| 词条 | Siliguri |
| 释义 |
| name = Siliguri | other_name = | settlement_type = Metropolitan City / Urban Agglomeration | image_skyline ={{Photomontage | photo1a = Siliguri view.jpg | photo2a = Siliguri view 4.jpg | photo2b = Siliguri view 18.jpg | photo3a = Siliguri view 16.jpg | photo4a = Siliguri view 5.jpg | photo4b = Siliguri view 11.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 1 | border = 0 | color = White | position = centre | foot_montage = TOP TO BOTTOM : Old view of Siliguri , ISKCON temple(left) , Heritage Toy Train at Siliguri Junction(right) , Ewam India Monastery , Lions clock tower(left) , Science centre Siliguri(right).}} | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India | coordinates = {{coord|26.71|N|88.43|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name1 = West Bengal | subdivision_name2 = Darjeeling (62%), Jalpaiguri (38%) | established_title = | established_date = 1994 | nickname = • Gateway of Northeast India[1] • City of Hospitality{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} | government_type = Municipal Corporation | governing_body = Siliguri Municipal Corporation | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Ashok Bhattacharya(CPI(M)) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = [2] | area_total_km2 = 260 | area_metro_km2 = 1451 | area_rank =2nd in West Bengal | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = 114 | population_total = 513,264 | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_footnotes = [3] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro =705,579 | population_metro_footnotes = [4] | population_rank = 3rd in West Bengal | population_demonym = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 734 001-734 015 (city limits), 734 401-734 436(suburbs), 735 133-735 135 | area_code = 0353, 0354 | area_code_type = Telephone code | registration_plate = WB 73/74 | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank1_info_sec1 = Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri | website = {{URL|www.siligurismc.in}}, {{URL|www.siliguri.gov.in}} | footnotes = 1The coordinates given here are in metric system and based upon the Microsoft Encarta Reference Library Map Center 2005 2 The Vehicle Code given here based upon the Siliguri Sub Divisional Court, Darjeeling District Court and Jalpaiguri District Court documentations. | leader_title2 = Sub Divisional Officer | leader_name2 = P Harishanker (IAS) | elevation_max_m = 140 | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Bengali[5][6] | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | demographics1_info2 = English[5] | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank2_info_sec1 = Siliguri, Dabgram-Phulbari, Matigara-Naxalbari, Phansidewa }} Siliguri ({{audio|siliguri.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a metropolitan city and a municipal corporation which spans areas of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. The city is located on the banks of the Mahananda River at the foothills of the Himalayas. HistorySiliguri has great strategic importance in West Bengal for its placement in such a place where it connects four international borders i.e. China, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. Side by side it connects North-East with Indian mainland and connected with all other districts of West Bengal. Located at the foot of Eastern Himalaya, Siliguri blessed by its natural beauty and appeals as an indicative trading and transportation hub. Over time, Siliguri has become a commercially progressive city from a little village. Rise of Siliguri as trading center is an engrossing tale. Siliguri victimed by some eminent dynasties like Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas and its countless strategic offerings realised after independence. Middle Age historyAccording to Sailen Debnath, “Siliguri” means a stack of pebbles or stones. Till 19th century this region was called as "Shilchaguri" when there was dense Dolka forest covering the area. As an agricultural village, Kingdom of Sikkim captured Siliguri i.e. the southernmost part of kingdom till the interference of Kingdom of Nepal. Because of it Kirati and Nepalis came to Seattle in this region. At that time a river (Mahananda) port, South of Siliguri in Phansidewa had an important role in having trade bond with Malda, Bengal and Bihar. This riverine trade line was thus used by the Bhutanese and Sikkimese to bring goods into their mainland. Modern historySiliguri started as a small area i.e. now Saktigarh, southern part of city, on the bank of Mahananda river. Treaty of Sugauli in 1835 signed between Britain-Nepal, changed the prospect of Siliguri. As it became a point for transit with Darjeeling hills and Nepal mainland. From 1835 Siliguri started growing rapidly as a small city due to its importance in treading. Meanwhile in 1865 British captured Darjeeling & whole Dooars region for tea plantation & its exportation to England. For easy Exportation they introduced Siliguri Town railway station & started up Toy train from here to Darjeeling in 1880 and that magnifies importance of Siliguri. It helped Siliguri to gain Sub Divisional town status by 1907. Parallelly with Indian independence, "Siliguri Corridor" was formed as Bengal was devided into West Bengal & East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) in 1947. In this point many immigrants came to Seattle here for better facilities which kick increased population of Siliguri. Later in 1950 Siliguri achieved municipal status. Keeping in mind the importance of Siliguri, in 1951 Assam rail link established with newly made (1949) Meter gauge Siliguri Junction railway station. After few years in 1961 all these stations were connected with broad gauge New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station which later becomes the most important railway station in Northeast India.