| 词条 | Atypical tarantula |
| 释义 |
| name = Atypical tarantulas | image = Sphodros rufines.JPG | image_caption = Sphodros rufipes | taxon = Atypidae | authority = Thorell, 1870 | diversity_link = List of Atypidae species | diversity = 3 genera, 43 species | range_map = Distribution.atypidae.1.png | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =Atypus Calommata Sphodros }} The atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders (family Atypidae) consist of only three genera. Purseweb spiders are accomplished ambush predators that spend most of their time in a sock-like, silken retreat on the ground from where they kill their prey.[1] DistributionIn North America, Sphodros and Atypus occur, in Asia and Africa are Atypus and Calommata, and only Atypus spp. are found in Europe.[2] Atypus affinis, A. muralis. and A. piceus are the only species of this family found in, as well as the only mygalomorph spiders of northwestern Europe. BiologyAtypus builds a silken tube parallel to the surface of the ground. While up to 8 cm of the tube lie on the ground, about 20 cm are buried vertically. The spider rests at the bottom of the tube. When prey walks on the exposed part, the spider, alerted by the vibrations, stabs the prey through the silk, cuts the web and drags the prey inside to be eaten. Calommata species, instead of building a purse web, live in burrows.[3]Sphodros spp. usually prop their tubes against a tree trunk. Atypical tarantulas have huge chelicerae for their size and relatively long spinnerets (although not as long as those found in diplurids). The males are sometimes brightly colored and wander around looking for females in their tubes. The females are reddish-brown or dark-colored. During the breeding season for A. affinis, the male leaves his own burrow and goes in search of females. When he finds the burrow of a female, he tentatively taps on the wall of the purse web, and if the female is receptive, he ventures into the confines of the burrow. The two spiders mate and cohabit until the male dies, when the female eats him. The female makes an egg sac and hangs it in her burrow. The next summer, the eggs hatch, and the spring after that, the spiderlings leave their mother's burrow and wander off to find a suitable place to build a lair of their own.[1] Southeast Asian Atypus species have a body length of 7 to 21 mm in females, and about 12 mm in males. Calommata spp. of this region grow from 23 to 30 mm in females, and only about 7 mm in males.[3] {{clearleft}}Genera
See also
Footnotes1. ^1 Piper, Ross (2007), Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, Greenwood Press. 2. ^Platnick 2008 3. ^1 Murphy & Murphy 2000 References
External links{{Wikispecies|Atypidae}}{{commons category|Atypidae}}
3 : Atypidae|Spiders of Asia|Spiders of North America |
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