| 词条 | Simon Sudbury |
| 释义 |
| name = Simon Sudbury | archbishop_of = Archbishop of Canterbury Primate of All England | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | appointed = 4 May 1375 | enthroned = Unknown | ended = 14 June 1381 | predecessor = William Whittlesey | successor = William Courtenay | ordination = | consecration = 20 March 1362 | other_post = Bishop of London | birth_date = c. 1316 | birth_place = | death_date = 14 June 1381 | death_place = }} Simon Sudbury{{efn|Also called Simon Theobald of Sudbury and Simon of Sudbury}} (c. 1316[1]-14 June 1381) was Bishop of London from 1361 to 1375, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1375 until his death, and in the last year of his life Lord Chancellor of England. LifeThe son of Nigel Theobald, Sudbury (as he later became known) was born at Sudbury in Suffolk, studied at the University of Paris, and became one of the chaplains of Pope Innocent VI,[2] one of the Avignon popes, who in 1356 sent him on a mission to Edward III of England. In 1361 Sudbury was made Chancellor of Salisbury[2] and in October that year the pope provided him to be Bishop of London, Sudbury's consecration occurring on 20 March 1362.[3] He was soon serving Edward III as an ambassador and in other ways. On 4 May 1375 he succeeded William Whittlesey as archbishop of Canterbury,[4] and during the rest of his life was a partisan of John of Gaunt. In July 1377, following the death of Edward III in June, Sudbury crowned the new king, Richard II at Westminster Abbey, and in 1378 John Wycliffe appeared before him at Lambeth, but he only undertook proceedings against the reformer under great pressure. In January 1380, Sudbury became Lord Chancellor of England,[5] and the insurgent peasants regarded him as one of the principal authors of their woes. Having released John Ball from his prison at Maidstone, the Kentish insurgents attacked and damaged the archbishop's property at Canterbury and Lambeth; then, rushing into the Tower of London, they seized the archbishop himself. So unpopular was Sudbury with the rebellious peasants that guards simply allowed the rebels through the gates, the reason being his role in introducing the third poll tax. DeathSudbury was dragged to Tower Hill and, on 14 June 1381,[4] was beheaded after eight blows to his neck. His body was afterwards buried in Canterbury Cathedral, though his head (after being taken down from London Bridge) is still kept at the church of St Gregory at Sudbury in Suffolk, which Sudbury had partly rebuilt.[2] With his brother, John of Chertsey, he also founded a college in Sudbury; he also did some building at Canterbury. His father was Nigel Theobald, and he is sometimes called Simon Theobald or Tybald. In March 2011 a CT scan of Sudbury's mummified skull was performed at the West Suffolk Hospital to make a facial reconstruction,[6] which was completed in September 2011 by forensics expert Adrienne Barker at the University of Dundee.[7] Notes{{notelist}}Citations1. ^{{cite encyclopedia |author=Walker, Simon |title=Sudbury, Simon (c. 1316–1381) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography| publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004|edition= revised 2008 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26759|accessdate= 17 July 2012}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBhAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA35&dq=%22sudbury%22#v=onepage&q=%22sudbury%22&f=false|title=Views of the most interesting collegiate and parochial churches in Great Britain|author=Neale, John Preston|publisher=Longman |year=1825|pages=35–36}} 3. ^Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 258 4. ^1 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 233 5. ^Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 86 6. ^{{Cite web | title=Skull scan for Archbishop of Canterbury Simon Theobald | date=17 March 2011 | publisher=BBC Online | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-12775234 | accessdate=20 March 2011 }} 7. ^{{Cite web | title=Face of Simon of Sudbury revealed by forensic artist.| date=13 September 2011 | publisher=BBC Online | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-14896640 | accessdate=13 September 2011}} Page includes illustrations of face. References
13 : Lord Chancellors of England|Archbishops of Canterbury|14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|People from Sudbury, Suffolk|1381 deaths|Bishops of London|Year of birth unknown|Executed people from Suffolk|Year of birth uncertain|People executed under the Plantagenets by decapitation|Executions at the Tower of London|Burials at Canterbury Cathedral|Burials in Suffolk |
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