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词条 Shooting-brake
释义

  1. Horse-drawn wagons

  2. Automobiles

     1900s to 1950s  1960s to 1990s  2000s to present 

  3. Present-day definition

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}{{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220
| image2 = Streetcarl Aston Martin - DB6 Vantage Shooting Brake (6435660945).jpg
| caption2 = 1969-1970 Aston Martin DB6 Vantage Shooting Brake
| image3 = Mercedes.Benz CLS 63 AMG Shooting Brake (8083845395).jpg
| caption3 = 2012 Mercedes Benz CLS Shooting Brake
}}Shooting-brake is a term for car body style which originated in the 1890s as a horse-drawn wagon used to transport shooting parties with their equipment and game.[1]

The first automotive shooting brakes were manufactured in the early 1900s in the United Kingdom. The vehicle style became popular in England during the 1920s and 1930s, and was produced by vehicle manufacturers or as conversions by coachbuilders. The term was used in Britain interchangeably with estate car from the 1930s,[2][3][4][5][6] but has not been in general use for many years and has been more or less superseded by the latter term.

Since the 1960s, the term has evolved, describing cars combining elements of both station wagon and coupé body styles, both with or without reference to the historical usage for shooting parties.[7] During the 1960s and early 1970s, several high end European manufacturers produced two-door shooting brake versions of their sports cars.

Since the mid-1990s, the first production cars marketed as shooting-brakes are the 2012 Mercedes-Benz CLS and the 2018 Porsche Panamera Sport Turismo.

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Horse-drawn wagons

Like many early automotive body styles, the shooting brake was originally a type of horse-drawn vehicle. A brake was originally a chassis hooked to spirited horses to "break" them;[4] however the etymology of the term is unknown.[5] It is possible that the word 'brake' has its origins in the Dutch word 'brik' which means 'cart' or 'carriage'.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} The term brake later became broader in definition, being used for wagons in general.[4][6]

The shooting brake, which began in England in the 1890s, was a wagon (more specifically a type of wagonette) designed to transport hunting spoils, gun racks and ammunition on shooting trips.[7]

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Automobiles

1900s to 1950s

In the early 1900s, the Scottish Albion Motors began producing shooting brake models, described in the weekly magazine The Commercial Motor as having "seats for eight persons as well as the driver, whilst four guns and a large supply of cartridges, provisions baskets and a good 'bag' can be carried."[8]

The 1912 Hudson Model 33 was described in England as a shooting brake, on the basis that "...it was also used to carry the beaters to and from the location of the shoot, and for bringing back the game shot".[9]

Early{{when|date=October 2018}} motorized safari vehicles were described as shooting brakes with no windows or doors. "Instead roll-down canvas curtains were buttoned to the roof in the case of bad weather. These cars were heavy and comfortable in good weather and allowed quick and silent exit as no shooting was permitted from the vehicles."[10]

During the 1920s and 1930s, shooting brake vehicles were popular in England, and were produced as shooting brakes from the factory or converted by coachbuilders. The term "estate car" began to be used instead of shooting brake, as the use of the vehicle expanded from just shooting parties to other domestic uses including ferrying guests and their luggage to and from railway stations.[11]

1960s to 1990s

During the 1960s and early 1970s, several high end European manufacturers produced two-door shooting brake versions of their sports cars, including the 1960 Sunbeam Alpine Shooting Brake and 1965 Aston Martin DB5 Shooting Brake.[7][6][12] The 1966 Sunbeam Alpine was a limited-production three-door variant of its two-door open sports car with leather interior and walnut trim, selling at a price double its open counterpart and marketed as a shooting brake.[13][14][15] The Aston Martin DB5, DB6 and DBS shooting brakes were custom manufactured by coachbuilder Harold Radford from 1965 to 1967.[16]

In 1992, Aston Martin manufactured in-house a limited production shooting brake variant of its Virage/Vantage.[17]

Other cars combining elements of a wagon and coupé have been described but were never formally marketed as shooting brakes, including the Reliant Scimitar GTE (1968–1975)[18][19][20] and the Volvo P1800 ES (1972–1973).[21][22][23]

2000s to present

{{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220
| image1 = Audi Shooting Brake.jpg
| caption1 = 2005 Audi Shooting Brake Concept
| image2 = Ferrari FF (7376931930) (cropped).jpg
| caption2 = 2011 Ferrari FF
| image3 = CLS SHooting Brake (11241593854).jpg
| caption3 = 2013 Mercedes Benz CLS Shooting Brake
}}

Mostly dormant since the mid 1970s, the shooting brake term appeared in 2004 with the Chevrolet Nomad concept car.[7] The following year, the Audi Shooting Brake concept car was revealed at the Tokyo Motor Show.

