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词条 Shri Rudram
释义

  1. Text

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Italictitle}}{{Saivism}}{{About|a stotra (a homage hymn) to Shiva|the Marathi tv series|Rudram (TV series)}}{{Hindu scriptures}}Shri Rudram ({{lang-sa|श्रीरुद्रम्|śrī-rudram}}), is a stotra or homage hymn to Rudra (an epithet of Shiva) taken from the Krishna Yajurveda's Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5, 4.7). Chamakam ({{lang-sa|चमकम्}}) is added by scriptural tradition to the Shri Rudram[1][2]. Shri Rudram is also known as Śri Rudrapraśna, {{IAST|Śatarudrīya}}, and Rudradhyaya. The text is important in Shaivism where Shiva is viewed as God. The hymn is an early example of enumerating the names of a deity.[3]Shri Rudram is also famous for its mention of the Shaivite holy mantra Namah Shivaya, which appears in the text of the {{IAST|Śatarudrīya}} in the eighth anuvaka of Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5.8.1).[3]. It also contains the mantra Aum namah bhagavate rudraya and the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra.[4][5][6][7]

Text

Shri Rudram consists of two chapters (praśna) from the fourth kāṇda (book) of Taittiriya Samhita which is a part of Krishna Yajurveda.[8] Name of the chapters are Namakam (chapter five) and Chamakam (chapter seven) respectively[9]. Shri Rudram's Namakam (chapter five) describes the name or epithets of Rudra, who is a fear-inducing aspect of Shiva. Additionally, the devotee asks for the benevolent aspect of Shiva to be invoked rather in the terrible aspect of Rudra and requests for forgiveness of sins. The Chamakam (chapter seven) asks for the fulfillment of wishes.[10] Each chapter consist of eleven anuvākas or hymns.[11][12][13]

The anuvākas or hymns of Namakam correspond to the eleven hymns of TS 4.5, with the final hymn extended by an additional eight verses, including the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra[14].[15][16] Om Namah Shivaya is also derived from the Shri Rudram, it appears (without the OM) in TS 4.5.8.l[17][18][19][20][21]. The anuvākas or hymns of Chamakam correspond to TS 4.7, asks God for fulfillment of wishes[22].

The earliest homage hymns to Rudra is the Śatarudriya found in the Yajurveda (TS 4.5.1-11, VS 16.1-66).[23][24] C. Fuller maintains that Shri Rudram is based on Śatarudriya.[25]

See also

  • Karpuragauram Karunavtaaram

Notes

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Exposition-EN.pdf|title=Śrī Rudram Exosition}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://vak1969.com/2013/02/01/introduction-to-rudram/|title=Introduction to rudram|at=sec. Chamakam}}
3. ^For notability and text {{IAST|namaḥ śivāya}} see: Sivaramamurti, pp. 1, 24.
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.skandagurunatha.org/works/stothras/sri-rudram.pdf|title=sri rudram|pages=4-5}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.suyajna.org/files/rudram.pdf|title=SRI RUDRAM with meaning|at=sec. Mantra}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://sanskritdocuments.org/articles/ShriRudramChamakam_PRKannan.pdf|title=SRI RUDRAM (with CHAMAKAM)|at=sec. mantra 12 of ANUVAKAM 11, page 87}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Text-Anuvakam-1-11-devanagari-transliteration-translation.pdf|title=Rudram|website=vedic union|page=2}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://vak1969.com/2013/02/01/introduction-to-rudram/|title=Introduction to Rudram|at=sec. What is Rudram ?}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Sri_Rudram|title=sri rudram}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://vak1969.com/2013/02/01/introduction-to-rudram/|title=Introduction to Rudram|at=sec. Chamakam}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Exposition-EN.pdf|title=Sri rudram Exposition}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://vak1969.com/2013/02/01/introduction-to-rudram/|title=Introduction to rudram|at=sec. What is Rudram ?}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Sri_Rudram|title=Sri rudram|at=sec. First paragraph}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.skandagurunatha.org/works/stothras/sri-rudram.pdf|title=Si rudram|website=www.skandagurunatha.org|page=5}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Text-Anuvakam-1-11-devanagari-transliteration-translation.pdf|title=Rudram|at=sec. Anuvāka 11 of Namakam (Supplement), page 31}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.suyajna.org/files/rudram.pdf|title=SRI RUDRAM with meaning|at=sec. Mantras}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Text-Anuvakam-1-11-devanagari-transliteration-translation.pdf|title=Rudram|website=vedaunion|page=anuvaka 8 of Namakam at page-22|access-date=}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Exposition-EN.pdf|title=sri rudram exposition (search for "namaḥ śivāya ca śivatarāya ca" in the pdf at page 3)|website=vedaunion.org|page=3}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.skandagurunatha.org/works/stothras/sri-rudram.pdf|title=sri-rudram|website=skandagurunatha.org|page=4}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.manblunder.com/articlesview/sri-rudram-introduction|title=Sri Rudram - Introduction}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/10818/which-verse-of-sri-rudram-of-yajurveda-has-the-word-shiva|title=which verse of sri rudram of yajurveda has word shiva (search as "Most importantly 1st verse of 8th Anuvaka mentions the word Shiva as")|website=hinduism.stackexchange}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Sri_Rudram|title=Sri Rudram|at=sec. Methods of Chanting Rudra}}
23. ^{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Presence of Siva|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjqfkgD6YCAC |year=1988|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0491-3|pages=71–73}}
24. ^For a full translation of the complete hymn see: Sivaramamurti (1976)
25. ^1 C Fuller (2001), Orality, literacy and memorisation: priestly education in contemporary south India, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 35, Issue 1, pages 14-15 with footnote 6

References

  • {{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= 0-521-43878-0|ref=Fl}}
  • {{cite book |last=Kramrisch |first=Stella |title=The Presence of Śiva |year=1981 |publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=0-691-01930-4 |ref=Kr}}
  • {{cite book |last=Sivaramamurti |first=C. |title=Śatarudrīya: Vibhūti of Śiva's Iconography |year=1976 |publisher= Abhinav Publications|location=Delhi }}

External links

{{Wikisourcepar|Shri Rudram Chamakam}}
  • Meanings and Commentaries on some of the anuvakas.
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZrDRjMAaFw Sri Rudram Namakam chamakam chanting Live Video from Sri Ramana Ashram]
{{Shaivism}}

4 : Sanskrit texts|Shaiva texts|Vedic hymns|Chants
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