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词条 Madura Station
释义

  1. Description

  2. History

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Use Australian English|date=December 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}{{Location map|Western Australia|label=Madura Station
|position=left
|lat_deg=31.88347|lat_dir=S
|lon_deg=127.02353|lon_dir=E
|caption=Location in Western Australia}}

Madura Station also known as Madura Plains is a pastoral lease and sheep station located about {{convert|700|km|mi|0}} east south east of Kalgoorlie in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. It is within the locality of Madura and the Eyre Highway runs along the boundary of the station.

Description

The station occupies an area of approximately {{convert|7082|km2|sqmi|0}} or 1.75 million acres – making it larger than the nation of Brunei – in the remote south east of Western Australia.[1][2] It is the second largest sheep station in Australia, after Rawlinna and is currently owned by CC Cooper & Co.[3]

In 1927, the extent of the Madura Station was reported as two million acres.[4]

The station has a carrying capacity of 58,000 sheep, which are merinos raised for their wool. The company employed eight staff in 2012 working under the supervision of the station manager, Matt Haines.[1]

The land is mostly gently undulating calcareous plains with eucalypt–melaleuca–myall woodlands and chenopod shrubland interspersed with saltbush shrubland and bindii grassland.[5] Many caves can be found amongst the limestone bedrock of the Nullarbor Plain.[6]

History

The traditional owners of the area are the Mirning people, whose territory stretched across the Nullarbor and into South Australia.[7]

Europeans settled the area in 1876 to breed horses, which were sent to India to be used by the British Army.[8] The first recorded lease encompassing the old homestead was by G.Heinzmann for a period of one year; the lease was not renewed for 1878.

The station underwent significant improvements through 1884, including the addition of fencing and water tanks. Bores were sunk and brackish water was found and then drilled through in the hope of finding permanent freshwater.[9]

In 1888 the Madura Squatting and Investment Company was floated to raise £100,000 capital to take over the leasehold, and many surrounding blocks to have a total usable area of over 4 million acres or {{convert|6250|sqmi|sqkm|0}}. The property included a good homestead and a well provisioned store. The property had been recently depastured and was only carrying 800 merino ewes and a few horses.[10]

The Ponton brothers and John Sharp were the next to take up the lease in 1898, when the property was known as Clifton Downs Station.[11]

A rabbit plague swept through the area and continued westward in 1901. William Ponton reported that millions of rabbits were already between Eucla and Nullarbor.[12]

Shortly afterward Mr A. J. Talbot took over the property, along with Mundrabilla Station. Talbot was also raising mostly cattle along with horses as well as a small herd of camels at Madura. The artesian bores were pumping {{convert|37000|impgal|l}} per day from a depth of {{convert|2200|ft|m|0}} to water stock.[13] Cattle from Madura were routinely being overlanded to the Kalgoorlie saleyards.[14]

In 1927 the Madura Pastoral and Settlement Company successfully acquired 5 million acres {{convert|7812|sqmi|sqkm|0}} around Madura Station with the intention of developing it for settlement. The company wanted the federal government to spend £100,000 on dog-proof fencing and water boring to make over 15 million acres of land able to carry an additional one million sheep that would be able to produce an additional 30,000 bales of wool.[15] The station changed hands at some point around the same time and was owned by Mr Charles Bowen from 1927[16] to 1932 when he became ill and was no longer able to operate the rationing depot for the department of Aboriginal Protection.[17]

Several hundred brumbies were roaming Madura station in 1933 along with a substantial herd of wild cattle. The station owners erected trap and stockyards at an artesian bore that had been flowing continuously for 28 years. Other men from the district had come and had caught over 300 of the horses which were taken and sold. The bore was also a stopping place for overlanders with the warm water making it a popular bathing place.[18]

The area experienced heavy rains in 1934 resulting in boggy roads under {{convert|2|ft|m|1}} of water.[19]

The station manager, Mr W O'Donovan had to be evacuated by an emergency flight by Goldfields Airways using a new Fox Moth airplane when he was dangerously ill in 1935. A doctor was on board and O'Donovan was flown to Kalgoorlie for treatment.[20] O'Donovan died the following day as a result of an internal haemorrhage.[21]

The acting manager and former stockman, Michael O'Brien, was charged with cattle stealing in 1937. O'Brien had taken 102 cattle to Loongana and put another brand on them before selling them, he defended himself saying that the Melbourne based company had not paid him any wages since the death of O'Donovan.[22]

In 1939 flooding occurred in areas around the station and Madura recorded {{convert|1|in|mm|0}} of rain filling dams and weirs. Strong winds blew down many trees causing problems on roads in the area.[23]

The station had been the target of thieves and vandals in 1940 prompting the station owners wife to carry a revolver whenever her husband was away. Sign-posts and water tanks had been damaged, articles had been stolen and even the homestead had been burnt down by a party of overlanders.[24] The manager at the time, Robert Mackie, was often away overlanding himself and often reported on the road conditions in the area, particularly the Madura Pass.

