| 词条 | Marhaenism |
| 释义 |
Some scholars argue that Marhaenism is a variant of Marxism.[2] It emphasizes national unity, culture, and collectivist economics. It was established as an anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist ideology. It promotes democratic rights in opposition to authoritarianism, while condemning liberalism and individualism. It combines both western and eastern principles.[3] Marhaenism is the guiding ideology of the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism and the now defunct Parti Marhaen Malaysia. HistoryThe name of the ideology is said to be taken that of a land-poor farmer named Marhaen, whom Sukarno met in Priangan. Sukarno attributed the farmer's poverty to a lack of access to production tools. Sukarno thenceforth took to referring to members of the agrarian class as "Marhaens".[4] References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Leifer|first1=Michael|title=Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia|date=2001|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0415238755|edition=3rd}} {{Socialism}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Lev|first1=Daniel S.|title=The transition to guided democracy : Indonesian politics, 1957-1959|date=2009|publisher=Equinox Publishing|location=Jakarta|isbn=978-6028397407|edition=[New ed.].}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Holt|first1=[edited by] Claire|title=Culture and politics in Indonesia|date=2007|publisher=Equinox Pub.|location=Jakarta|isbn=978-9793780573|edition=1st Equinox}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Soekarno|title=Pokok-pokok ajaran marhaenisme menurut Bung Karno|date=2004|publisher=Media Pressindo|location=Yogyakarta|isbn=978-9799222923|edition=Cet. 3.}} 7 : History of socialism|Political history of Indonesia|Political movements in Indonesia|Socialism in Indonesia|Socialism|Marxism|Sukarno |
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