[7] RecentlyDue to tremendous growth, Siliguri is now far away from its past outlook as Siliguri is the largest and fastest growing city in eastern India after Guwahati. The growth rate of Siliguri was 57.8% during 1971- 1981 , considering this growth Siliguri came under Integrated Urban Development Project program in 1981. Siliguri touched 46.83% of population growth rate in 1981-1991. Due to signing up a treaty between India & China for starting up trade through Nathu- la - Pass , has increased development and prospects of Siliguri as an international transportation & logistics hub. Later in 1994 Siliguri built up a Municipal corporation which has been responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Siliguri. Through these revolutionary way now Siliguri achieved the 2nd largest metropolitan city in West Bengal status after Kolkata.[8] Demographics{{bar box|width = 300px|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0" |title=Religion in Siliguri[9] |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1=Religion |right1=Percent |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Hinduism|#FF6600|91.98}}{{bar percent|Islam|#009000|5.37}}{{bar percent|Christianity|Blue|0.94}}{{bar percent|Buddhist|#FFFF00|0.65}}{{bar percent|Others|Black|1.05}} }} Based on Census data of 2011, the city has a population of 705,579, while the population of Siliguri UA/Metropolitan is 1,057,438.[3][4] Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. In Siliguri, 10% of the population is under six years of age. Due to the city's booming economy, it has drawn people from Bihar, Jharkhand, North Bengal, North-East, Sikkim and other parts of India in search of livelihood. Siliguri also has a large population of Tibetans and a notable number of Bhutanese permanently settled in the city.[10] GeographySiliguri located at the foothills of the eastern Himalayas at a location of {{coord|26.71|N|88.43|E|}}. This city is spread over an area of 260 sq. km within the Siliguri Corridor, also known as the Chicken’s neck. The city is surrounded by dense forests towards north and lifeline of Siliguri, Mahananda River flows through the city thereby bisecting it into two halves. Also Teesta river is not so far from the city. Siliguri has an average elevation of 122 metres (400 feet). As Siliguri is located in the Terai region, the soil is sandy in nature i.e. the ratio of sand and silt is much higher than clay. This region is very prone to earthquake as it owns several fault lines nearby. The Siliguri subdivision is surrounded by Himalayan ranges towards north and towards south by the country Bangladesh, Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal and the Indian state of Bihar. On the east lies Jalpaiguri district and Kalimpong subdivision and bounded on the west by the country of Nepal , thus strategically so important.[11] ClimateSiliguri falls under the humid subtropical climate (Cwa), when using the Köppen climate classification. Just like any other cities in West Bengal. Siliguri has mainly three distinct seasons:- Summer, Monsoon and Winter.
|location = Siliguri, India |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |temperature colour = pastel |Jan high C = 23 |Feb high C = 25 |Mar high C = 28 |Apr high C = 31 |May high C = 33 |Jun high C = 35 |Jul high C = 34 |Aug high C = 31 |Sep high C = 28 |Oct high C = 26 |Nov high C = 24 |Dec high C = 23 |year high C = 28 |Jan low C = 3 |Feb low C = 10 |Mar low C = 12 |Apr low C = 21 |May low C = 24 |Jun low C = 25 |Jul low C = 26 |Aug low C = 25 |Sep low C = 23 |Oct low C = 16 |Nov low C = 10 |Dec low C = 4 |year low C = 17 |Jan precipitation mm = 8 |Feb precipitation mm = 18 |Mar precipitation mm = 33 |Apr precipitation mm = 94 |May precipitation mm = 300 |Jun precipitation mm = 658 |Jul precipitation mm = 818 |Aug precipitation mm = 643 |Sep precipitation mm = 538 |Oct precipitation mm = 142 |Nov precipitation mm = 13 |Dec precipitation mm = 5 |year precipitation mm = 3270 |source 1 = Weather Atlas[13]}}{{climate chart |Siliguri |3|23|8 |10|25|18 |12|28|33 |21|31|94 |24|33|300 |25|35|658 |26|34|818 |25|31|643 |23|28|538 |16|26|143 |10|24|13 |4|23|5 |float=left |clear=none}} Flora and FaunaFaunaSiliguri situates in the Terai region ("moist land") , is a belt of marshy grasslands and dense Tropical deciduous moist forests at the base of Himalaya range which is rich in biodiversity , containing numerous rare species of flora and fauna. These forests are characterized by their distinct wildlife variety , as an example Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary near Siliguri is famous for Elephants. Sukna is the gateway to this sanctuary which is 12 km away from Siliguri. These sub Himalayan forests are home of various types of wild animals like elephant, tiger, Indian bison, barking deer, wild pigs, monkey, civet, snakes, lizard, mountain goat, sambar, Chetal and fishing cat. These forests are also home of about 243 different bird species like Pied hornbill, , egrets, kingfisher, drongo, fly catcher, woodpeckers and others. Another common sight is migratory water birds.