词条 | Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat |
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| name =The Lord Lovat | image =Lord Lovat, Newhaven, 1942.JPG | caption =Lord Lovat at Newhaven after returning from the Dieppe Raid, August 1942. | birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|7|9|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|3|16|1911|7|9|df=y}} | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = | birth_place =Beaufort Castle, Inverness, Scotland | death_place =Beauly, Inverness-shire, Scotland | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname =Shimi | allegiance ={{UK}} | branch = | serviceyears = 1930–1962 | rank = Brigadier | unit = | commands = No. 4 Commando 1st Special Service Brigade | battles = Second World War
| awards = Distinguished Service Order Military Cross Territorial Decoration | relations = | laterwork = }} Brigadier Simon Christopher Joseph Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat and 4th Baron Lovat, {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|DSO|MC|TD|JP|DL|size=100%|sep=,}} (9 July 1911 in Beaufort Castle, Inverness, Scotland – 16 March 1995 in Beauly, Inverness-shire, Scotland [1]) was the 25th Chief of the Clan Fraser of Lovat and a prominent British Commando during the Second World War. His friends called him Shimi Lovat, an anglicised version of his name in the Scottish Gaelic language. His clan referred to him as MacShimidh, his Gaelic patronym, meaning Son of Simon. Simon is the favoured family name for the Chiefs of Clan Fraser. While the 15th Lord de jure, he was the 17th Lord Lovat de facto, but for the attainder of his Jacobite ancestor who was executed in 1747. He was also 4th Baron Lovat in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Early lifeFraser was the son of the 14th Lord Lovat (commonly known as the 16th Lord), and Laura, daughter of Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale. After being educated at Ampleforth College (where he was a member of the Officer Training Corps) and Magdalen College, Oxford University, where he joined the University's Cavalry Squadron, Fraser was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Lovat Scouts (a Territorial Army unit) in 1930.[2] He transferred to the regular army, while still a second lieutenant joining the Scots Guards in 1931.[3] The following year, Fraser succeeded his father to become the 15th Lord Lovat (referred to as the 17th Lord Lovat) and 25th Chief of the Clan Fraser. He was promoted lieutenant in August 1934.[4] Lovat resigned his regular commission as a lieutenant in 1937, transferring to the Supplementary Reserve of Officers.[5] He married Rosamond Broughton (1917-2012), the daughter of Sir Henry John Delves Broughton, on 10 October 1938, with whom he had six children.[6] Lord and Lady Lovat lived at Beaufort Castle at Beauly, Inverness-shire.[7] World War IIIn June 1939, just months before the Second World War, Lord Lovat also resigned his reserve commission.[8] In July, however, as war approached, he was mobilized as a captain in the Lovat Scouts.[9] The following year, he volunteered to join one of the new commando units being formed by the British Army, and was eventually attached to No. 4 Commando. On 3 March 1941, Nos 3 and 4 Commando launched a raid on the German-occupied Lofoten Islands. In the successful raid, the commandos destroyed fish-oil factories, petrol dumps, and 11 ships. They also seized encryption equipment and codebooks. As well, the commandos captured 216 German troops; 315 Norwegians chose to accompany the commandos back to Britain. As a temporary major, Lord Lovat commanded 100 men of No. 4 Commando and a 50-man detachment from the Canadian Carleton and York Regiment in a raid on the French coastal village of Hardelot in April. For this action he was awarded the Military Cross on 7 July 1942.[10][11] Lord Lovat became an acting lieutenant-colonel in 1942 and was appointed the commanding officer of No. 4 Commando, leading them in a successful component of the abortive Dieppe Raid (Operation Jubilee) on 19 August.[12] His commando attacked and destroyed a battery of six 150 mm guns. Lovat was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO).[13] The raid as a whole was a disastrous failure with over 4,000 casualties sustained, predominantly Canadian. Yet No. 4 Commando executed its assault, with most men returning safely to Britain. Lord Lovat eventually became a brigadier and became the commander of the newly formed 1st Special Service Brigade in 1944. Lord Lovat's brigade was landed at Sword during the invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944. Lord Lovat reputedly waded ashore wearing a white jumper under his battledress, with "Lovat" inscribed into the collar, while armed with a .45-70 Winchester underlever rifle. (The latter claim has not been verified and is disputed; however, in some earlier pictures y/1942 he is seen with a bolt-action .30-06 Winchester M70 sporting rifle). However, in his memoirs, Lovat states that he was armed with a "short barreled U.S. Army carbine" (presumably an M1 Carbine) on D-Day.[14][15] Lord Lovat instructed his personal piper, Bill Millin, to pipe the commandos ashore, in defiance of specific orders not to allow such an action in battle.