“Mary Jo Ondrechen”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mary Jo Ondrechen (born 1953) is a chemist, educator, researcher, community leader and activist. She serves as Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Principal Investigator^[1] of the Computational Biology Research Group at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts.

Education

Mary Jo Ondrechen received an American Chemical Society certified bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Reed College, Portland, Oregon in 1974. She pursued doctoral studies in Chemistry and Chemical Physics at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois and earned the Ph.D. degree in 1978, under the direction of Mark A. Ratner.^[2] After postdoctoral research appointments at the University of Chicago and at Tel-Aviv University in Israel, the latter as a NATO Postdoctoral Fellow, she joined the faculty at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts in 1980.^[3]

Research and discoveries

Her earlier research achievements include the design of molecules and materials with desirable spectroscopic and conductive properties, prediction of electric field effects in molecules and proteins, the optimization of energy conversion devices, and the design and characterization of ionic conductor materials for rechargeable batteries. Her current research activities include modeling of biological macromolecules^[4] and predictive calculations for functional genomics.

She co-developed THEMATICS^[5]^[6]^[7] (Theoretical Microscopic Anomalous Titration Curve Shapes), a simple computational predictor of functional information about proteins from their three-dimensional structure alone. THEMATICS predicts catalytic and binding sites in proteins with high sensitivity and good selectivity. A unique and powerful feature of her THEMATICS method is that it requires neither sequence nor structural comparisons and hence applies to novel folds, orphan sequences, and also to engineered polypeptide systems.

She is also the co-developer of a novel machine learning technology called Partial Order Optimum Likelihood (POOL).^[8] POOL is a monotonicity-constrained maximum likelihood method for the prediction of properties that depend monotonically on the input features. This powerful method, coupled with THEMATICS input features, is a top-performing active site predictor for protein structures.

These methods are also being used for the successful annotation of structural genomics proteins, i.e. for the discovery of the function of gene products whose function is currently unknown. Her Structurally Aligned Local Sites of Activity (SALSA) method uses local sets of amino acid residues that are computationally predicted to be active in catalysis to identify the biochemical function of enzyme structures of unknown function.

These computational methods are also currently used to understand how enzymes affect catalysis.^[9] Specifically Professor Ondrechen has pioneered the concept of spatially extended enzyme active sites, and that the participation of amino acids, even if they are distant from the site of the catalyzed reaction, may be predicted with a simple calculation.^[10]

Her research group has also developed computational methods to improve the design of artificial enzymes.

Community activism

Professor Ondrechen is a community leader and activist. She has recently served on the Board of Advisors of the Washington, DC-based Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC), representing the interests of community and tribal stakeholders.^[11] She is the former President of the Board of Directors of the North American Indian Center of Boston (NAICOB)^[12] and served as Chair of the Board of Directors of the Albuquerque, New Mexico-based American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) from 2011 to 2013.^[13] A passionate advocate for stewardship of the Earth, she previously has served on the Conservation Commission for Hopkinton, Massachusetts and on the Community Leaders Network of the U.S. Department of Energy. She has been particularly active in the promotion of innovative technologies to solve environmental problems.^[14]^[15]^[16] She also actively advocates for the inclusion of public and tribal stakeholders in environmental evaluation, decision-making, and management.

She has given numerous presentations on diversity and inclusiveness in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.^[17]^[18]

References

1. ^Northeastern University College of Science Faculty - Chemistry and Chemical Biology. (2014).
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://chemgroups.northwestern.edu/ratner/|title=Ratner Group – Home of the Ratner Research Group|website=chemgroups.northwestern.edu}}
3. ^Pollastri, M.P. (2017)
4. ^Finley, A., Investigating Enzyme-Substrate Interactions with Vitamin B6. (1999).
5. ^[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/10/011030225809.htm Protein Function Predicted With New "THEMATICS" Method Developed By Northeastern University & Brandeis Scientists]. ScienceDaily, (2001).
6. ^Borman, S., From sequence to consequence. Chemical and Engineering News, 79(48): p. 31-33 (2001).
7. ^Ball, P., Computers spot shape clues. Nature, (2001).
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Somarowthu|first=Srinivas|last2=Yang|first2=Huyuan|last3=Hildebrand|first3=David G. C.|last4=Ondrechen|first4=Mary Jo|date=2011-06-01|title=High-performance prediction of functional residues in proteins with machine learning and computed input features|journal=Biopolymers|volume=95|issue=6|pages=390–400|doi=10.1002/bip.21589|issn=0006-3525|pmid=21254002}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ondrechen|first=Mary Jo|last2=Clifton|first2=James G.|last3=Ringe|first3=Dagmar|date=2001-10-23|title=THEMATICS: A simple computational predictor of enzyme function from structure|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=98|issue=22|pages=12473–12478|doi=10.1073/pnas.211436698|issn=0027-8424|pmc=60078|pmid=11606719}}
10. ^Herring, A., Form and function in enzyme activity. (2012).
11. ^Willett, A., (2012)
12. ^Dunn, J., About NAICOB. (2013).
13. ^EchoHawk, S., AISES Board of Directors. (2014).
14. ^In Situ Chemical Oxidation. (2000).
15. ^Technical and Regulatory Guidance for the Triad Approach: A New Paradigm for Environmental Project Management. (2003).
16. ^[https://www.scribd.com/doc/46813094/Dpt-Wells-for-Gwm-Itrc The Use of Direct Push Well Technology for Long-term Environmental Monitoring in Groundwater Investigations]. (2006).
17. ^Hernandez, R., OXIDE Biography: Mary Jo Ondrechen. (2014).
18. ^Pathways to Science, Mary Jo Ondrechen. (2012).