[14] FloraSiliguri and surrounding Sub Himalayan forests are rich in fauna diversity, the plains of North Bengal (Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar e.t.c.) are surrounded by deep forests. These forests are home of various rare and common species of plants.Forest here is moist Tropical and characterized by dense growth of tall Sal i.e. Shorea robusta. Sal occupies about 80% of all vegetation in these tropical forest. These forests are categorised by their dominating plant species such as 1) East Himalayan Sal Forest present on the lower slopes of Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary contains Sal, Khair, Simul,Sissoo, Riverine grasslands and various rare species of plants like Orchids 2) East Himalayan Upper Bhabar Sal mainly present at Jalpaiguri district which is characterized by dense population of Microstegium chiliatum , Sal i.e. Shorea robusta. Others are Terminalia tomentosa , Schima wallichii And the 3) Eastern Tarai Sal Forest generally found in lower altitudes compared to other two types of forest.This type of forest characterized by various species of Bamboos , Ferns , Sal which is found in Baikunthapur Forest , nearby Siliguri city.[15] Rapid growth of city causing deforestation , making Siliguri warmer day by day and disbalancing the ecosystem. TransportRoadNH 27 crosses through the heart of the city[16] which is now a part of AH2 project. Siliguri originates the Century old Hill Cart Road that is NH 110 which connects Siliguri and Darjeeling (77 Km.) made in British period.Siliguri also originates NH 10 which connects Gangtok, NH 12 which connects Pankhabari-Mirik.Tenzing Norgay Bus Terminus is the main bus terminus serves as bus depot for both Government & private bus service which oparated by NBSTC.It connects to all other districts and cities in west Bengal like Darjeeling , Kalimpong , Jalpaiguri , Cooch Behar , Malda , Balurghat , Raiganj , Berhampore , Kolkata , Asansol , Suri e.t.c. Lots of private buses connect short as well as long distance routes including some cities of Bihar too.Sikkim National Transport bus terminus & P.C. Mittal Memorial bus terminus another two bus terminus which connects Sikkim and many other cities of west Bengal.City buses,Auto facility available to cover the whole city.E-rickshaws also available for covering short distance inside city.[11][17] RailA+ category railway station, New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station under Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone serves the city. Two other stations, Siliguri Junction railway station and Siliguri Town railway station, also serve the city.[11] AirBagdogra Airport is the airport serving Siliguri city. Flights connect to Kolkata, Guwahati, New Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Chennai.[11]EducationSiliguri is not only commercial hub in present days. Due to its location as Siliguri present near four international borders i.e. Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and China. Also it is situated near Bihar and other districts of West Bengal. So demand for educational institutions there is in its peak. New national level schools are built there in every year. Day by day Siliguri appearing as an educational hub as well. Many students from Bangladesh, Nepal, Assam, Bihar, Bhutan and surrounding districts of West Bengal go there for better educational facilities as Siliguri provides better climate compared to any other cities, better transportation, better safety, low living cost, quality multi cuisine restaurant with lesser price, plenty of shopping hubs, amusement parks and tourist attractions nearby. These factors attracts many students to go there for study. List of university, colleges and schools are mentioned below:[18][19] University
College
Schools
Notable people
Gallery{{Gallery| title = Cityscape | align = | footer = | style = | state = | height = | width = | captionstyle = | File:Cityscape 1.jpg | alt1= | City skyline | File: Siliguri view 3.jpg | alt2= | Bird's eye view of Siliguri | File: Cityscape 2.jpg | alt3= | Cityscape view | File:Cityscape 3.jpg | alt4= | Lion's clock tower view | File:Cityscape 4.jpg | alt5= |Light trail-Siliguri | File:Cityscape 6.jpg | alt6= |City view from Kurseong hill | File:Siliguri view 2.jpg | alt7= |Evening view Hill Cart Road }} References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.siliguri.gov.in/|title=Siliguri-The gateway of Northeast India|website=www.siliguri.gov.in|accessdate=22 March 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_COR_Siliguri.htm|title=West Bengal Govt. Department of Municipal Affairs|website=Wbdma.gov.in}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in|title=Census Of India|website=Censusindia.gov.in}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/186-siliguri.html|title=Siliguri Metropolitan Urban Region Population 2011 Census|website=Census2011.co.in|accessdate=25 July 2016}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|accessdate=10 March 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Minority Affairs|accessdate=10 March 2019|page=85|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite book|isbn=9788186860441|author=Sailen Debnath|title=The Dooars in Historical Transition|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Dooars_in_Historical_Transition.html?id=K1viSAAACAAJ}} 8. ^ {{dead link|date=March 2019}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/192-siliguri.html|title=Siliguri City Population Census 2011-2019 - West Bengal|website=Census2011.co.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/613240509.cms|newspaper=The Times Of India|title=Bangla immigrants to be pushed back|date=5 November 2001}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.siliguri.gov.in/about.html |title=About Siliguri Subdivision |website=Siliguri.gov.in|accessdate=10 March 2019}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatonline.com/west-bengal/travel/siliguri/weather.html|title=Siliguri Weather - Siliguri Weather & Climate, Siliguri Weather Information|website=Bharatonline.