1941 saw heavy rains in the area with {{convert|3|in|mm|0}} of rain being recorded at the homestead. Mackie reported that {{convert|300|yd|m|0}} of the pass being washed away making it impossible for even camels to traverse.[25]

Four young men were arrested at Madura in 1947 after they stole a car in Norseman, some {{convert|350|mi|km|0}} to the west of Madura, and made for the South Australian border before their car broke down near the homestead. They fled into the bush but were found by Aboriginal trackers and apprehended by police.[26]

The station was gripped by drought in 1948 with 400 cattle dying as a result of lack of feed. The remaining herd of about 500 was to be driven to Loongana to look for feed and water.[27]

Rumours were rife in the press that the station had been abandoned in 1949, after several travellers found dead crows and rabbits around the homestead.[28] Mackie denied the claims saying he was in Kalgoorlie for an extended business trip.[29] Later the same year the Reverend Sopher, his wife and five children arrived at Madura to set up a home and school for Aboriginal children under the auspices of the Australian Aborigines Evangelistal Mission.[30] A few months later Mrs Sopher was badly burnt when a spark from the oven set her dress alight, she then had to endure the long trip to Norseman hospital for treatment.[31]

In 1950 the mission was issued a writ claiming damages for breach of contract on behalf of Madura Ltd. concerning the sale of the station to the mission.[32] Later the same year Mackie began to convert the homestead into a stopping place following six years of drought. Although some heavy rains had fallen they were too far apart to be of any use and the station had virtually no stock left on it.[33] Petrol pumps were installed and the homestead was converted to a motel-hotel,[34] with a liquor licence granted later the same year.[35]

Mackie was taken to hospital in 1951 with heart troubles[36] and the station was sold later the same year to a group of developers who were to turn the area into a tourist resort.[37]

In the 1960s the Birmingham family (Charlie Carter's grocery chain) held the lease, and the station manager was Brian O'Connor - brother of the politician Ray O'Connor.

The Jumbuck Pastoral Company acquired Madura in 1987,[1] adding it to the neighbouring Moonera and began sub-dividing large paddocks and installing extra windmills and water points. Matt Haines was appointed manager in 2011; in the same year 30,000 sheep were shorn producing 850 bales of wool. This followed a good season where the property received {{convert|17|in|mm|0}} of rain, nearly double the annual average.[38]

In 2012 a fire burned for three days near Madura covering the Eyre Highway in smoke. Over {{convert|300|ha|acre|0}} of bushland was consumed by the blaze.[39]

Madura Plains Station was purchased by CC Cooper & Co, Jamestown, South Australia from Jumbuck Pastoral in February 2016 for {{AUD}}10 million.[40]

