| 词条 | Sicco Mansholt | ||||||||
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = His Excellency |name = Sicco Mansholt |image = Sicco Mansholt 1974 (1).jpg |imagesize = 250px |caption = Sicco Mansholt in 1974 |office = 4th President of the European Commission |term_start = 1 March 1972 |term_end = 5 January 1973 |vicepresident = Wilhelm Haferkamp |predecessor = Franco Maria Malfatti |successor = François-Xavier Ortoli |office1 = European Commissioner for Agriculture |term_start1 = 1 January 1958 |term_end1 = 22 March 1972 |president1 = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Walter Hallstein (1958–1967) Jean Rey (1967–1970) Franco Maria Malfatti (1970–1972)}} |predecessor1 = Office established |successor1 = Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza |office2 = Minister of Economic Affairs |term_start2 = 14 January 1948 |term_end2 = 20 January 1948 Ad interim |primeminister2 = Louis Beel |predecessor2 = Gerardus Huysmans |successor2 = Jan van den Brink |office3 = Member of the House of Representatives |term_start3 = 3 July 1956 |term_end3 = 3 October 1956 |term_start4 = 15 July 1952 |term_end4 = 7 September 1952 |term_start5 = 27 July 1948 |term_end5 = 10 August 1948 |term_start6 = 4 June 1946 |term_end6 = 18 July 1946 |parliamentarygroup6= Labour Party |office7 = Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies |term_start7 = 25 June 1945 |term_end7 = 1 January 1958 |primeminister7 = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Willem Schermerhorn (1945–1946) Louis Beel (1946–1948) Willem Drees (1948–1958)}} |predecessor7 = Hans Gispen as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture Jim de Booy as Minister of Shipping and Fisheries |successor7 = Kees Staf (Ad interim) |office8 = Mayor of Wieringermeer |term_start8 = 30 April 1945 |term_end8 = 22 May 1945 Ad interim |predecessor8 = Aris Saal |successor8 = Gerrit Gesenius Loggers |birthname = Sicco Leendert Mansholt |birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|09|13|df=y}} |birth_place = Ulrum, Netherlands |death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|06|29|1908|09|13|df=y}} |death_place = Wapserveen, Netherlands |resting_place = Westerveld, Netherlands |nationality = Dutch |party = Labour Party (from 1946) |otherparty = Social Democratic Workers' Party (1937–1946) |spouse = {{marriage|Henny Postel|1938|29 June 1995|reason=his death}} |children = 2 sons and 2 daughters |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = Politician · Civil servant · Farmer |signature = |website = }} Sicco Leendert Mansholt ({{IPA-nl|ˈsɪkoː ˈleːndərt ˈmɑnsɦɔlt}}; 13 September 1908 – 29 June 1995) was a Dutch politician who served as the 4th President of the European Commission from 1972 to 1973. He is recognised as one of the founding fathers of the European Union. He served as European Commissioner for Agriculture from 1958 to 1972, Minister of Agriculture, Fishing and Food Supply from 1945 to 1958, Minister of Economic Affairs in 1948 and Acting Mayor of Wieringermeer in 1945. He was a member of the Member of the House of Representatives on several occasions. A member of the Labour Party (PvdA), Mansholt was a farmer who entered politics in the late 1930s. During World War II, when the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany, he was involved in the Dutch Resistance and witnessed the Dutch famine of 1944. After the war, he was offered a position as Minister of Agriculture, Fishing, and Food Supply (1945–1958). He later became European Commissioner for Agriculture (1958–1972), and fourth President of the European Commission (1972–1973). He was one of the architects of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. Early life and studiesSicco Leendert Mansholt was born on 13 September 1908 in Ulrum, Groningen, Netherlands.[1] Mansholt came from a socialist farmer's family in the Dutch province of Groningen. Both his father and grandfather were supporters of early socialist leaders such as Multatuli, Domela Nieuwenhuis, and Troelstra. His father, Lambertus H. Mansholt, was a delegate for the socialist SDAP party in the Groningen provincial chamber. His mother, Wabien Andreae, daughter of a judge in Heerenveen, was one of the first women to have studied Political Science. She organised political meetings for other women, usually in their own homes. Together with two brothers and two sisters, Mansholt was raised at "Huis ter Aa," a grand villa in Glimmen.[2] He attended the HBS-school in Groningen and after that went to Deventer, to the School of Tropical Agriculture,[1] where he studied to become a tobacco farmer. AgricultureHe moved to Java in the Dutch East Indies, nowadays Indonesia, and started work on a tea plantation. He returned to the Netherlands in 1936, unhappy with the colonial system. He wanted to become a farmer and moved to the Wieringermeer, a polder, reclaimed in 1937. There he started his own farm. He married Henny J. Postel in 1938, and they had two sons and two daughters.