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.weather-ind.com/en/india/siliguri-climate|title=Siliguri, India - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|first=Yu Media Group|last=d.o.o|website=Weather Atlas|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://nbtourism.tripod.com/flora_and_fauna_of_north_bengal.htm|title=FLORA AND FAUNA OF NORTH BENGAL|website=Nbtourism.tripod.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westbengalforest.gov.in/|title=West Bengal Forest Department|website=Westbengalforest.gov.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://nationalhighway.net/asia/national-highway-27-india-nh27/|title=National Highway 27 (India) -NH27|date=15 August 2017|website=Nationalhighway.net|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.onefivenine.com/india/villag/Darjeeling|title=Darjeeling District - Darjeeling District Map|website=Onefivenine.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/search?q=schools+in+siliguri&oq=sc&aqs=chrome.0.69i59l2j69i60l2j69i57j69i60.1725j0j7&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8#istate=lrl:xpd|title=schools in siliguri - Google Search|website=Google.co.in|access-date=21 March 2019}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://siliguri.co.in/education|title=Siliguri - The gateway of North East India|website=Siliguri.co.in|access-date=21 March 2019}} 20. ^ {{dead link|date=March 2019}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vidyasagarcollegeofeducation.org/|title=Welcome to Vidyasagar College of Education|website=Vidyasagarcollegeofeducation.org|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nbdch.in/about.php|title=North Bengal Dental college & hospital - nbdc, nbdch, North Bengal Dental college & hospital, nbdch.in, dental college in siliguri, dental college in hospital|website=Nbdch.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.siliguriglobalengg.com/|title=Siliguri Global Engineering Institute|website=Siliguriglobalengg.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.siliguribedcollege.com/|title=Welcome to Siliguri B.Ed College :: Siliguri :: Darjeeling|website=Siliguribedcollege.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nitm.in/|title=NITM - Darjeeling Tea Research & Management Association|website=Nitm.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iias.org.in/|title=India's leading institute for Business & Management Studies|website=Iias.org.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://dbssiliguri.in/|title=DON BOSCO SCHOOL - SILIGURI|website=Dbssiliguri.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dpssiliguri.org/|title=Delhi Public School Siliguri|website=Dpssiliguri.org|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://smsslg.com/|title=Home|website=Smsslg.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sjhsm.in/|title=St Joseph's High School, Matigara - Home|website=Sjhsm.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nirmalaconventschoolsiliguri.com/|title=Home - Nirmala Convent School|website=Nirmalaconventschoolsiliguri.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.acssiliguri.com/|title=Welcome to Auxilium Convent School|website=Acssiliguri.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://mpssiliguri.com/|title=Modi Public School, Siliguri|website=Mpssiliguri.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalacademysiliguri.com/|title=Royal Academy|website=Royalacademysiliguri.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iice.online/|title=IICE Academy Siliguri Admission in NIOS Board for Drop Out Student|website=Iice.online|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.davsiliguri.com/|title=D.A.V. School Siliguri :: Home|website=Davsiliguri.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://birladivyajyoti.com/|title=Welcome to Birla Divya Jyoti|website=Birladivyajyoti.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gdgoenkaschool.in/|title=G.D. Goenka Public School, Siliguri - Home - No1 residential School|website=Gdgoenkaschool.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.srcs.edu.in/|title=Shri Ram Centennial School, Siliguri|website=Srcs.edu.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.narayanaschools.in/siliguri/|title=Siliguri - Narayana Schools|website=Marayanaschools.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://campionintl.com/|title=Welcome to Campion International School|website=Campionintl.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://hbvidyapith.in/|title=H B Vidyapith, CBSE School, Siliguri|website=Hbvidyapith.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=https://bsfschoolkadamtala.org/|title=BSF SENIOR SECONDARY RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL, Kadamtala, Darjeeling :: Welcome|website=Bsfschoolkadamtala.org|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.kvsevokeroad.in/|title=Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sevoke Road :: Home Page|website=Kvsevokeroad.in|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://apssukna.com/|title=Army Public School, Sukna|website=Apssukna.com|accessdate=21 March 2019}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=http://apsbengdubi.org/|title=Army Public School, Bengdubi|website=Apsbengdubi.org|accessdate=21 March 2019}} External links{{sisterlinks |voy=Siliguri}}
2 : Cities and towns in Jalpaiguri district|Cities and towns in Darjeeling district |
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