The first production model shooting brake of the 21st century was the 2012 Mercedes Benz CLS-Class Shooting Brake (X218),[24][25] which was previewed as the Shooting Brake concept car at Auto China.[26][27] This model has four (passenger) doors, which is at odds with some definitions of a shooting brake as being a two-door car. In 2015, Mercedes-Benz added the smaller CLA-Class four-door shooting brake to the model range.[28][29][30][31]

The 2018 Porsche Panamera Sport Turismo is described by Porsche as a shooting brake.[32]

Several other cars have been described by journalists as shooting brakes, including the 1998 BMW Z3 Coupé (and associated M Coupé model),[33][34][35] 2005 Dodge Magnum Station Wagon,[36][37][38] 2006 Renault Altica concept car,[39] 2008 Mini Clubman,[40] 2011 Fisker Surf concept car[41] and 2011 Ferrari FF.[42][43]

Present-day definition

There is no universally agreed definition of a shooting brake, however the common themes are the coupé and station wagon body styles, and the historical usage of the vehicle for hunting trips.[44][45][46] Descriptions of the body style include:

  • "A sleek wagon with two doors and sports-car panache, its image entangled with European aristocracy, fox hunts and baying hounds".[47]
  • "A cross between an estate and a coupé".[48]
  • "Essentially a two-door station wagon".[49]
  • An interchangeable term for estate car (station wagon).[4][3][50][51][2] In France, a station wagon is marketed as a break, once having been called a break de chasse, which translates as "hunting break".[52]
  • A body style with "a very interesting profile. It makes use of the road space it covers a little better than a normal coupé, and also helps the rear person with headroom... The occasional use of the rear seat means you can do one of these cars, even if such a wagon lacks the everyday practicality of four doors."[47]
  • A vehicle conceived "to take gentlemen on the hunt with their firearms and dogs... and "although [its] glory days came before World War II, and it has faded from the scene in recent decades, the body style is showing signs of a renaissance" (as of 2006).[47] "The most famous shooting brakes had custom two-door bodies fitted to the chassis of pedigreed cars".[47]

