| 词条 | Luma (region) |
| 释义 |
Only a small portion of the region, half of historic Tërthorë bajrak (tribal banner), is situated within the borders of Kosovo{{ref label|status|a|}}, from Prizren city to the border between Kosovo and Albania. During the Balkan wars, Bozidar Jankovic, the general of the invading Serbian army, ordered his army to commit massacres of the Albanians of Luma resulting in entire villages being burned down with the inhabitants being burned alive or slaughtered. HistoryThe region is documented first in the 16th century (1571 -1591), as a nahiye of the Sanjak of İpek, whereas in the 17th century it is mentioned by Frang Bardhi as the most eastern frontier of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë.[2] It is thought that before the 18th century the timar system was replaced by the self-governing system of bajrak.[3] Luma has had 7 bajraks:[2]
The last organization of these bajraks was done in 1912 in the battle of Qafa e Kolesjanit, against the Serbian army.[2] Massacres committed by the Serbian army during 1912{{main|Battle of Lumë}}Leo Freundlich, an Austrian correspondent who was in Luma at the time, reported that General Jankovic, ordered his army to commit massacres of the Abanians of Luma resulting in entire villages being burned down with the inhabitants being burned or slaughtered alive. All in all, twenty-seven villages on Luma territory were burnt to the ground and their inhabitants slain, even the children. It was here that one of the most appalling atrocities of the Serbian war of annihilation was committed against the Albanians. Women and children were tied to bundles of hay and set on fire before the eyes of their husbands and fathers. The women were then barbarously cut to pieces and the children bayoneted. A colleague of Freundlich wrote "It is all so inconceivable, and yet it is true!" Four hundred men from Luma who gave themselves up voluntarily were taken to Prizren and executed day after day in groups of forty to sixty. Notable people
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Robert Elsie|title=The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EzWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA366|date=30 May 2015|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-78453-401-1|pages=281-282}} 2. ^1 2 3 Fejzulla Gjabri (Department of Culture of Albania), Information about the Heroic Epos in the Province of Luma 3. ^{{cite web|last1=HOXHA|first1=Shefqet|title=BAJRAKTARËT E LUMËS|url=http://pashtriku.beepworld.de/files/Histori/histori/bajrakulumesshhoxha101007.htm|website=Pashtriku|accessdate=15 November 2015|quote=Megjithëse deri tani nuk është shpaluar ndonjë akt zyrtar i Perandorisë Osmane që ligjëronte zëvendësimin e sistemit të timarit në malësi me atë të njësive vetëqeverisëse tradicionale dhe si njësi administrative-ushtarake osmane me emrin "bajrak", ky proces mendohet të ketë nisur para shek.XVIII}} Bibliography
Notes{{note|status}}{{Kosovo-note}}{{coord missing|Albania}}{{Albania-geo-stub}}{{Kosovo-geo-stub}} 5 : Tribes of Albania|Albanian regions|Historical regions in Albania|Regions of Kosovo|Albanian ethnographic regions |
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