| 词条 | Atropatene |
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Ātṛpātakāna |common_name = Ātṛpātakāna |era = Antiquity |status = |status_text = |empire = |government_type = Monarchy |year_start = c. 323 BC |year_end = 3rd century AD |event_start = |date_start = |event_end = |date_end = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event_pre = |date_pre = |event_post = |date_post = |p1 = Matiene |flag_p1 = |s1 = Parthian Empire |flag_s1 = |image_flag = |flag = |flag_type = |image_coat = |symbol = |symbol_type = |image_map = AtropateneHistoryofIran.png |image_map_caption = Map of Media Atropatene and neighboring countries in 1st century BC |capital = Ganzak |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = |religion = |currency = |leader1 = |leader2 = |year_leader1 = |year_leader2 = |title_leader = King }}{{History of Iran}}Atropatene (in Middle Persian: Ātṛpātakāna; in Persian: آتورپاتکان; in {{lang-el|Ἀτροπατηνή}}) was an ancient kingdom established and ruled under local ethnic Iranian dynasties, first with Darius III of Persia and later Alexander the Great of Macedonia[1] starting in the 4th century BC and includes the territory of modern-day northern Iran,[2] and a small part of the contemporary Azerbaijan Republic. Its capital was Ganzak. Atropatene also was the nominal ancestor of the name of the historic Azerbaijan region in Iran.[3] HistoryFollowing the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, the Macedonian's conquests were divided amongst the diadochi at the Partition of Babylon. The former Achaemenid satrapy of Media was divided into two states: The greater (southern) part – Media Magna was assigned to Peithon, one of Alexander's bodyguards. The smaller (northern) region, which had been the sub-satrapy of Matiene, became Media Atropatene under Atropates, the former Achaemenid governor of all Media, who had by then become father-in-law of Perdiccas, regent of Alexander's designated successor. Shortly thereafter, Atropates refused to pay allegiance to Seleucus, and made Media Atropatene an independent kingdom. It subsequently lost the Media prefix in the name and came to be known simply as Atropatene. The dynasty Atropates founded would rule the kingdom for several centuries, first independently, then as vassals of the Arsacids (who called it 'Aturpatakan'). It was eventually annexed by the Arsacids, who then lost it to the Sassanids, who again called it 'Aturpatakan'. At some time between 639 and 643 the Arabs under the Rashidun took control of the area during the reign of Umar. Atropatene formed a separate province of the early Islamic caliphate and was considered to have had strategic importance. It was during the Arab period that Middle Iranian (i.e. Parthian and Middle Persian) Aturpatakan became Adarbaygan, Adarbayjan or Azerbaijan. List of rulersAlthough the below list is incomplete, they are the known ruling Kings of Media Atropatene.
References1. ^Susan M. Sherwin-White, Amélie Kuhrt, "From Samarkhand to Sardis: a new approach to the Seleucid Empire", University of California Press, 1993. pg 78:"The independence of the area Media Atropatene, named after Atropates, satrap of Media under Darius and Alexander (now Azerbaijan), under local Iranian dynasts, was pre-Selecuid" 2. ^{{Citation |title=Ancient Egypt's warfare: a survey of armed conflict in the chronology of ancient Egypt, 1600 BC-30 BC |last=Benson |first=Douglas S. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1995 |publisher=D. S. Benson |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=OMRyAAAAMAAJ&q=Atropatena+Iranian+Azerbaijan&dq=Atropatena+Iranian+Azerbaijan&cd=3 |accessdate=}} 3. ^{{citation |last=Yarshater |first=Ehsan |year=1983 |title=The Cambridge history of Iran |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-20092-9 |page=1408 |quote=Atropatene see Azarbaijan }} 4. ^ARTABAZANES, Encyclopædia Iranica 5. ^García Sánchez, M (2005): "La figura del sucesor del Gran Rey en la Persia Aqueménida", in V. Troncoso (ed.), Anejos Gerión 9, La figura del sucesor en las monarquías de época helenística. 6. ^Hallock, R (1985): "The evidence of the Persepolis Tablets", en I Gershevitch (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran v. 2, p. 591. 7. ^Cassius Dio, 36.14 8. ^Azerbaijan iii. Pre-Islamic History, Atropates, Persian satrap of Media, made himself independent in 321 B.C. Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory as Media Atropatene or, less frequently, Media Minor: Parthian period 9. ^Ptolemaic Genealogy: Tryphaena, Footnote 13 10. ^1 2 Ptolemaic Genealogy: Affiliated Lines, Descendant Lines {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716100716/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/affilates/aff_ptolemies.htm |date=July 16, 2011 }} 11. ^1 2 Swan, P.M. (2004), The Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio's Roman History, Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14), p.114, Oxford University Press Sources{{refbegin}}
10 : 200 disestablishments|History of Iran|States and territories established in the 4th century BC|States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century|Former countries in Europe|History of Europe|Rulers of Media Atropatene|Geographic history of Azerbaijan|History of Iranian Azerbaijan|Iranian dynasties |
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