See also

{{Commons category|Shooting brakes}}
  • Coupé
  • Hatchback
  • Station wagon

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lytfuLKy6zMC&pg=PA17&dq=%22to%20the%20shoot%20in%20a%20brake%22%20The%20Victorian%20and%20Edwardian%20Sportsman%20By%20Richard%20Tames&hl=en&ei=9vR3TrXnFIP2mAXH_vXDDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Victorian and Edwardian Sportsman|first=Richard|last=Tames|date=4 March 2008|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|via=Google Books}}
2. ^1 {{citation | title=Automobile quarterly | volume=22 | issue=1 | page=1931 | year=1984 | publisher=Princeton Institute for Historic Research | url=https://archive.org/details/automobilequarte22octprin | quote=If milord had it in mind to do a bit of hunting, he and his guns would then be transported to the shooting site in a "brake" (the English term originally applied to horse-drawn wagons). Being somewhat logical, the British determined that if a brake was used for shooting purposes it might well be named "shooting brake." However, the term fell into common parlance and eventually became a generic label...}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |title=Woody Gallery – British Woodies |url=http://www.oldwoodies.com/gallery-shootingbrakes.htm}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | title = Sizing up the 1969 Station Wagons | first= Bill | last= Hartford | work = Popular Mechanics | date=February 1969 | page= 104 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I9gDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA104&dq=shooting-brake&hl=en&ei=9BV1Tr-lLfKmsAKvt6SMBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgy#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake&f=false}}
5. ^1. A large carriage-frame (having two or four wheels) with no body, used for breaking in young horses. 1831 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) 1002 The training of coach-horses commences with‥driving in a brake or four-wheeled frame. 1865 Derby Mercury 1 Mar., A horse-breaker's drag, or brake, with two horses harnessed to it. Etymology uncertain. Oxford English Dictionary Online, Oxford University Press 2011.
6. ^1 {{cite web |title=What a Shooting Brake Is and Why Automotive Journalists Love Them |url=https://www.complex.com/sports/2014/03/what-a-shooting-brake-is |website=www.complex.com |accessdate=28 October 2018}}
7. ^{{cite book | title = Motor Body-building in all its Branches | first= Christopher William | last= Terry | year=1914 | page= 6 | publisher = E. & F.N. Spon Limited | location= London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_qqEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA6&dq=shooting-brake&hl=en&ei=F0F1TpLZE-WEsAKr5cGLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCDhu#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake&f=false}}
8. ^{{cite book | title = The Edinburgh Show | publisher = The Commercial Motor | date=30 January 1908 | page= 475 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9X_nAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA475&dq=shooting-brake+albion+The+Edinburgh+Show&hl=en&ei=g051TsrrCMSssQLWlsyLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake%20albion%20The%20Edinburgh%20Show&f=false}}
9. ^{{cite book | title = American Cars in Prewar England: A Pictorial Survey | publisher = McFarland & Company | year=2004 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5JI2rEeNlQsC&pg=PA89&dq=shooting-brake&hl=en&ei=F0F1TpLZE-WEsAKr5cGLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBjhu#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake&f=false}}
10. ^{{cite book | title = White Hunters: The Golden Age of African Safaris | first= Brian | last= Herne | page= 174 | publisher = Henry Holt and Company | year=1999 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lm3OGE6UG1MC&pg=PA174&dq=shooting-brake&hl=en&ei=pRV1Tq-nCIjpsQK7l5iMBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake&f=false}}
11. ^1 {{cite book | title = British Woodies: From the 1920s to the 1950s | first= Colin | last= Peck | page= 5 | publisher = Veloce Publishing Limited | date= May 2008 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=edOlJadQjUgC&pg=PA5&dq=shooting-brake&hl=en&ei=6xR1TqTHEK6FsgL3uLWLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake&f=false}}
12. ^{{cite web |title=A Short History of the Shooting Brake |url=https://www.acontinuouslean.com/2015/08/04/acl-autos-short-history-shooting-brake/ |website=www.acontinuouslean.com |accessdate=28 October 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web | title = The 1960 Sunbeam Alpine Shooting Brake Estate Wagon | publisher = SunbeamAlpine.org | first= Ian | last= Spencer | url = http://www.sunbeamalpine.org/index.php?categoryid=82&p2_articleid=16}}
