| 词条 | Mamfakinch |
| 释义 |
| name = Mamfakinch | logo = | parent = | foundation = February 2011 | launch_date = | founder = Hisham Almiraat (co-founder) others unknown | location_city = Morocco | location = | area_served = | key_people = | owner = | num_employees = | website_type = Citizen Media, News | language = English, Arabic | advertising = | registration = | current_status = Active | screenshot = | alexa = | url = {{URL|mamfakinch.com}} }} Mamfakinch, which means "no concession" or "not giving in",[1] is a Moroccan citizen media website co-founded by Hisham Almiraat, among others.[2] It was founded during the Arab Spring movement in the Middle East in February 2011, shortly after the January 25th uprisings that ousted Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak. It launched shortly before the February 20th protests that took place in Morocco as a way to disseminate information about the protests.[3] After that it became one of the major sources for citizens to gain awareness of topics not discussed in the state-run media. HistoryThe installation of Mamfakinch took place during the movement of February 20, 2011. The efforts for change were led by Moroccan youth with intentions to restructure the Makzhen ruling class under King Mohammed VI’ Its main purpose is to provide additional or under reported news to Moroccan citizens with information not directly covered by newspapers or media outlets. The writers express concerns for freedom, human rights and democracy with the intention to provoke citizens to advocate for less censorship in the news broad castings. The contributions of the journalists have not been previously researched as to whether or not they have made a serious impact in the news media world.[5] ContributorsMamfakinch operates through a social movement organization style as opposed to a journalism approach to writing and reporting information. The media portal does not hire professionally trained journalists, but instead claims that the writers view themselves as insiders of the latest news. The members of the organization follow an advocacy plan with the hopes of broadcasting news that is not recounted by larger news sources. The staff writes out of cause as opposed to adhering to the interests of society members.[6] Political affiliationMamfakinch is not associated with any one political platform and their view on entitlement to human rights is not defined by the Moroccan culture.[7] Interruption of activityOn February 18, 2014, the website stopped its activity. Mamfakinch released a statement explaining the reasons behind the interruption of activity and summarising their view of the 3 years experience of the website.[8] ImpactActing under the firm belief that democracy and freedom of expression cannot exist without each other, Mamfakinch do not seek to create good citizens as the state defines them but want to redefine citizenship and reshape he state through the establishment of democracy. To start this revolution, Mamfakinch attempts to provide the public with information that would otherwise be unavailable. Mamfakinch supports a number of domestic causes including reform, anticorruption, transparency, democratization, and the rights of women, as well as international causes like Palestinian statehood, while always keeping the organizations theme in the forefront- that all recent changes by the Moroccan government are nothing more than cosmetic. While no empirical statements can be made about the true impact of Mamfakinch, many critics have argued that the website's novel approach to citizen journalism has created lasted change in four important ways. First, it has empowered its members and transformed them into engaged citizens though the process of learning to create and manage its significant volunteer network. Also, the website has shifted the narrative away from mainstream media, opening up new spaces for public discourse. In addition, the website is believed to have influenced the Moroccan elite and public as well as impacted policy processes to bring about systematic change in the country. Though critics question whether or not these impacts are truly significant in a country that has seen very little real change since the Arab Spring, there is widespread fear among government officials about the website's incredible exposure and the ability of new digital networking tools have to further social justice causes in oppressive regimes.[9] ControversyIn July 2012, briefly after Mamfakinch won the Google breaking borders award, an anonymous source sent a document supposedly containing scandalous information about a Moroccan politician. The document instead tracked emails, Skype conversations, and documents downloaded to all the workers' computers. The attack lead to a drop in employees from 35 to 5. Fear of further retaliation and compromise of safety caused a lack of sources for the group.[10] No group has taken responsibility for the hacking, but it was most likely done by Milan-based Hacking Team, a well-known government supplier. The particular piece of malware used costs around half a million dollars and is used by governments in crime investigation. The malware was tracked to the country's capital city, Rabat.[11] Awards
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://moroccansforchange.com/2011/04/03/mamfakinch/ |title=Mamfakinch |publisher=moroccansforchange.com |date=April 3, 2011 |accessdate=March 30, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415045504/http://moroccansforchange.com/2011/04/03/mamfakinch/ |archivedate=April 15, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalvoicesonline.org/author/hisham/ |title=Hisham Almiraat |publisher=globalvoices.com |accessdate=March 30, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://moroccansforchange.com/2011/04/03/mamfakinch/ |title=Mamfakinch |publisher=moroccansforchange.com |date=April 3, 2011 |accessdate=March 30, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415045504/http://moroccansforchange.com/2011/04/03/mamfakinch/ |archivedate=April 15, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://moroccansforchange.com/2011/04/03/mamfakinch/ |title=Morocco: Rise and Fall of Feb 20 Protests |publisher=wordpress.com |date=January 7, 2012 |accessdate=March 30, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415045504/http://moroccansforchange.com/2011/04/03/mamfakinch/ |archivedate=April 15, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 5. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Harvey |first=Kerric |title=Mamfakinch |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics |year=2014 |publisher=SAGE |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=787–9}} 6. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Harvey |first=Kerric |title=Mamfakinch |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics |year=2014 |publisher=SAGE |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=787–9}} 7. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Harvey |first=Kerric |title=Mamfakinch |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics |year=2014 |publisher=SAGE |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=787–9}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mamfakinch.com/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-2011-%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%83%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83-%D9%81/|title=[arabic] Mamfakinch was an innovative idea in 2011, not anymore in 2014 and it should be renewed|date=February 18, 2014|publisher=mamfakinch.com|accessdate=April 11, 2016}} 9. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Harvey |first=Kerric |title=Mamfakinch |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics |year=2014 |publisher=SAGE |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=787–9}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20140414-when-governments-attack |title=When governments attack — online|publisher=BBC.com |date=April 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 30, 2015}} 11. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Harvey |first=Kerric |title=Mamfakinch |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics |year=2014 |publisher=SAGE |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=787–9}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://alhakika.tumblr.com/post/4630176986/mamfakinch-com-nominated-for-the-bobs-best-arabic/ |title=Mamfakinch.com nominated for the BOB’s Best Arabic Blog |publisher=tumblr.com |date=April 15, 2011 |accessdate=March 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150404113408/http://alhakika.tumblr.com/post/4630176986/mamfakinch-com-nominated-for-the-bobs-best-arabic/# |archive-date=April 4, 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 13. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Harvey |first=Kerric |title=Mamfakinch |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics |year=2014 |publisher=SAGE |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=787–9}} External links
2 : 2011 in Morocco|2012 in Morocco |
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