| 词条 | Singer Building | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Singer Building | image = SingerBuilding crop.jpg | image_size = 250px | highest_prev = Philadelphia City Hall | highest_next = Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower | highest_start = 1908 | highest_end = 1909 | location = 149 Broadway New York City, New York | coordinates = {{coord|40.70982|-74.01001|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | pushpin_label = | completion_date = 1908 | demolished_date = 1968 | status = demolished | building_type = Commercial offices | antenna_spire = | roof = {{convert|186.6|m|abbr=on}} | top_floor = | floor_count = 47 | elevator_count = | cost = | floor_area = | architect = Ernest Flagg | structural_engineer= Boller & Hodge | main_contractor = General Supply & Construction Company | developer = | owner = | management = | references = [1][2][3] }} The Singer Building or Singer Tower was a 47-story office building in Lower Manhattan, New York City, completed in 1908 as the headquarters of the Singer Manufacturing Company.[4] It was located at Liberty Street and Broadway in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. It was the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909. It was torn down in 1968, together with the adjacent City Investing Building, and is now the site of One Liberty Plaza. When it was razed, it became the tallest building ever to be demolished.[5] It is currently the third-tallest building ever to be destroyed (after the World Trade Center's Twin Towers) and the tallest to be purposely demolished by its owner. HistoryConstruction and designThe building was commissioned by Frederick Bourne, the head of the Singer Sewing Machine Company. He hired architect Ernest Flagg, who was an early exponent of the Beaux-Arts architectural style.[6] Flagg had also designed the company's previous headquarters at 561 Broadway between Prince and Spring Streets—in what is now the SoHo neighborhood—which was referred to as the "Little Singer Building" after the new building was erected.[7][8] Plans and working drawings were prepared by George W. Conable.[9] Flagg believed that buildings more than 10 or 15 stories high should be set back from the street, with the tower occupying only a quarter of the lot.[6] The 12-story base of the building filled an entire blockfront, while the tower above was relatively narrow. The tower floors were squares 65 feet (20 m) on a side. New York Times architectural critic Christopher Gray wrote in 2005: The lobby had the quality of "celestial radiance" seen in world's-fair and exposition architecture of the period, as the author Mardges Bacon described it in her 1986 monograph "Ernest Flagg" (Architectural History Foundation, MIT Press). A forest of marble columns rose high to a series of multiple small domes of delicate plasterwork, and Flagg trimmed the columns with bronze beading. A series of large bronze medallions placed at the top of the columns were alternately rendered in the monogram of the Singer company and, quite inventively, as a huge needle, thread and bobbin.[6] At {{Convert|612|ft|m}} tall, the Singer Building was the tallest office building in the world from its completion in 1908 until the completion in 1909 of the {{convert|700|ft|m|adj=on}} Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower at 23rd Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan.[6] Early history and tenantsAs of November 1921, Catham and Phenix National Bank had its main office in the Singer Building.[10] Later history and demolitionIn 1961, Singer sold the building and subsequently moved to Rockefeller Center.[6][11] The building was then acquired by real estate developer William Zeckendorf, who sought unsuccessfully for the New York Stock Exchange to move there. In 1964, United States Steel acquired the building, along with the neighboring City Investing Building, for demolition. By the 1960s, the building was uneconomical because of its small interior dimensions. The tower portion of the building contained only {{convert|4200|sqft|m2}} per floor, compared with {{convert|37000|sqft|m2}} per floor of the building that replaced it, the U.S. Steel Building (currently known as One Liberty Plaza).[6] Although New York had a newly created Landmarks Preservation Commission by the time demolition commenced in 1967, and the Singer Building was considered to be one of the most iconic buildings in the city, it did not receive landmark designation, which would have prevented it from being torn down. Alan Burnham, executive director of the commission, said in August 1967 that if the building were to have been made a landmark, the city would have to either find a buyer for it or acquire it. Demolition commenced in August 1967 and was completed the following year. At the time, it was the tallest building ever to be destroyed until the September 11, 2001 attacks, when the World Trade Center one block over collapsed. The Singer Building is currently the third-tallest building to be destroyed, and is still the tallest building whose razing was anticipated.[12] However, it is set to cede this distinction with the demolition of the 707-foot-tall 270 Park Avenue, which is set to begin in early 2019. [13] GallerySee also
References1. ^{{emporis|102519}} 2. ^{{skyscraperpage|1031}} 3. ^{{structurae|20002471}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last=Ripley |first=Charles M. |date=October 1907 |title=A Building Forty-Seven Stories High |journal=The World's Work: A History of Our Time |volume=XIV |issue= |pages=9459–9461 |accessdate=July 10, 2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sojNAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9459}} 5. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20535821 |title = How do you demolish a skyscraper? |author = Jon Kelly |publisher = BBC |date = December 6, 2012 |work = BBC News Magazine |accessdate= December 12, 2012 }} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2005/01/02/realestate/02scap.html|title=Streetscapes: Once the Tallest Building, but Since 1967 a Ghost|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=January 2, 2005|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 1, 2010}} 7. ^{{cite AIA4}}, p.100 8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/realestate/style-standard-for-early-steel-framed-skyscraper.html?scp=896&sq=corning&st=nyt|title=Style Standard for Early Steel-Framed Skyscraper|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=June 29, 1997|work=The New York Times|page=7|accessdate=August 1, 2010}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7335|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Jamaica Chamber of Commerce Building|date=April 1983|accessdate=January 16, 2011|author=Larry E. Gobrecht|publisher=New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GpIFGIXR?url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7335|archivedate=May 23, 2013|df=}} 10. ^{{Citation | date =November 8, 1921| title =Catham & Phenix Completes Merger; Buys Control in New York County National, to Be Made a Twelfth Branch. Expansion Policy is Old - Larger Institution Has Increased Its Trade Centres Ever Since Middle of Last Century.| publisher =The New York Times| publication-place =New York City| page =37| url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DEEDB1431EF33A2575BC0A9679D946095D6CF&legacy=true| accessdate =February 16, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F10710F6345F1A718DDDAB0A94D0405B878AF1D3|title=Landmark on Lower Broadway to Go|last=Fried|first=Joseph P.|date=Aug 22, 1967|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 2, 2010}} 12. ^{{cite AIA4}}, p.42 13. ^https://www.6sqft.com/demolition-permits-filed-for-worlds-tallest-teardown-at-270-park-avenue/ External links{{Commons category|149 Broadway Singer Building}}
187 m}}{{S-aft|rows=2|after=Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower}}{{S-ttl|title=Tallest building in the United States|years=1908–1909 187 m}}{{Succession box | before=Park Row Building | title=Tallest building in New York | years=1906–1909 187 m | after=Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower }}{{S-end}}{{Broadway (Manhattan)}}{{Buildings in New York City timeline}} 13 : Headquarters in the United States|Destroyed landmarks in New York (state)|Demolished buildings and structures in New York City|Former world's tallest buildings|Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan|Buildings and structures demolished in 1968|Former skyscrapers|Broadway (Manhattan)|Financial District, Manhattan|1908 establishments in New York (state)|Beaux-Arts architecture in New York City|Office buildings completed in 1908|Trust Company of America |
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