14. ^{{cite web |title=The Essential Buying Guide - Sunbeam Alpine The Essential Buying Guide – Sunbeam Alpine |url=https://silodrome.com/sunbeam-alpine-buying-guide/ |website=www.silodrome.com |accessdate=4 November 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=Lost & Found- In search of the shooting brake estate wagon |url=https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hsx/2008/04/Lost--amp--Found/1610366.html |website=www.hemmings.com |accessdate=4 November 2018}}
16. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.astonmartins.com/db4_5_6_s/db5_radford_shooting_brake.htm | title = Aston Martin DB5 Shooting Brake by Harold Radford (1965–1967) | publisher = Aston Martins.com | last = Cottingham | first = Tim | date = 9 July 2008 }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/22405356@N05/3862968908/|title=Aston Martin DB5 Radford Shooting Brake Estate August 1972|publisher=}}
18. ^{{cite web | title = Reliant Scimitar and Friends | publisher = Jalopnik | first= Johny | last= Lieberman | date= 25 July 2007 | url = http://jalopnik.com/271804/reliant-scimitar-and-friends}}
19. ^{{cite web |title=Scimitar GTE – a Trailblazing Shooting Brake |url=https://dyler.com/posts/155/scimitar-gte-a-trailblazing-shooting-brake |website=www.dyler.com |accessdate=4 November 2018}}
20. ^{{cite web |title=The Reliant Scimitar GTE - A Sports Shooting-Brake |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/june-1970/60/reliant-scimitar-gte |website=www.motorsportmagazine.com |accessdate=4 November 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.motorvision.de/artikel/a-swedish-fairy-tale,8264.html | title = Volvo P1800: A Swedish fairy-tale | publisher = MV Media | work = Motormedia.de | date = 2 April 2011 | last = Viehmann | first = Sebastian }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
22. ^{{cite web | first = Tom | last = Joslin | title = Found Off the Street: 1973 Volvo P1800ES | url = http://jalopnik.com/5728157/1973-volvo-p1800es | publisher = Gawker.com | work = Jalopnik | date = 9 January 2011 }}
23. ^{{cite web | title = Hindsight: Looking Back on Volvo's Quirky 1800ES | url = http://www.kilometermagazine.com/artman2/publish/hindsight/retro_drive_Volvo_1800ES.html | last = Fowle | first = Stuart | work = Kilometer Magazine | publisher = Vortex Media Group | date = 29 October 2009 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140929180143/http://www.kilometermagazine.com/artman2/publish/hindsight/retro_drive_Volvo_1800ES.html | archivedate = 29 September 2014 | df = dmy-all }}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/News/Search-Results/First-Official-Pictures/Mercedes-CLS-Shooting-Brake-2012-first-official-pictures/|title=Mercedes CLS Shooting Brake (2012) first pictures|last=Kew|first=Ollie|date=29 June 2012|work=Car Magazine|accessdate=6 July 2012}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/mercedes/2013-mercedes-cls-63-amg-shooting-brake-ar118307.html|title=2013 Mercedes CLS 63 AMG Shooting Brake Review @ Top Speed|work=Top Speed|access-date=2018-05-31|language=en-US}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=2013 Mercedes-Benz CLS-class Shooting Brake|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/news/2013-mercedes-benz-cls-shooting-brake-photos-and-info-news|website=Car and Driver|accessdate=21 August 2014|date=June 2012}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://autoweek.com/article/china-auto-show/china-auto-show-mercedes-benz-shooting-break-concept-previews-new-cls-0|title=China auto show: Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept previews new CLS|work=Autoweek|access-date=2018-05-31}}
28. ^{{cite web |title=Mercedes CLA Shooting Brake arrives in Geneva |url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/mercedes/cla/89563/mercedes-cla-shooting-brake-arrives-in-geneva |website=www.autoexpress.co.uk |accessdate=6 November 2018}}
29. ^{{cite web |title=Mercedes-Benz CLA Shooting Brake: Vehicle concept |url=https://www.mercedes-benz.co.uk/passengercars/mercedes-benz-cars/models/cla/cla-shooting-brake/explore/concept-intro.module.html |website=www.mercedes-benz.co.uk |accessdate=21 December 2018}}
30. ^{{cite web |title=Mercedes CLA Shooting Brake review |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46muyJM-ivk |website=www.youtube.com |publisher=Telegraph Cars |accessdate=21 December 2018}}
31. ^{{cite web |title=2015 Mercedes-Benz CLA Shooting Brake |url=https://www.fanmercedesbenz.com/2015-mercedes-benz-cla-shooting-brake-2/ |website=www.fanmercedesbenz.com |accessdate=21 December 2018}}
32. ^{{cite web |title=Porsche shooting brake: past and present |url=https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/history/porsche-museum-secret-storehouse-928-shooting-brake-panamera-sport-turismo-landenberger-13483.html |website=www.porsche.com |accessdate=8 November 2018}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.carthrottle.com/post/classifieds-car-of-the-day-brutal-bmw-m-coupe/|title=Classifieds' Car Of The Day: Brutal BMW M Coupe|publisher=}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://jalopnik.com/258496/the-jalopnik-fantasy-garage-first-generation-bmw-m-coupe|title=The Jalopnik Fantasy Garage: First-Generation BMW M Coupe|first=Jonny|last=Lieberman|publisher=}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2010/09/capsule-review-1999-bmw-z3-m-coupe/|title=Capsule Review: 1999 BMW Z3 M Coupe|date=7 September 2010|publisher=}}
