| 词条 | Maritcha Remond Lyons |
| 释义 |
| name = Maritcha Remond Lyons | image = Maritcha Remond Lyons.jpg | alt = Maritcha Remond Lyons | caption = Maritcha Remond Lyons | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1848|06|23}} | birth_place = New York City, New York, United States | death_date = {{Death date and age|1929|01|28|1848|05|23}} | death_place = Brooklyn, New York, United States | nationality = American | other_names = | occupation = American educator Civic leader Writer | years_active = 1892–1929 | known_for = | notable_works = Maritcha : A Remarkable Nineteenth-Century Girl }} Maritcha Remond Lyons (May 23, 1848 – January 28, 1929) was an American educator, civic leader, feminist, and writer in New York City and Brooklyn, New York. She taught in public schools in Brooklyn for 48 years, and was the second black woman to serve in their system as an assistant principal,[1] eventually becoming a principal. Lyons was a co-founder of the White Rose Mission in Manhattan's San Juan Hill district, which provided support to American migrants from the South and immigrants from the West Indies. Early lifeLyons was born in New York City, the third of five children of Albro Lyons Sr. and Mary Joseph Lyons (née Marshall).[2] Her father was a graduate of the first African Free School in Manhattan, New York. The Lyons family lived in New York City's free black community and were, at one time, residents of Seneca Village. Lyons' parents operated a seamen's home and seamen's outfitting store that served also as a cover for the family's Underground Railroad activities. Though she was very ill as a child, Maritcha was eager to acquire an education. She wrote of herself that she developed a "love of study for study’s sake."[3] Lyons attended Manhattan's Colored School No. 3, under the direction of Charles Reason, a former educator at Philadelphia's Institute for Colored Youth. The Lyons' home was attacked several times during the New York City Draft Riots of July 1863. Lyons was a teenager at the time.[4] She fled with her family to Salem, Massachusetts, for a short time before returning to Brooklyn. Because of the ongoing danger, her parents sent the children to Providence, Rhode Island. In 1865, Lyons was refused entry to the high school in Providence because she was African-American. The state had no high school for black children.[4] The family successfully sued the state of Rhode Island in a campaign to bring an end to segregated schools. At the age of 16, she testified before the state legislature, "plead[ing] for the opening of the door of opportunity".[5] Lyons later became the first African-American student to graduate from Providence High School.[4] CareerTeachingAfter graduating from high school, Lyons returned to New York[6][7][8] to accept a teaching position at Brooklyn's Colored School No. 1, the first African Free School in the Fort Greene neighborhood of Brooklyn. Colored School No. 1 was Brooklyn's first school for African Americans, opened at the current site of the Walt Whitman Houses, one of the largest housing projects in New York City.[9] Lyons, in a teaching career that spanned 50 years, devoted herself to elementary education and became an assistant principal in the Brooklyn schools, including Public School No. 83. Lyons became a well-known lecturer and writer; she once won a debate against Ida B. Wells.[10] ActivismOn October 5, 1892, Lyons and educator and activist Victoria Earle Matthews organized a testimonial dinner in New York’s Lyric Hall for Ida B. Wells and her anti-lynching campaign. They continued to work on this issue, founding the Women’s Loyal Union of New York and Brooklyn. In February 1897, Lyons and Matthews founded the White Rose Mission, which operated from headquarters in Manhattan's San Juan Hill district. Members of the organization met boats at the city's piers and provided meals and lodging for migrants from the South and immigrants from the West Indies.[11] Memoir, writing and bookLyons' memoir and photographs of herself and her family are included in the Harry A. Williamson Papers at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture of the New York Public Library.[12] Her memoir was never published, but includes a breathtaking account of the sacking and burning of her family's home by a mob during the New York City Draft Riots of 1863. These riots were so destructive of black neighborhoods in Manhattan that many African Americans left the city permanently, some moving to Brooklyn for safety. It also descriptions Lyons wrote about her family's involvement in assisting escaping slaves as part of the Underground Railroad in her memoir, Memories of Yesterdays: All of Which I Saw and Part of Which I Was (1928). A book was written about Lyons, Maritcha: A Remarkable Nineteenth-Century Girl, based on her memoir and writing.[4] In addition to her memoir, Lyons contributed eight biographical sketches to Hallie Quinn Brown's Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction (1926),[12] which include sketches of Sarah H. Fayerweather (1802–1868) and Agnes J. Adams (1985–1923).[13] Personal lifeLyons lived in Brooklyn, with her brother and his family, until she died.[7][8][14] Family treeSome of the family members include:
