| 词条 | Shoeburyness |
| 释义 |
|official_name= Shoeburyness |country= England |region= East of England | static_image_name = Shoeburyness east-beach.jpg | static_image_caption = Shoebury East Beach | population = 11,159 | population_ref = (2011 Census)[1] |os_grid_reference= TQ941851 |label_position = top |post_town= Southend-on-Sea |postcode_area= SS |postcode_district= SS3 |dial_code= 01702 |constituency_westminster= Rochford and Southend East |unitary_england= Southend-on-Sea |lieutenancy_england= Essex |coordinates = {{coord|51.5316|0.7978|display=inline,title}} Shoeburyness ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʃ|uː|b|əɹ|i|ˈ|n|ɛ|s}}; also called Shoebury) is a town in southeast Essex, England, at the mouth of the Thames Estuary. It is within the borough of Southend-on-Sea, situated at its far east, around {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} east of Southend town centre. It was an urban district of Essex from 1894 to 1933, when it became part of the county borough of Southend-on-Sea.[2] It was once a garrison town and still acts as host to MoD Shoeburyness. DescriptionThe eastern terminus of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (c2c line) is at Shoeburyness railway station, services run to London Fenchurch Street in the city of London. The eastern end of the A13 is at Shoeburyness. The MoD Shoeburyness site at Pig's Bay is situated nearby and the facility is run by the company QinetiQ.[3] Shoeburyness has two beaches: East Beach and Shoebury Common Beach (also known as West Beach), both Blue Flag beaches.[4] East Beach is a sandy/pebbly beach around a quarter of a mile long and is sandwiched between the Pig's Bay MoD site and the former Shoeburyness Artillery barracks. Access to the large gravel/grass pay-and-display car park is via Rampart Terrace. East Beach is the site of a defence boom, built in 1944, to prevent enemy shipping and submarines from accessing the River Thames.[5] This replaced an earlier, similar boom built {{convert|100|yd|m|0}} east. The majority of the boom was dismantled after the war, but around one mile still remains, stretching out into the Thames Estuary. East Beach benefits from a large grassy area immediately adjacent to the sands, which is suitable for informal sports and family fun.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} Shoeburyness is where, during the Second World War, a magnetic ground mine, which was deposited in the mud at the mouth of the Thames by the Luftwaffe, was discovered by the MoD. Up until that time, various sinkings of ships around the English coast were thought to be due to U-boat torpedoes. The discovery of the ground mine allowed countermeasures to be introduced to neutralise the weapon's effect; one of these was the degaussing cables installed in merchant ships in Allied and British fleets, and of course the wooden minesweepers.[6] Shoebury Common Beach is bounded to the east by the land formerly occupied by the Shoeburyness Artillery barracks and continues into Jubilee Beach. Shoebury Common Beach is the site of many beach huts located on both the promenade and the beach. A Coast Guard watch tower at the eastern end of the beach keeps watch over the sands and mudflats while listening out for distress calls over the radio. A cycle path skirts around the sea-front linking the East Beach to Shoebury Common Beach, and thence into Southend and a number of other towns, including Leigh-on-Sea.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} In popular cultureThe English painter J. M. W. Turner depicted the fishermen of Shoeburyness in his oil painting Shoeburyness Fishermen Hailing a Whitstable Hoy. The painting was exhibited in 1809, and was part of a series Turner made of the Thames estuary between 1808 and 1810. The painting has been in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada since 1939.[7][8] In the fifth Temeraire novel Victory of Eagles, Shoeburyness is the setting of a fictitious climactic battle in which Wellesley and Nelson drive Napoleon out of England in early 1808.[9] Shoeburyness is home to "the commuter", protagonist in the eponymous song and music video by Ceephax Acid Crew.[10] Shoeburyness is mentioned in the Porridge episode "The Harder They Fall" (S2 E6), at approximately 6'10".[11] Climate{{Weather box|location = Shoeburyness, Essex 1981–2010 |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 7.5 |Feb high C = 7.6 |Mar high C = 10.3 |Apr high C = 12.8 |May high C = 16.0 |Jun high C = 19.3 |Jul high C = 22.0 |Aug high C = 22.0 |Sep high C = 19.1 |Oct high C = 15.1 |Nov high C = 10.7 |Dec high C = 7.9 |year high C = |Jan low C = 2.4 |Feb low C = 1.9 |Mar low C = 3.5 |Apr low C = 5.1 |May low C = 8.0 |Jun low C = 10.9 |Jul low C = 13.3 |Aug low C = 13.4 |Sep low C = 11.4 |Oct low C = 8.7 |Nov low C = 5.2 |Dec low C = 2.9 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 42.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 32.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 34.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 38.0 |May precipitation mm = 42.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 41.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 39.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 44.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 42.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 59.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 52.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 45.8 |year precipitation mm = |Jan rain days = 9.5 |Feb rain days = 8.0 |Mar rain days = 8.6 |Apr rain days = 8.4 |May rain days = 8.0 |Jun rain days = 8.0 |Jul rain days = 6.9 |Aug rain days = 6.9 |Sep rain days = 7.6 |Oct rain days = 10.0 |Nov rain days = 10.0 |Dec rain days = 9.4 |year rain days= |source 1 = Met Office[12]}} Notable people
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13690654&c=Shoeburyness&d=14&e=62&g=6395165&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1442842165508&enc=1|title=Southend Ward population 2011|accessdate=21 September 2015}} 2. ^Shoeburyness UD Essex through time: Administrative history of Local Government District {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001002338/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10023713&c_id=10001043 |date=1 October 2007 }}, visionofbritain.org.uk; accessed 18 November 2017. 3. ^{{cite web|title=MOD Shoeburyness|url=http://www.shoeburyness.qinetiq.com/about/Pages/mod-shoeburyness-timeline.aspx|publisher=Qinetiq|accessdate=12 March 2016}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.itv.com/news/anglia/update/2017-05-23/blue-flags-awarded-to-a-dozen-sunny-anglia-beaches/|title=Blue flags awarded to a dozen sunny Anglia beaches|work=ITV News|access-date=2017-05-31|language=en}} 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TQ87AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT84|title=The Secret History of Southend-on-Sea|last=Gordon|first=Dee|date=2014-02-03|publisher=History Press|year=|isbn=9780750955454|location=|pages=84|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/how-britain-beat-germanys-wwii-magnetic-sea-mines-bfec5558704c|title=How Britain Beat Germany's Magnetic Sea Mines|last=Simpson|first=James|date=23 November 2014|website=War Is Boring|access-date=31 May 2017}} 7. ^Shoeburyness Fishermen Hailing a Whitstable Hoy, before 1809, National Gallery of Canada website; retrieved 18 June 2013. 8. ^Shoeburyness Fisherman Hailing a Whitstable Hoy, tate.org.uk; retrieved 18 June 2013. 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tor.com/2016/05/18/the-temeraire-reread-victory-of-eagles|title=The Temeraire Reread: Victory of Eagles|date=18 May 2016|website=Tor.com|access-date=31 May 2017}} 10. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHFL8WY-_cI#t=3m29s "The Commuter"] by Ceephax Acid Crew (2010) on YouTube; accessed November 18, 2017. 11. ^https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view_episode_scripts.php?tv-show=porridge-1973&episode=s02e06 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/shoeburyness#?tab=climateTables|title=Shoeburyness Climatic Averages 1981–2010|publisher=Met Office|accessdate=23 December 2012}} External links{{Commons category|Shoeburyness}}
3 : Towns in Essex|Populated coastal places in Essex|Southend-on-Sea (district) |
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