36. ^{{cite book | title = Chrysler 300 Series: Pedigree, Power and Performance Since 1955 | first= Robert | last= Ackerson | page= 190 | publisher = Veloce Publishing | year= 2005 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ign8btHPbvMC&pg=PA190&dq=dodge+magnum+shooting+brake&hl=en&ei=WP91ToqWJKGJsgKB2sCMBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dodge%20magnum%20shooting%20brake&f=false}}
37. ^{{cite web |title = 2006 Dodge Magnum |publisher = Worldcarfans.com |url = http://www.worldcarfans.com/10506178925/2006-dodge-magnum |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120908054638/http://www.worldcarfans.com/10506178925/2006-dodge-magnum |archivedate = 8 September 2012 |df = dmy-all }}
38. ^{{cite web |title = Unattractive and Overhyped: The new Chrysler 300 |publisher = About.com |url = http://cars.about.com/od/designandstyle/a/hemi_critique.htm |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050918120133/http://cars.about.com/od/designandstyle/a/hemi_critique.htm |archivedate = 18 September 2005 |df = dmy-all}}
39. ^{{cite web |title=Renault Altica |url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-reviews/16453/renault-altica |website=www.autoexpress.co.uk |accessdate=6 November 2018}}
40. ^{{cite book | title = A New Kind of Club | publisher = Torque Magazine | date= October 2007 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_PUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA65&dq=%22shooting-brake%22+mini+clubman&hl=en&ei=GfR1TvGnHeH9sQLJ8uiLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22shooting-brake%22%20mini%20clubman&f=false}}
41. ^{{cite web | title = AUTO SHOWS: First Look: Fisker Surf Concept | work = Automobile Magazine | date= 13 September 2011 | first= Donny | last= Nordlicht | url = http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/2011/1109_fisker_surf_concept_first_look/index.html}}
42. ^{{citation|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/21/ferrari-ff-an-all-wheel-drive-shooting-brake/|title=Ferrari FF, an All-Wheel-Drive Shooting Brake|author=Jonathon Shultz|date=21 January 2011}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.supercars.net/cars/2736.html|title=2004 Chevrolet Nomad Concept - Supercars.net|date=30 March 2016|publisher=}}
44. ^{{cite web |title=World’s best ever shooting brakes |url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/motoring/news/world%e2%80%99s-best-ever-shooting-brakes/ss-BBLf5F5 |website=www.msn.com |accessdate=8 November 2018}}
45. ^{{cite web |title=Wicked Wagons: 15 Best Shooting Brakes Of All Time |url=https://hiconsumption.com/2018/09/best-shooting-brakes-of-all-time/ |website=www.hiconsumption.com |accessdate=8 November 2018}}
46. ^{{cite web |title=12 of Our Favorite Shooting Brakes Ever Produced |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/g6678/ten-of-our-favorite-shooting-brakes-ever-produced/ |website=www.roadandtrack.com |accessdate=8 November 2018}}
47. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news | title = The Shooting Brake Makes a Comeback | publisher = The New York Times | date= 26 November 2006 | first= William | last= Diem | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/automobiles/26BRAKE.html}}
48. ^{{cite web|title=Four-wheel-drive Ferrari shooting brake revealed|url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/ferrari-four-shooting-brake-revealed-2011-01-21}}
49. ^{{cite web | title = It’s an Audi Shooting Brake and a Plug-In | publisher = The New York Times, LAWRENCE ULRICH JAN. 13, 2014 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/14/automobiles/autoshow/its-an-audi-shooting-brake-and-a-plug-in.html?src=rechp&_r=0}}
50. ^1 {{cite book | title = Chambers 21st Century Dictionary | page= 1295 | publisher = Allied Chambers (India) | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=D37Cd3Ad7eIC&pg=PA1295&dq=shooting-brake&hl=en&ei=xBV1Tuu6MoKosAKVs7SMBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBTge#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake&f=false}}
51. ^{{cite book | title = The 2001 Jaguar S-Type Estate | work = Popular Mechanics | date= August 1999 | page=50 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SWYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA50&dq=shooting-brake&hl=en&ei=IBZ1TsKtG4WHsgKK-f2LBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBDhG#v=onepage&q=shooting-brake&f=false}}
52. ^{{cite web |title=Woodie Gallery: French Woodies - 1940 to 1949 |url=http://oldwoodies.com/gallery-french4.htm |website=www.oldwoodies.com |accessdate=8 November 2018}}
{{Automobile configuration}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shooting-Brake}}

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