[1] In the years of the Second World War he was an active member of the Resistance. He helped people who were in acute danger to hide in the Wieringermeerpolder; he organised clandestine food distributions for the western provinces. PoliticsLocal politicsMansholt became a member of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) in 1937,[1] as a secretary of the local party. He had several public functions for the SDAP in Wieringermeer, including that of acting mayor of the Wieringermeer community. Minister of AgricultureImmediately after the war, in June 1945, socialist Labour Party (PvdA) Prime Minister Schermerhorn asked him to take a seat in his cabinet as minister of Agriculture, Fishery and Food Distribution. He was the youngest member of a cabinet, aged only 36. He was a member of 6 cabinets in total: Schermerhorn-Drees in 1945; Beel in 1946; Drees-Van Schaik in 1948, and another three Drees administrations: 1951, 1952 and 1956. As Minister of Agriculture during this time, he was one of the key architects of the EC's Common Agricultural Policy. In 1954 the parliamentary debate about the budget for the Department of Agriculture was postponed: the Minister was ice-skating the 200 kilometer long Elfstedentocht in the Dutch province of Friesland, which he skated twice in his life. European CommissionIn 1958, he became one of the Commissioners of the new European Commission. He was Commissioner for Agriculture and vice-president of the institution. He modernized European agriculture. E. F. Schumacher is his book, 'Small is Beautiful' argues against The Mansholt Plan[3]. He became President of the European Commission on 22 March 1972 (Mansholt Commission) and continued in that position until 5 January 1973. It was around that time he was heavily under the influence of Club of Rome. Life after politicsMansholt published his autobiography De Crisis (The Crisis) in 1974.[1] He lived his last years in an old historic farm in the quiet village of Wapserveen, where he died on 29 June 1995.[1] His daughter Lideke also died in 1995, aged 53. Decorations
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{nl icon}} Dr. S.L. (Sicco) Mansholt, Parlement & Politiek. Retrieved on 10 February 2014. 2. ^{{nl icon}} Albert F. Mellink, "Mansholt, Lambertus Helprig", Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbeweging in Nederland, 1986. Retrieved 7 August 2015. 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ditext.com/schumacher/small/2.html#2|title=(Type a title for your page here)|website=www.ditext.com|access-date=2019-03-21}} External links{{Commons category}}
| title = Minister of Agriculture, Fishing and Food Supply of the Netherlands | years = 1945–1958 | before = Hans Gispen (Trade, Industry, and Agriculture) Jim de Booy (Shipping and Fishing) | after = Kees Staf }}{{succession box | title = Minister of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands | years = 1948 | before = Gerardus Huysmans | after = Jan van den Brink }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title = Acting Mayor of Wieringermeer | years = 1945 | before = Aris Saal | after = Gerrit Gesenius Loggers }}{{succession box | title = Dutch European Commissioner | years = 1958–1973 | with = Maan Sassen (1967–1971) | before = Office created | after = Pierre Lardinois }}{{succession box | title = European Commissioner for Agriculture | years = 1958–1972 | before = Office created | after = Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza }}{{succession box | title = President of the European Commission | years = 1972–1973 | before = Franco Maria Malfatti | after = François-Xavier Ortoli }}{{end}}{{Presidents of European Commissions}}{{European Commissioners from the Netherlands}}{{Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands}}{{Ministers of Agriculture of the Netherlands}}{{Hallstein Commission I}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mansholt, Sicco}} 18 : 1908 births|1995 deaths|Dutch European Commissioners|Dutch farmers|Dutch Resistance members|Dutch civil servants|Dutch humanists|Dutch expatriates in Indonesia|European integration pioneers|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands) politicians|Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians|Mayors of Wieringermeer|Ministers of Agriculture of the Netherlands|Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands|Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)|People from De Marne|People from Westerveld|Presidents of the European Commission |
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