| 词条 | Mandalselva |
| 释义 |
| name = Mandalselva | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Mandalsåni / Marna | name_etymology = | image = Mandalselva sett fra piren.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = The river mouth of Mandalselva by Sjøsanden in Mandal | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Norway | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = County | subdivision_name3 = Vest-Agder | subdivision_type4 = District | subdivision_name4 = Sørlandet | subdivision_type5 = Municipality | subdivision_name5 = Åseral, Audnedal, Marnardal, Mandal | length = {{convert|115|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Kjølemo, Mandal | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|85|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|970|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | source1 = Øre lake | source1_location = Åseral, Vest-Agder, Norway | source1_coordinates= {{coord|58|34|42|N|07|23|48|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|260|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = Mannefjorden | mouth_location = Mandal, Vest-Agder, Norway | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|58|01|12|N|07|27|26|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | waterfalls = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|1800|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}Mandalselva or Mandalsåni or Marna (English: Mandal River, Old Norse: Mǫrn) is a river in Vest-Agder county in Norway. The river has its origins in the mountains between Ose in Setesdal in Aust-Agder county and the Upper Sirdal valley in Vest-Agder county. The river flows south to its mouth at the North Sea at the town of Mandal. The river is {{convert|115|km|mi}} long and flows through the municipalities Åseral, Audnedal, Marnardal, and Mandal. The largest tributaries are Monn, Logna, Skjerka, Kosåna, Logåna, and Røyselandsbekken. Skjerka, Monn and Logna all flow into the lake Øre in Åseral which is considered the beginning of the main Mandalselva river. The river passes through the villages of Kylland, Bjelland, Laudal, Heddeland, Øyslebø, and Krossen.[1] Hydropower developmentHydropower development of the river on a larger scale started in 1930. At present there are six power plants along the river and its upper tributaries: Logna, Smeland, Skjerka, Håverstad, Bjelland, and Laudal. The drainage basin covers an area of {{convert|1800|km2|mi2}}. The mean flow of water in the river is {{convert|85|m3/s|cuft/s}}. During flooding periods in the spring and autumn, water flow can be far greater. The highest stream flow in recent times were measured in October 1987, when it passed about {{convert|970|m3/s|cuft/s}} at Kjølemoen in Holum.[2] Salmon and troutThe original salmon stocks are extinct as a result of acid rain, but extensive liming has led to a better environment in the river, and a new salmon stocks are established. It was caught {{convert|8785|kg}} of salmon and sea trout in Mandalselva in 2015.[3][4] Media galleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Mandalselva|title=Mandalselva|author=Store norske leksikon|authorlink=Store norske leksikon|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2016-11-26}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Holmqvist|first=Erik|url=http://publikasjoner.nve.no/dokument/2003/dokument2003_19.pdf|publisher=Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat|title=Flomsonekartprosjektet Flomberegning for Mandalselva (022.Z)|language=Norwegian|date=January 2004|accessdate=2016-11-26}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://lakseelvene.no/en.aspx?id=1026|title=Mandalselva|publisher=Norske lakseelver|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2016-11-26}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/jord-skog-jakt-og-fiskeri/statistikker/elvefiske/aar/2016-01-29?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=253835|title=River catch of salmon, sea trout and migratory char. Catch from selected rivers. Preliminary figures|year=2015|publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå}} External links
5 : Rivers of Vest-Agder|Åseral|Audnedal|Marnardal|Mandal, Norway |
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