| 词条 | Mary E. Clarke | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Mary E. Clarke | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = MaryEClarke.jpg{{!}}border | image_size = 305 | alt = Mary E. Clarke | caption = Clarke during the late-1970s | birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|03}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|06|10|1924|12|03}} | birth_place = Rochester, New York, U.S. | death_place = San Antonio, Texas, U.S. | placeofburial = Section 50A, Site 127, Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery, Bexar County, Texas, U.S.[1] | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = "Betty" | birth_name = Mary Elizabeth Clarke | allegiance = {{flag|United States|name=United States of America|1960|size=23px}} | branch = {{Army|United States|size=23px}} | serviceyears = 1945-1981 | rank = Major general | servicenumber = | unit = Women's Army Corps | commands = | battles = | battles_label = | awards = Legion of Merit Meritorious Service Medal Army Commendation Medal Good Conduct Medal WAC Service Medal Army of Occupation Medal Medal for Humane Action National Defense Service Medal | spouse = | relations = | laterwork = Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services | signature = | website = }} Mary Elizabeth "Betty" Clarke (December 3, 1924{{spaced ndash}}June 10, 2011) was a United States Army officer who served as the director of the Women's Army Corps. She was the first woman to attain the rank of major general in the U.S. Army. Clarke served in the U.S. Army for 36 years, the longest service of any woman for a U.S. Army career.{{sfn|Read|Witlieb|1992|p=92}} Norwich University awarded her an Honorary Doctorate in military science in 1978.{{sfn|Read|Witlieb|1992|p=92}} Clarke retired in 1981 and was appointed to the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services.{{sfn|Read|Witlieb|1992|p=92}} Early life and educationClarke was born in Rochester, New York on December 3, 1924.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=149}} She attended the Rochester Immaculate Conception Grammar School and Rochester West High School.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=149}} CareerClarke's first jobs were as a secretary and defense worker before she turned twenty-one.[1] On August 10, 1945, at the age of 21, she enlisted in the Women's Army Corps (WAC) just before World War II ended.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=149}} Clarke was expecting to serve until the war ended, plus a few additional months.{{sfn|Read|Witlieb|1992|p=93}} A male commander stated that it was unlikely she would even make it through the officers training program.{{sfn|Read|Witlieb|1992|p=93}} Clarke then decided to stay and made it through the initial training, served in the enlisted ranks for four years and was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1949. She went on to serve for 36 years making a career of the U.S. Army and the woman that has served the longest in the military.{{sfn|Read|Witlieb|1992|p=93}}{{sfn|Baron|1998|p=67}} Most of this time she spent in the Women's Army Corps.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=149}} Clarke did her basic training at Fort Des Moines Provisional Army Officer Training School in Iowa. Upon completion of basic training she was then immediately assigned to being a supply sergeant at Camp Stoneman, California. Her next assignment was in 1948 at Berlin, Germany. While in Berlin she was in the middle of the Berlin Airlift crisis.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=149}} She then served at the U.S. Army Chemical Center and Valley Forge General Hospital. Clarke then recruited for a year. Clarke attended the WAC Officer Candidate School and after the schooling she became a WAC commissioned officer as a second lieutenant on September 29, 1949.[1] Then she served two years at a WAC unit as a commanding officer in Tokyo before going back to the United States.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=149}} Clarke then held several officer's positions from 1958 through 1971 in Texas, Alabama, Maryland, California and Washington, D.C. In Washington, D.C., she worked at the Office of Equal Opportunity and Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel. She also did WAC training and advisement. Clarke was promoted to colonel in 1972 to become the commander of the U.S. WAC Center and School in Fort McClellan.[1] In 1974 she was the chief of the WAC Advisory Office. In 1975 Clarke became brigadier general and served as the final director of the WAC. In 1976 she had special courses at the U.S. Military Academy Preparatory School to prepare women to attend military academies, since women were then allowed to attend by an executive order of President Gerald Ford.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=149}} Clarke was the last director of the WAC (1975–1978) until it was dissolved at the end of her tenure in 1978.{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=150}} After this assignment she was given the rank of a two-star general and promoted to major general in June 1978. She then immediately became commander of the U.S. Army Military Police School and Training Center upon leaving the WAC and during her tenure, oversaw the return of the U.S. Army Chemical School in 1979 to its former home. Now with three major missions, a basic Training Brigade, the Army Military Police School and the Army Chemical School, she became commander of The U.S. Army Military Police and Chemical Schools, Training Center, Fort McClellan, Alabama. {{sfn|Frank|2013|p=150}}{{sfn|Frank|2013|p=150}}{{sfn|Read|Witlieb|1992|p=92}}{{sfn|Baron|1998|p=67}} Clarke was the first woman to achieve the rank of major general in the U.S. Army.{{sfn|American Forces Press Service|1978|p=20}}{{sfn|Air Force|1978|p=37|loc=vol 61}}{{sfn|US Army|1995|p=9}}{{sfn|Baron|1998|p=67}}{{sfn|Franck|Brownstone|1995|p=540}} Later life and deathClarke was director of human resources development for the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff in Washington, D.C. in 1980. She was there until she retired in 1981. Clarke died June 10, 2011, in San Antonio, Texas. She is buried at the Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery in Bexar County, Texas.[1] Award and decorations
Promotions
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.ausa.org/news/2011/Pages/MajGenMaryEClarke.aspx |title=Maj. Gen. Mary E. Clarke – Extraordinary Soldier --Dies at 87 |author= |date=2011-06-14 |website=AUSA |publisher=United States Army |accessdate=11 January 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109140115/http://www.ausa.org/news/2011/Pages/MajGenMaryEClarke.aspx |archivedate=9 January 2014 |df= }} Bibliography
Further reading
External links
| grid = 71137882 | name = Mary Elizabeth 'Betty' Clarke | date = June 10, 2011 | accessdate = January 14, 2014 | author = Marie C. Karban | work ={{DEFAULTSORT:Clarke, Mary E.}} 6 : 1924 births|2011 deaths|American women civil servants|Female generals of the United States Army|Military personnel from Rochester, New York|Recipients of the Legion of Merit |
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