| 词条 | Marsupenaeus |
| 释义 |
| name = Marsupenaeus japonicus | image = Marsupenaeus japonicus - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC07540.JPG | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Crustacea | classis = Malacostraca | ordo = Decapoda | familia = Penaeidae | genus = Marsupenaeus | genus_authority = Tirmizi, 1971 | species = M. japonicus | binomial = Marsupenaeus japonicus | binomial_authority = (Spence Bate, 1888) [1] | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [1] }}{{Commons category|Marsupenaeus}} Marsupenaeus japonicus, known as the kuruma shrimp, kuruma prawn, or Japanese tiger prawn, is a species of prawn. It occurs naturally in bays and seas of the Indo-West Pacific, but has also reached the Mediterranean Sea as a Lessepsian migrant. It is one of the largest species of prawns, and is accordingly one of the most economically important species in the family. DescriptionMales of M. japonicus can reach a total length of {{convert|17|cm|abbr=on}}, while females may reach {{convert|27|cm|abbr=on}}[3] and a mass of {{convert|130|g}}, making it one of the largest species in the family Penaeidae.[2] The body is pale, with brown bands across the back, while the pereiopods and pleopods (walking and swimming legs, respectively) are pale yellow near their bases, and blue near the tips.[2] The rostrum bears 8–10 spines on the top, and one or two below.[2] Ecology and behaviourM. japonicus lives in bays and inland seas, particularly where warm currents occur.[2] It is nocturnal, remaining buried in the substrate during the day.[3] Its predators include bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes.[3]When the sea temperature exceeds {{convert|20|C|F}}, spawning can begin.[2] During copulation, the male transfers a spermatophore to the female, which she stores in a seminal receptacle. She travels to deep water, where she then releases around 700,000 eggs.[2] These hatch as nauplii, and pass through further five nauplius stages, three zoeae, and three mysis stages by moulting before reaching the postlarval stage.[2] Distribution and invasivenessThe natural distribution of M. japonicus extends from the coast of East Africa and the Red Sea as far east as Fiji and Japan.[3] M. japonicus has entered the Mediterranean Sea as a Lessepsian migrant, through the Suez Canal. It was first observed in Egypt in 1924, and has since spread through the Levant and around the coast of Turkey.[3] Further populations have been established after the species was released at various sites around France, Italy, and Greece. TaxonomyThe species was first described by Charles Spence Bate in 1888 as "Penaeus canaliculatus var. japonicus". In 1971, N. M. Tirmizi established a new subgenus of Penaeus for P. japonicus,[4] and raised to the rank of genus by Isabel Pérez Farfante and Brian Kensley in 1997.[5] M. japonicus remains the only species in the genus.[6] Common names for the species include "kuruma shrimp",[2] "kuruma prawn"[3] and "Japanese tiger prawn".[7]ImportanceM. japonicus is considered "one of the most economically important members of the family Penaeidae".[2] In its introduced range, it is the subject of fishing by trawling in the eastern Mediterranean, especially around the Gulf of İskenderun.[3] It is also fished in various parts of its natural range, but its greatest importance is in aquaculture; since 2003, more than {{convert|38000|t|lb}} have been produced in shrimp farms annually, and the value of the annual catch exceeds US$200 million.[8]References1. ^1 {{cite WoRMS |author=Charles Fransen & Michael Türkay |year=2012 |title=Marsupenaeus japonicus (Spence Bate, 1888) |id=107102 |accessdate=February 7, 2012}} {{Authority control}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q908130}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/?compid=5&dsid=71092&loadmodule=datasheet&page=481&site=144 |title=Marsupenaeus japonicus (kuruma shrimp) |work=Invasive Species Compendium |publisher=CAB International |accessdate=February 7, 2012}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |author=B. S. Galil |date=November 6, 2006 |title=Marsupenaeus japonicus |work=Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe |url=http://www.europe-aliens.org/pdf/Marsupenaeus_japonicus.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=February 7, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=N. M. Tirmizi |year=1971 |title=Marsupenaeus, a new subgenus of Penaeus Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda, Natantia) |journal=Pakistan Journal of Zoology |volume=3 |pages=193–194}} 5. ^{{cite journal |author1=Patsy A. McLaughlin |author2=Rafael Lemaitre |author3=Frank D. Ferrari |author4=Darryl L. Felder |author5=R. T. Bauer |year=2008 |title=A reply to T. W. Flegel |journal=Aquaculture |volume=275 |pages=370–373 |url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/31406/31406.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.020}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=S. De Grave & C. H. J. M. Fransen |year=2011 |title=Carideorum Catalogus: the Recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) |journal=Zoologische Mededelingen |volume=85 |issue=9 |pages=195–589, figs. 1–59 |isbn=978-90-6519-200-4 |publisher= |url=http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/85/nr02/a01 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121220093841/http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/85/nr02/a01 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-12-20 }} 7. ^{{cite book |author=Donald V. Lightner |chapter=The penaeid shrimp viruses TSV, IHHNV, WSSV, and YHV: current status in the Americas, available diagnostic methods, and management strategies |editor1=Chhorn Lim |editor2=Carl D. Webster |year=2001 |title=Nutrition and Fish Health |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-56022-887-5 |pages=79–102 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PB3YfasHkQoC&pg=PA83}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2584/en |title=Species Fact Sheets: Penaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888) |work=FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate=February 7, 2012}} 6 : Penaeidae|Edible crustaceans|Commercial crustaceans|Monotypic crustacean genera|Animals described in 1888|Taxa named by Charles Spence Bate |
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