| 词条 | Sicilian Defence, Smith–Morra Gambit |
| 释义 |
|openingname = Smith–Morra Gambit |image = {{Chess diagram|| |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pd|pl| | | | | |pl| | | | | |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl }} |moves = 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3 |ECO = B20 or B21{{refn|The latest (2002) edition of the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings, volume B, classifies all lines beginning 1.e4 c5 2.d4, including the Smith–Morra Gambit, under B20.[1] However, Chess Informant gives B21 as the code for 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3 in its guide to the ECO opening codes provided on its website[2] and has classified games featuring the Smith–Morra Gambit under B21 in its more recent publications.[3]|group=lower-alpha}} |birth = |nameorigin = Ken Smith Pierre Morra |parentopening = Sicilian Defence |AKA = Morra Gambit |chessgid = 1038331&move=3.5&moves=e4.c5.d4.cxd4.c3&nodes=21720.32033.38142.38143.1038331 }} In chess, the Smith–Morra Gambit (or simply Morra Gambit) is an opening gambit against the Sicilian Defence distinguished by the moves: 1. e4 c5 2. d4 cxd4 3. c3 White sacrifices a pawn to {{chessgloss|development|develop}} quickly and create attacking chances. In exchange for the gambit pawn, White has a piece developed after 4.Nxc3 and a pawn in the center, while Black has an extra pawn and a central pawn majority. The plan for White is straightforward and consists of placing the bishop on c4 to attack the f7-square, and controlling both the c- and d-{{chessgloss|file|files}} with rooks, taking advantage of the fact that Black can hardly find a suitable place to post the queen. The Smith–Morra is uncommon in grandmaster games, but is popular at club level.[4] Despite this, the Smith Morra does not have a definitive refutation. {{algebraic notation|pos=toc}}HistoryThe Smith–Morra is named after Pierre Morra (1900–1969) from France,[5] and Ken Smith (1930–1999) of the Dallas Chess Club.[6] Hence in Europe the name Morra Gambit is preferred; names like Tartakower Gambit and Matulovic Gambit have disappeared. Morra published a booklet and several articles about the Smith–Morra around 1950. Smith wrote a total of nine books and forty-nine articles about the gambit. When Smith participated in an international tournament against several top grandmasters in San Antonio in 1972, he essayed the opening three times, against Donald Byrne, Larry Evans, and Henrique Mecking, but lost all three games. Many players consider the opening amateurish. Marc Esserman is one of its leading advocates today. Continuations overviewBlack has a wide choice of reasonable defences after 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3. White sometimes plays 2.Nf3 and 3.c3, which depending on Black's response may rule out certain lines. Morra Gambit Accepted: 3...dxc3 {{anchor|Morra Gambit Accepted}}4.Nxc3
4.Bc4This line is similar to the Danish Gambit: 4...cxb2 5.Bxb2 Morra Gambit Declined
The latter has a bad reputation, as square c3 is free for the knight. Still 5...Nf6 (5...e5; 5...Nc6 6.Nf3 e5) 6.Nf3 e6 7.Nc3 Qd6 is likely to transpose to a main line of the Alapin: 2.c3 d5 3.exd5 Qxd5 4.d4 e6 5.Nf3 Nf6 6.Bd3 Nc6 7.0-0 cxd4 8.cxd4 Be7 9.Nc3 Qd6. See also
Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^{{cite book | last1=Krnic |first1=Zdenko |last2=Matanovic |first2=Aleksandar |authorlink2=Aleksandar Matanović | year=2002 | title=Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings, volume B | edition=4th | location=Belgrade | publisher=Chess Informant | isbn=978-8672970500}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chessinformant.org/content/eco-codes.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings Classification Code Index |publisher=Chess Informant |accessdate=1 July 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book |author= |editor-last=Matanovic |editor-first=Aleksandar |title=Chess Informant 118 |location=Belgrade |publisher=Chess Informant |page=195 |year=2013 |isbn=978-8672970685}} 4. ^http://chess.about.com/od/openings/ss/Sicilian_2.htm 5. ^Chess Notes by Edward Winter, entry 3953 ("Morra") 6. ^Kenneth Ray Smith (1930–1999) Obituary at the US Chess Federation Further reading
| author=Flesch, János | year=1981 | title=The Morra (Smith) Gambit | publisher=Batsford | isbn=0-7134-2188-6 | authorlink=János Flesch}}
| author=Burgess, Graham | title=Winning with the Smith–Morra Gambit | publisher=Batsford | year=1994 | isbn=0805035745 | authorlink=Graham Burgess}}
| author=Pálkövi, Jószef | year=2000 | title=Morra Gambit | publisher=Caissa Chess Books}}
| author=Langrock, Hannes | year=2006 | title=The Modern Morra Gambit | publisher=Russell Enterprises | isbn=1-888690-32-1}} External links
2 : Chess openings|1950 in chess |
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