| 词条 | M82 X-2 |
| 释义 |
| name = M82 X-2{{Starbox image | image = | caption = M82 X-2 glows pink in the X-ray spectrum at the center of Messier 82. M82 X-1 is to its right.{{sfn|Smith et al.|1995|p=204}}{{Starbox observe | epoch = J2000.0 | constell = Ursa Major | ra = {{RA|09|55|51.0}} | dec = {{DEC|69|40|45}} | appmag_v = {{Starbox astrometry | dist_ly = 12 million | dist_pc = 3.5 million{{Starbox catalog | names = CXOU J095550.9+694044, {{nowrap|NuSTAR J095551+6940.8}}{{Starbox reference | Simbad = CXOU+J095550.9%2B694044{{Starbox end}} M82 X-2 is an X-ray pulsar located in the galaxy Messier 82, approximately 12 million light-years from Earth. It is exceptionally luminous, radiating energy equivalent to approximately ten million Suns. This object is part of a binary system: If the pulsar is of an average size, {{solar mass|1.4|link=yes}}, then its companion is at least {{solar mass|5.2|link=yes}}.[2] On average, the pulsar rotates every 1.37 seconds, and revolves around its more massive companion every 2.5 days.{{sfn|Smith et al.|1995|p=202}} M82 X-2 is an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), shining about 100 times brighter than theory suggests something of its mass should be able to. Its brightness is many times higher than the Eddington limit, a basic physics guideline that sets an upper limit on the brightness that an object of a given mass should be able to achieve. Possible explanations for violations of the Eddington limit include geometrical effects arising from the funneling of in-falling material along magnetic field lines. While M82 X-2 was previously known as an X-ray source, it was not until an observation campaign to study the newly discovered supernova SN 2014J in January 2014 that X-2's true nature was uncovered.[3][4] Scientists looking at data from the NuSTAR spacecraft noticed a pulsing in the X-ray spectrum coming from near the supernova in Messier 82.[6] Data from the Chandra and Swift spacecraft was used to verify the NuSTAR findings and provide the necessary spatial resolution to determine the exact source.[2]{{sfn|Smith et al.|1995|p=202}} After combining the NuSTAR and Chandra data, scientists were able to discern that M82 X-2 emitted both an X-ray beam and continuous broad X-ray radiation.{{sfn|Smith et al.|1995|p=204}} References1. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.nasa.gov/chandra/news/ultraluminous_pulsar.html |title=Suspected Black Hole Unmasked as Ultraluminous Pulsar |publisher=NASA |first1=Janet |last1=Anderson |first2=Megan |last2=Watzke |date=8 October 2014 |accessdate=19 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016010015/http://www.nasa.gov/chandra/news/ultraluminous_pulsar.html |archivedate=16 October 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }} [1][2][3][4]2. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-s-nustar-telescope-discovers-shockingly-bright-dead-star/ |title=NASA's NuStar Telescope Discovers Shockingly Bright Dead Star |publisher=NASA |first1=Felicia |last1=Chou |first2=Whitney |last2=Clavin |date=8 October 2014 |accessdate=26 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026171350/http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-s-nustar-telescope-discovers-shockingly-bright-dead-star/ |archivedate=26 October 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }} 3. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.caltech.edu/content/nustar-discovers-impossibly-bright-dead-star |title=NuSTAR Discovers Impossibly Bright Dead Star |publisher=Caltech |first=Kimm |last=Fesenmaier |date=8 October 2014 |accessdate=19 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016040751/http://www.caltech.edu/content/nustar-discovers-impossibly-bright-dead-star |archivedate=16 October 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }} 4. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.futurity.org/pulsar-bright-779792/ |title=Pulsar as bright as 10 million suns baffles astronomers |work=Futurity |first=Kimm |last=Fesenmaier |date=9 October 2014 |accessdate=19 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020052208/http://www.futurity.org/pulsar-bright-779792/ |archivedate=20 October 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }} }} Bibliography
4 : X-ray pulsars|X-ray binaries|Ursa Major (constellation)|Unsolved problems in physics |
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