“Mahari dance”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mahari dance is nearly a thousand years old with dance having been an integral part of the daily rituals at the Jagannath temple of Puri since the time of Ganga rulers of Utkala. In the twelfth century, Chodaganga Deva gave the dance a legal status, establishing new localities for the maharis to stay and introduced new ceremonies for the deity.^[3] The classical dance form of Odissi has its roots in the Mahari dance while the Gotipua dance originated as an offshoot of the Mahari tradition when it went into decline in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.^[4]^[5] The Gotipua and the Mahari dances were patronized by Ramachandra, the Raja of Khurda and it is from his time that the devadasis who until then were attached only to temples came to be patronized by royal courts. With the abolition of the devadasi system in independent India, Mahari dance entered a period of steady decline. Its revival and adaptation for stage performances are credited to the late Odissi doyen Guru Pankaj Charan Das.^[1] The Odissi dancer Rupashri Mohapatra, a disciple of Pankaj Das, has also played a notable role in reviving Mahari.^[6] The dance was once taught exclusively to the maharis of the Jagannath Temple. The last of the professional maharis was Sashimani Devi.^[7]^[8]

Maharis

Maharis were the temple dancers or devadasis of the Jagannath Temple at Puri and the dance takes its name after them.^[1] According to legend, Lord Jagannath enjoys a mahari dance recital before retiring to bed at night and the dancers performed the dance for his satisfaction. The maharis were given grants of land for their sustenance and they in turn behaved as the deity's spouse, singing and dancing the Gita Govinda of Jayadeva to please him. The deity himself used to be dressed up in specially woven saris containing verses from the Govinda weaved into them and the mahari, dressed in special jewelry and decked with flowers, performed exclusively for the deity.^[9]^[10] The term mahari stands for maha-nari meaning 'great lady'. The Maharis performed exclusively for the deity in the sanctum sanctorum as part of the daily rituals at the temple and occasionally at temple processions.^[11] In earlier times the maharis enjoyed a place of esteem in society and girls from elite families took it up as a respectable profession. The Maharis belonged to six groups namely Bhitara Gauni, Bahara Gauni, Nachuani, Patuari, Raj Angila, Gahana Mahari and Rudra Ganika.^[3] Since the abolition of the devadasi system, the dance has been discontinued at the Jagannath Temple.^[2]

Mahari Award

The Mahari Award is an award instituted by Guru Pankaj Charan Odissi Research Foundation. In 2012, it was awarded to the Odissi dancer Minati Pradhan.^[12]

References

1. ^¹²{{cite news|title=An effort to popularise Mahari dance tradition|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/an-effort-to-popularise-mahari-dance-tradition/article3934280.ece?css=print|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=September 25, 2012}}
2. ^¹{{cite news|title=Giving the young a chance|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/08/stories/2007060851040200.htm|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=June 8, 2007}}
3. ^¹{{cite web|title=A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ODISSI DANCE|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/articles/article38.html|publisher=Narthaki|accessdate=7 February 2013}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=Seminar on Mahari dance|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/23/stories/2011052352640300.htm|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=May 23, 2011}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Spellbinding act|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/dance/spellbinding-act/article625023.ece|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=September 10, 2010}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Devadasi fest delights audience|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/10/24/stories/2008102450140200.htm|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=October 24, 2008}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Dancers pay tribute to guru|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110906/jsp/orissa/story_14468588.jsp|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=September 6, 2011}}
8. ^{{cite news |author= |agency= |title=Sashimani Devi, Last of India’s Jagannath Temple Dancers, Dies at 92 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/24/world/asia/sashimani-devi-last-of-indias-jagannath-temple-ritual-dancers-dies-at-92.html?module=WatchingPortal®ion=c-column-middle-span-region&pgType=Homepage&action=click&mediaId=wide&state=standard&contentPlacement=1&version=internal&contentCollection=www.nytimes.com&contentId=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F24%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fsashimani-devi-last-of-indias-jagannath-temple-ritual-dancers-dies-at-92.html&eventName=Watching-article-click |quote=Sashimani Devi, the last ritual dancer at the Jagannath Temple in eastern India, died on Thursday in the city of Puri, bringing an end to a centuries-old tradition that was condemned as exploitative by social reformers, Victorian missionaries and the leaders of independent India. She was 92. ... |newspaper=New York Times |date=March 23, 2015 |accessdate=2015-03-23 }}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Why deny the Lord - Reintroduce temple dance ritual and spread it to other shrines|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110509/jsp/orissa/story_13957878.jsp|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=May 9, 2011}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Danseuse steps in to revive Mahari|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110519/jsp/orissa/story_13997791.jsp|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=May 19, 2011}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Of dancers wedded to the Lord|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/of-dancers-wedded-to-the-lord/article4094470.ece|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=November 14, 2012}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Mahari award to be presented to Minati Pradhan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article2983988.ece|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=March 11, 2012}}

History

Maharis

Mahari Award

References