft|after=Reynaldo G. Evangelista}}{{s-break}}{{s-bef|before=Gaudencio Rosales}}{{s-ttl|title=Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila|years=December 12, 2011–present}}{{s-inc}}{{s-end}}{{Cardinals of the Catholic Church}}{{Manila archdiocese |state=expanded}}{{Filipino Cardinals |state=collapsed}}{{Philippine Roman Catholic Archbishops |state=collapsed}}{{Roman Catholicism in the Philippines}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tagle, Luis Antonio G.}}