Other
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See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Harry Albro|first1=Williamson|title=Henry Albro Williamson Collection|date=1970|publisher=Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture: New York Public Library|location=New York|url=http://archives.nypl.org/uploads/collection/pdf_finding_aid/Sc_Micro_R-3984.pdf|accessdate=March 23, 2015|format=PDF finding aid}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Mauritchia R Lyons - United States Census, 1870|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MFFZ-3GB|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=March 23, 2015}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=About Lyons - Maritcha Lyons|url=http://www.lyonscommunityschool.org/about-lyons/maritcha-lyons|website=Lyons Community School|accessdate=March 23, 2015}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Schomburg Center Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5zYI0w1cF0|website=Innovation Trail|accessdate=March 23, 2015|format=Video short feature|date=February 10, 2015|quote=Includes segment with Maria Liriano, Associate Chief Librarian, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, on Maritcha Lyons}} 5. ^Maritcha Lyons - Brown University Library Collection. 6. ^{{cite web|title=Maritcha Lyons - United States Census, 1900|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MSN8-SXD|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=March 23, 2015}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Maritcka R Lyons - New York, State Census, 1905|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MKSV-GVF|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=March 23, 2015}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Maritcha R Lyons - United States Census, 1910|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M5QV-CQD|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=March 23, 2015}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Guide to the Colored School No. 1 records 1882-1977 [bulk 1882-1911]|date=1 October 1990|publisher=The New York Public Library|location=Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture|url=http://archives.nypl.org/uploads/collection/generated_finding_aids/scm20890.pdf|accessdate=March 23, 2015|format=PDF}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Whitehead|first1=K. Wise|editor1-last=Gates|editor1-first=Henry Louis|editor2-last=Higginbotham|editor2-first=Evelyn Brooks|chapter=Lyons, Maritcha R.|title=The African American National Biography|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-195-30173-1|pages=426–427|edition=Vol. 5|url=http://www.oxfordaasc.com/|accessdate=March 23, 2015}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Dodson|first1=Howard|last2=Moore|first2=Christopher Paul|last3=Yancy|first3=Roberta|title=The Black New Yorkers: The Schomburg Illustrated Chronology|date=2000|publisher=John Wiley|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-471-29714-7|page=117}} 12. ^1 {{cite book|editor1-last=Smith|editor1-first=Jessie Carney|title=Notable Black American Women Book II Book II|date=1996|publisher=Gale Research|location=Detroit|isbn=978-0-810-39177-2|pages=417–420|edition=1st|chapter=Maritcha R. Lyons}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Lyons|first1=Maritcha Redmond|editor1-last=Brown|editor1-first=Hallie Q.|title=Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction|date=2000|publisher=Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|location=Chapel Hill, N.C.|isbn=978-0-195-05237-4|url=http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm97253/@Generic__BookView|chapter="Sarah H. Fayerweather," "Agnes J. Adams," and 6 others}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Maritcha Lyons - United States Census, 1920|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MJ5P-93R|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=March 23, 2015}} Further reading
External links
12 : 1848 births|1929 deaths|20th-century women writers|20th-century writers|African-American non-fiction writers|American non-fiction writers|African-American schoolteachers|American memoirists|American schoolteachers|Educators from New York (state)|Writers from New York City|Women memoirists |
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