| 词条 | Sidney Shachnow |
| 释义 |
| name = Sidney Shachnow | birth_date = {{birth date|1934|11|23}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|9|27|1934|11|23}} | birth_place = Kaunas, Lithuania | death_place = Southern Pines, North Carolina, U.S. | placeofburial = Arlington National Cemetery | image = Sidney Shachnow.jpg | caption = Maj. Gen. Sidney Shachnow, USA | nickname = | allegiance = United States of America | branch = United States Army | serviceyears = 1955–1994 | rank = Major General | commands = U.S. Army Berlin John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School | unit = | battles = Vietnam War | awards = Combat Infantryman Badge Silver Star Purple Heart Bronze Star | relations = | laterwork = }} Sidney Shachnow ({{birth date|1934|11|23}} – {{death date|2018|9|27}}) was a Jewish American Holocaust survivor who attained the rank of Major General in United States Army.[1] He retired in 1994, after 39 years of active service. BiographySurviving the concentration campSid Shachnow was born in Kaunas, Lithuania on November 23, 1934. At the age of seven, Shachnow was imprisoned in the Kovno Ghetto during World War II because his family was Jewish. For three years, he endured brutalities and lost almost every single one of his extended family members. To increase his prospects of survival, young Shachnow performed heavy manual labor under harsh conditions. He narrowly escaped death only days before Kovno's gruesome "Children's Action", of March 27–28, 1944, when Nazi troops rounded up all children in the camp and marched them to The Ninth Fort for execution or to Auschwitz to be gassed. After escaping the ghetto, Shachnow lived in hiding for months, almost dying from starvation and malnutrition. Shachnow fled west after the Soviets liberated Kovno from the Nazis and began to implement Communism. His 2,000 mile, six-month journey across Europe, mostly on foot, took him across Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria, and finally to American occupied Nuremberg, Germany where he hoped to obtain a visa to the United States. To make a living in war-torn Nuremberg, Shachnow resorted to pirating black market contraband such as nylon stockings and chocolate. It was during this time that he learned to speak German. A new life in the new worldIn 1950, Shachnow obtained a visa and immigrated to Salem, Massachusetts where he attended school for the first time in his life. He taught himself English, worked his way through school and just before graduation he enlisted in the U.S. Army. As a Sergeant First Class, he entered Officer Candidate School and received his commission in the U.S. Army Infantry. Special ForcesIn 1962 he volunteered for the United States Army Special Forces, also known as the "Green Berets", where he served for the next thirty-two years. After joining Special Forces, Shachnow was promoted to Captain and assigned as Commander of Detachment A-121, at Vietnam's An Long Camp near the Cambodian border along the Mekong River. After VietnamIn the 1970s he served as Commander of Det-A (Detachment A...a detachment being the basic SF operational unit), Berlin Brigade, a clandestine unit of Cold War* Green Beret commandos on high alert 24-hours a day. This covert unit was made up of selectively trained and language qualified members of Special Forces, as well as many Eastern European immigrants who brought much needed culture, geographical and language skills to the assignment. Their missions were classified; they dressed in civilian clothing made in East and West Germany, and carried appropriate non-American documentation and identification. Within Special Forces, they were referred to as "Stay Behind" Teams, the detachments that would stay behind if the Soviet Union ever attacked the West. Their mission was the traditional SF mission, that of Unconventional Warfare (UW), to aid those who were subjugated by an occupying force, and assist those who would rebel against the Soviets (...to teach indigenous people basic warfare tactics and weapons use, and lead them in operations against the enemy, conducting guerrilla warfare). Many of its members later went on to help form Delta Force (Det A did not itself become Delta Force). Shachnow's status grew as Special Forces grew, rising to the rank of Major General, receiving both a masters and an honorary doctoral degree along the way. He traveled the world, from Vietnam to the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Korea and back to Germany for the fall of the Berlin Wall. EducationFor a time, Shachnow attended the Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology in Boston. While in the Army, he earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Nebraska. He also earned a Master of Science in public administration from Shippensburg State College in Pennsylvania. He also graduated from the Executive Management Program at Harvard University. RetirementSidney Shachnow is an honorary member of Rotary Club Berlin-Luftbruecke (Berlin-Airlift) since March 13, 1990. In 2004, Shachnow authored Hope and Honor, an autobiographical account of his childhood experience in the Nazi Kovno concentration camp of Lithuania, his immigration and assimilation to the United States and his 40-year career in the U.S. Army, Special Forces. Shachnow was inducted as a Distinguished Member of the Special Forces Regiment in 2007.[2] PoliticsOn September 6, 2016 he endorsed Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump,[3] though he was publicly critical of some of Trump's foreign policy proposals.[4] DeathShachnow, who lived with his wife, Arlene, in Southern Pines, North Carolina, died on September 28, 2018.[2] Service historyAssignments and commandsMaj. Gen. Shachnow's past assignments have been as commander or staff officer with Infantry, Mechanized Infantry, Airmobile, Airborne and Special Forces units. Gen. Shachnow's most recent assignments include:
Awards and honorsMaj. Gen. Shachnow is the recipient of:
References
1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/06/science/holocaust-survivors-had-skills-to-prosper.html|title=Holocaust Survivors Had Skills To Prosper|last=Goleman|first=Daniel|date=1992-10-06|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=23 January 2010}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shachnow, Sidney}}2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.fayobserver.com/news/20181002/maj-gen-sidney-shachnow-special-forces-legend-holocaust-survivor-has-died |title=Maj. Gen. Sidney Shachnow, Special Forces legend, Holocaust survivor, has died |last=Brooks |first=Drew |date=October 2, 2018 |website=Fayetteville Observer |publisher= |access-date=October 2, 2018}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-receives-endorsements-from-88-military-leaders-1473192075|title=Donald Trump Receives Endorsement of 88 Military Leaders|last=Reinhard|first=beth|date=2016-09-06|publisher=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=6 September 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news |last1=Caldwell |first1=Leigh Ann |title=Trump Said ‘Take the Oil’ From Iraq. Can He? |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-said-take-oil-can-he-n645021 |publisher=NBC News |accessdate=3 October 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a256887.pdf|title=U.S. Department Of Defense General/Flag Officer Worldwide Roster, p.34, September 1992, AD-A256887, DIOR/M13-92/04|website= U.S. Defense Technical Information Center At Fort Belvoir, VA|accessdate=16 October 2018}} 15 : United States Army generals|American army personnel of the Vietnam War|Members of the United States Army Special Forces|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)|University of Nebraska alumni|Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania alumni|Recipients of the Silver Star|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)|Recipients of the Air Medal|1934 births|2018 deaths|American Jews in the military|Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal|Kovno Ghetto inmates |
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