| 词条 | Mark Skolnick |
| 释义 |
Early life and educationHe was born in 1946 in Temple, Texas and earned his B.A. at University of California at Berkeley in 1968 and a Ph.D at Stanford University in 1975.[3] His father taught a clinical post graduate course in psychoanalysis at Stanford, where Skolnick was introduced to the bright Stanford academics at a very young age. “It got put into my head pretty early on that medicine was interesting,” says Skolnick, “but it might be more interesting to be an academic than a doctor. I’m not sure I would have wanted to just focus on seeing ill people.”[4] Skolnick was very good at math but his parents also played a very significant role cultivating his interest in science and in societal causes. “I think I was driven a lot by actually wanting to do something of lasting social significance,” he said.[4] At the age of fourteen he wanted to be a world health doctor, although his early talents were most visible in mathematics. He studied economics at the University of California, Berkeley, focusing on demography and anthropology. He was mostly interested in quantitative problems. He continued his graduate studies in demography in the same university and his ambition was to link these fields with genetics, studying individuals in a population, rather than large population trends. As he says, “The way you study individuals is in pedigrees, by linking fertility, mortality, migration-parameters for single individuals.”[4] He received his PhD from Stanford University in 1975. He then moved to the University of Utah where he began working in collaboration with the Departments of Medical Informatics, Biology, Cardiology and Genetics.[5] He directed the group that cloned the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1; found the full-length sequence of BRCA2.[6] Discovery of BRCAl and BRCA2 genesConnecting Demography with Genetics: According to Skolnick, "the first scientific step in my search of the BRCA gene arose from my interest in demography, the study of human populations. The standard wisdom in the 1960s was that this was small field that should be studied with in the contrast of sociology or economics."[7] He used the demography and applied to genetics and studied individual in multi-generational families. Secondly, he formed familial cancer screenings clinic. Skolnick and his colleagues used this clinic to study a number of people in different families with different types of cancers. As Skolnick states, “ This resources was a key to our success”[7] in finding the BRCA genes. Finally, Skolnick and his group developed a method called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) for genetic mapping which was also a significant resource for human genome project. After that point on his group focused on this technique and started to map and clone genes that caused diseases. The first gene they cloned successfully using this RFLPs was of Alport Syndrome. This technique was one of many later used for the discovery of BRCA.[8] Awards
References1. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/20/science/fierce-competition-marked-fervid-race-for-cancer-gene.html?pagewanted=all |title=Fierce competition marked fervid race for cancer gene |date=September 20, 1994 |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=December 26, 2017}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Skolnick, Mark}}2. ^{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C44&q=Mark+Skolnick&btnG= |title=Mark Skolnick |publisher=scholar.google.com |accessdate=December 26, 2017}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web |url=https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1035960 |title=Mark H. Skolnick |publisher=utah.edu |accessdate=December 26, 2017}} 4. ^1 2 Davies, K., White, M. (1996). Breakthrough, The Race to Find the Breast Cancer Gene. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. {{ISBN|0471120251}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Skolnick, Mark H., Ph.D.: History of the Health Sciences|url=https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1035960|website=Marriott Library Collections|publisher=Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah|accessdate=21 May 2017|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnalc.org/view/15718-Mark-Skolnick.html |title=Mark Skolnick |publisher=dnalc.org |accessdate=December 26, 2017}} 7. ^1 Skolnick, M. Declaration of Mark Skolnick.UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.No.09 Civ.4515 (RWS) 8. ^{{cite journal| pmc=1686077 | pmid=6247908 | volume=32 | title=Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms | date=May 1980 | journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. | pages=314–331 |authorlink1=David Botstein | last1 = Botstein | first1 = D|authorlink2=Raymond L. White | last2 = White | first2 = RL | last3 = Skolnick | first3 = M | last4 = Davis | first4 = RW |authorlink4=Ronald W. Davis}} 9. ^{{cite news |last1=Angier |first1=Natalie |title=Fierce Competition Marked Fervid Race For Cancer Gene |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/20/science/fierce-competition-marked-fervid-race-for-cancer-gene.html |accessdate=October 15, 2018 |work=New York Times |date=September 20, 1994}} 6 : People from Temple, Texas|University of California, Berkeley alumni|University of Utah faculty|Stanford University alumni|1946 births|Living people |
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