See also

  • List of ranches and stations
  • List of the largest stations in Australia

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.jumbuckpastoral.com/pages/stations/Madura.html|title=Madura|publisher=Jumbuck Pastoral|year=2012|accessdate=21 February 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409182057/http://www.jumbuckpastoral.com/pages/stations/madura.html|archivedate=9 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/populations/ctyareal.htm|title=Countries of the World (by largest land area, including indigenous water)|work=World Atlas|year=2012|accessdate=24 February 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-19/david-cooper-buys-madura-plains-sheep-station-wa/7098216|title=Madura Plains sheep station in Western Australia sells to the Cooper family from South Australia for a reported $10 million|accessdate=24 June 2015|date=10 January 2016|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d45VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MZYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4995,932345&dq=madura-station&hl=en|title=Madura Station—2,000,000 Acres|date=20 July 1927|work=The Sydney Mail|accessdate=22 February 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/lwe/rpm/techbull97_nullarbor_part8_appendices.pdf|title=Appendices Station Summaries|publisher=Government of Western Australia|date=31 March 2011|accessdate=22 February 2013}}
6. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41840293 |title=Underground Caves|newspaper=The Cairns Post |location=Queensland|date=3 February 1938 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=11 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://aija.org.au/Aboriginal%20Benchbook%202nd%20Ed/Chapter%204.pdf|title=Aboriginal People in Western Australia|publisher=|date=6 August 2008|accessdate=21 February 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029050022/http://aija.org.au/Aboriginal%20Benchbook%202nd%20Ed/Chapter%204.pdf|archivedate=29 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.exploreaustralia.net.au/Western-Australia/Esperance-and-Nullarbor/Madura|title=Madura|publisher=Explore Australia|year=2012|accessdate=21 February 2013}}
9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71999275 |title=The Eucla Country |newspaper=The Inquirer & Commercial News |location=Perth|date=23 July 1884 |accessdate=22 February 2013 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article6109240 |title=Advertising.|newspaper=The Argus|location=Melbourne|date=12 March 1888 |accessdate=22 February 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/lwe/rpm/techbull97_nullarbor_part1_introduction_and_revew.pdf|title=Technical Bulletin No.97: An inventory and condition survey of the Western Australian part of the Nullarbor region|publisher=Government of Western Australia|date=1 December 2010|accessdate=22 February 2013}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14381591 |title=Western Australia|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |location=New South Wales|date=5 January 1901 |accessdate=22 February 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92591163 |title=The Bight Country|newspaper=Kalgoorlie Miner |location=Western Australia|date=27 July 1912 |accessdate=22 February 2013 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article93727782|title=Advertising|newspaper=Kalgoorlie Miner|location=Western Australia|date=3 October 1925 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=7 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article78901591 |title=Our open spaces |newspaper=The Daily News |location=Perth |date=13 July 1927 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
16. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article74307782 |title=General Notes|newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=9 July 1927 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=11 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
17. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32660033 |title=South coast natives |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=2 March 1932 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=10 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article74022689 |title=Ceduna men trap brumbies|newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide|date=12 July 1933 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=8 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32955341 |title=Overland to Adelaide|newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth|date=3 July 1934 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=17 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
20. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32871298 |title=Doctor's emergency flight |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=11 July 1935 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=18 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
21. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32869159 |title=Pastoralist's death|newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth|date=24 July 1935 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=19 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
22. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601711 |title=Station manager charged|newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth|date=24 December 1937|accessdate=23 February 2013|page=17|publisher=National Library of Australia}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76061759 |title=Kalgoorlie Mines Reopen Monday.|newspaper=The Mirror |location=Perth|date=21 January 1939 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=1 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
24. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58968119 |title=Truth about the Track. |newspaper=Sunday Times |location=Perth|date=18 February 1940 |accessdate=23 February 2013 |page=24 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
25. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article83022161 |title=Trans Tack Now Unusable.|newspaper=The Daily News |location=Perth|date=1 May 1941|accessdate=24 February 2013|page=21|publisher=National Library of Australia}}
26. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46280382 |title=Four arrests at Madura |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth|date=2 May 1947|accessdate=24 February 2013|page=15 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
27. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59487310 |title=Drought Brings Cattle Losses. |newspaper=Sunday Times |location=Perth|date=10 October 1948 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=7 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
28. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47657655 |title=Harrowing sight for desert travellers|newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=16 April 1949 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
29. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95741363 |title=Eyre Highway|newspaper=Kalgoorlie Miner |location=Western Australia |date=21 April 1949 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
30. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47665641 |title=New native mission |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=26 May 1949 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
31. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39093756 |title=State news summary |newspaper=Western Mail |location=Perth |date=22 September 1949 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=14|publisher=National Library of Australia}}
32. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47839403 |title=Claim for damages |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=3 April 1950 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
33. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47872689 |title=Six years of drought |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth|date=4 July 1950 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=12 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
34. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95748306 |title=Modern hotel |newspaper=Kalgoorlie Miner |location=Western Australia |date=23 September 1950 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
35. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47892439 |title=Liquor Licence granted for Madura station. |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=17 October 1950 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
36. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59596278 |title=Goldfields Personals. |newspaper=Sunday Times |location=Perth|date=14 January 1951 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=27 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
37. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55858404 |title=Tourist plans for Madura. |newspaper=The Mail |location=Adelaide |date=24 February 1951 |accessdate=24 February 2013 |page=46 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jumbuckpastoral.com/files/news-july2011.pdf|title=Jumbuck News | issue=10 | volume=2|date=1 July 2011|accessdate=24 February 2013|publisher=Jumbuck Pastoral Company}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/14761687/fire-rages-on-at-madura-station/|title=Fire rages on at Madura Station|date=5 September 2012|accessdate=24 February 2013|work=The West Australian}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-19/david-cooper-buys-madura-plains-sheep-station-wa/7098216|title=Madura Plains sheep station in Western Australia sells to the Cooper family from South Australia for a reported $10 million|accessdate=24 June 2015|date=10 January 2016|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}
{{Coord|31.8835|S|127.0235|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:AU-WA|display=title}}{{Stations of the Goldfields-Esperance Western Australia}}

4 : Pastoral leases in Western Australia|Goldfields-Esperance|Stations (Australian agriculture)|Nullarbor Plain
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