[16] When Private Millin demurred, citing the regulations, he recalled later, Lord Lovat replied: “Ah, but that’s the English War Office. You and I are both Scottish, and that doesn’t apply.” Lovat's forces swiftly pressed on, Lovat himself advancing with parts of his brigade from Sword to Pegasus Bridge, which had been defiantly defended by men of the 2nd Bn the Ox & Bucks Light Infantry (6th Airborne Division) who had landed in the early hours by glider. Lord Lovat's commandos arrived at a little past 1 p.m. at Pegasus Bridge though the rendezvous time as per the plan was noon. It is a common misconception that they reached almost exactly on time, late by only two and a half minutes. Upon reaching the rendezvous, Lord Lovat apologised to Lieutenant-Colonel Geoffrey Pine-Coffin, of 7th Parachute Battalion. He went on to establish defensive positions around Ranville, east of the River Orne. The bridges were relieved later in the day by elements of the British 3rd Infantry Division. During the Battle of Breville on 12 June, Lord Lovat was seriously wounded whilst observing an artillery bombardment by the 51st Highland Division. A stray shell fell short of its target and landed amongst the officers, killing Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Johnston, commanding officer of the 12th Parachute Battalion, also seriously wounding Brigadier Hugh Kindersley of the 6th Airlanding Brigade. By a grateful French Fourth Republic, he was awarded the Légion d'honneur and the Croix de Guerre.[17] Later lifeLord Lovat was a stalwart of the Inverness highlands aristocracy. In 1942 he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the county, and two years later a JP.[18] Lord Lovat made a full recovery from the severe wounds he had received in France but was unable to return to the army (he transferred to the reserve in 1949).[19] Winston Churchill requested that he become Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms in the House of Lords; however, Lord Lovat declined the offer and in 1945 joined the Government as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, "becoming responsible for the functions of the Ministry of Economic Warfare when these were taken over by the Foreign Office",[20] resigning upon Winston Churchill's election defeat. In 1946 he was made a Commander of the Venerable Order of Saint John.[21] His formal retirement from the army came on 16 June 1962, he retained the honorary rank of brigadier.[22] Lord Lovat's involvement in politics continued throughout his life, in the House of Lords and the Inverness County Council for the next forty-two years. He also devoted much of his time to the family estates of 250,000 acres in the highlands. He was chieftain of Lovat Shinty Club, the local shinty team which bears his family name. Lord Lovat experienced a great deal of turmoil in his final years; he suffered financial ruin and two of his sons predeceased him in accidents within months of each other. In 1994, a year before his death, the family's traditional residence, Beaufort Castle, was sold. Piper Bill Millin, Lord Lovat's personal piper who had piped the Commandos ashore on D-Day, played at Lord Lovat's funeral. MediaThe Longest Day, a 1962 film based on the book of the same name, features "Lord Lovat", played by Peter Lawford. There is some suggestion that the charlatan commando character "Trimmer" in Evelyn Waugh's Sword of Honour trilogy of novels is based on Lovat.[23] Lovat was closely associated with Evelyn Waugh's forced resignation from the Commandos, which is the subject of an exchange of correspondence between them which Waugh pasted into his war diaries.[24] In an article in Standpoint magazine, Paul Johnson wrote: "...by vindictive cunning of a high order, [Waugh] manages to foist the ultra-plebeian Trimmer on the exquisite person of Brigadier Lord Lovat, head of the clan Fraser, who had his own family regiment and was known from his looks as "the upper-class Erroll Flynn". "Shimi" Lovat committed the unforgivable sin of ejecting Waugh from the Commandos since, he told me, "he had made himself so hated by his men they would have shot him in the back as soon as they went into action." So Waugh made Lovat into Trimmer. Once, when I happened to say a word in praise of Waugh, "Shimi" let forth a scream of rage and pain: "Do you realise, thanks to that monster, I am Trimmer?""[25] FamilySimon Christopher Joseph Fraser, Master of Lovat and 15th Lord Lovat (9 July 1911 –16 March 1995), was the son and eldest child of Simon Joseph Fraser, 14th Baron Lovat (25 November 1871 –18 February 1933), and the Hon. Laura Lister (12 January 1892 –24 March 1965). His siblings were:
He married Rosamond Delves Broughton on 10 October 1938. They had six children:
The 15th Lord Lovat's first son and heir Simon Augustine Fraser, Master of Lovat, and his fourth son Andrew Fraser predeceased him in 1994 within days of each other. The 15th Lord Lovat then died a year later in 1995. The title then passed to his grandson Simon Christopher Fraser, who became the 16th Lord Lovat. References1. ^[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/lord-lovat-1611984.html "Obituary for Lord Lovat, 20 March 1995" The Independent] 21 August 2010 2. ^{{London Gazette|issue=33576|page=727|date=4 February 1930}} 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=33860|page=5621|date=2 September 1932}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34082|page=5460|date=28 August 1934}} 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34459|page=7517|date=30 November 1937}} 6. ^"Simon Christopher Joseph Fraser, 15th Baron Lovat" The Peerage 21 August 2010 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Obituaries: Lady Lovat|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/comment/obituaries/lady-lovat.16952376|publisher=Herald Scotland}} 8. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34632|page=3780|date=6 June 1939}} 9. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34660|page=5924|date=29 August 1939}} 10. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35620 |supp=y|page=2971|date=3 July 1942}} 11. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35622 |supp=y|page=2984|date=3 July 1942}} 12. ^{{London Gazette|issue=38045 |supp=y|pages=3824–3825|date=12 August 1947}} 13. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35729 |supp=y|pages=4328–3825|date=2 October 1942}} 14. ^https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2014/6/6/the-most-famous-rifle-of-d-day-wasn-t-there/ 15. ^http://www.pegasusarchive.org/normandy/lord_lovat.htm 16. ^{{cite journal|title=Bill Millin|journal=The Economist|date=28 August 2010|pages=76|url=http://www.economist.com/node/16885894?story_id=16885894|accessdate=20 September 2011}} 17. ^Burke's Peerage (2003), p.2415 18. ^Burke's Peerage (2003), vol.2, p.2415 19. ^{{London Gazette|issue=39392 |supp=y|page=6175|date=27 November 1951}} 20. ^{{Citation | last = Moncrieffe | first = Sir Iain | author-link = Iain Moncrieffe | contribution = Introduction | editor-last = Lovat | editor-first = Simon Fraser, 15th Lord | year = 1979 | title = March past: a memoir | publisher = Holmes & Meier | publication-place = | page = 2}} 21. ^{{London Gazette|issue=37417|page=203|date=1 January 1946}} 22. ^{{London Gazette|issue=42703 |supp=y|page=4764|date=12 June 1962}} 23. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3577302/I-wish-you-could-think-of-grown-up-sins.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Allan | last=Massie | title=I wish you could think of grown-up sins | date=12 May 2002}} 24. ^{{cite book|last=Davie|first=Michael|title=Diaries of Evelyn Waugh|date=2010|publisher=Phoenix}} 25. ^{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Paul|title=Novelists at Arms|journal=Standpoint Magazine|date=Jan–Feb 2012|url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/node/4269/full|accessdate=6 May 2014|quote=Two key figures, symbolising the proletarian takeover of the world which Waugh feared, are the trilogy's war heroes. Corporal-Major Ludovic, saturnine and Faustian, achieves heroic status by murder and emerges post-war as author of a romantic bestseller dangerously like Brideshead. He is based on no one as far as I can discover, and I think is an alter-ego of Waugh himself. Trimmer, aka McTavish, the former hairdresser on the Queen Mary, becomes a hero by cowardice, and conceives the son who is to be the heir to Crouchback, the hero-narrator. Waugh never shadow-boxes, as Uncle Tony sometimes does. He always plays for keeps. And by vindictive cunning of a high order, he manages to foist the ultra-plebeian Trimmer on the exquisite person of Brigadier Lord Lovat, head of the clan Fraser, who had his own family regiment and was known from his looks as "the upper-class Erroll Flynn". "Shimi" Lovat committed the unforgivable sin of ejecting Waugh from the Commandos since, he told me, "he had made himself so hated by his men they would have shot him in the back as soon as they went into action." So Waugh made Lovat into Trimmer. Once, when I happened to say a word in praise of Waugh, "Shimi" let forth a scream of rage and pain: "Do you realise, thanks to that monster, I am Trimmer?"}} 26. ^"Obituary: The Rt. Hon. Hugh Fraser, farmer (1947-2011)" The Scotsman External links
| with = Lord Dunglass | years = 1945 }}{{s-aft| after = Hector McNeil }}{{s-bef | before=Lord Selborne}}{{s-ttl | title=Minister of Economic Warfare | years=1945}}{{s-aft | after=Office abolished }}{{s-hon}}{{s-bef| before = Simon Joseph Fraser }}{{s-ttl| title = MacShimidh | years = 1933–1995 }}{{s-aft| after = Simon Fraser }}{{s-reg|sct}}{{s-bef| before = Simon Joseph Fraser }}{{s-ttl| title = Lord Lovat | years = 1933–1995 }}{{s-aft| after = Simon Fraser }}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-bef| before = Simon Joseph Fraser }}{{s-ttl| title = Baron Lovat | years = 1933–1995 }}{{s-aft| after = Simon Fraser }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lovat, 15th Lord}} 22 : 1911 births|1995 deaths|Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford|Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|British Army Commandos officers|British Army personnel of World War II|Clan Fraser|Companions of the Distinguished Service Order|Deputy Lieutenants of Inverness-shire|Justices of the peace|Legion of Honour recipients|Lords of Parliament|Lovat Scouts officers|People educated at Ampleforth College|Operation Overlord people|People from Inverness|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)|Recipients of the Military Cross|Scots Guards officers|Shinty players|Tennant family|Lords of Parliament in the Jacobite peerage |
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