“Mary Melissa Hoadley Dodge”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mary Melissa Hoadley Dodge (August 21, 1861 – December 24, 1934) was an American heiress who moved to England and sponsored many causes during her life, including women's suffrage, Theosophy and the arts.

Move to London

She was the daughter of Sarah Tappan Hoadley (August 16, 1832 - January 10, 1909) and William Earl Dodge, Jr. (1832-1903) from New York. The family wealth came from a mercantile business that developed into one of the largest copper mining and copper wire manufacturing companies in America called Phelps, Dodge & Co. Mary was one of six children and she, like her sister Grace Hoadley Dodge (1856-1914), remained unmarried and lived with her parents for several years. To seek some independence, Mary moved to London, England. Her father supported her decision, and purchased a house for her in Brompton Square, where she lived with a female companion from New York named Julia Fairchild Schreiner (1864-1953).^[1]

Dodge moved from Brompton Square to the more fashionable Eaton Square, and then to Warwick House in the precincts of St James’s Palace.^[2] She also had a residence named West Side House, located on West Side, Wimbledon Common, in south-west London. She was well-connected in London society, and corresponded with authors, artists and others including Lord Baden-Powell, Henry James and John Singer Sargent.^[3] She took pleasure in spending her money on friends, and once took seven guests to the Baltic Sea on board a hired yacht. One of the party, architect Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens (1869-1944), wrote of the experience:

He also remarked that she seemed to tire easily, and that this was the result of an arthritic condition.

Another example of her generosity was when she hired His Majesty's Theatre and paid all production costs for six performances of an opera titled The Wreckers by another friend, composer and author Dame Ethel Mary Smyth (1858-1944).

Theosophy

Dodge gained a new companion at Warwick House, Countess Muriel De La Warr (née Muriel Agnes Brassey) (1872-1930)^[5] (daughter of Lord Thomas Brassey), who had divorced her husband Gilbert Sackville, 8th Earl De La Warr in 1902. Lady Emily Lutyens (1874-1964),^[6] architect Edwin Lutyens' wife, introduced Mary and Muriel to Theosophy and to the works of Annie Besant (1847-1933). Dodge provided financial support for the Theosophical Society and for the construction of its London headquarters (designed by Edwin Lutyens) in Tavistock Square.^[7] The building is now BMA House, the headquarters of the British Medical Association. On May 5, 1911 Besant arrived in London from India with Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986) - identified as their future spiritual leader - and his brother Nitya (1898-1925).^[8] When in England during the period 1911-1919, the Krishnamurti brothers lodged in quite a few different places, including with Mary Dodge at West Side House, and in lodgings provided by Muriel De La Warr in 2 different locations: sometimes Old Lodge in Ashdown Forest, Sussex, and sometimes a flat at No. 2 Robert Street, Adelphi, London. In 1913 Dodge settled £500 per year for life on Jiddu, and £300 per year on Jiddu's brother Nitya during the years Nitya was a student at Oxford University.^[9]

Suffrage

Dodge and De La Warr also supported the Suffragette movement and became involved with Francis Meynell. They helped him and George Lansbury purchase the Daily Herald, a bankrupt Labour newspaper. It was re-launched as a socialist daily newspaper and supported the militant suffrage campaign. Later the two ladies helped Meynell create the Pelican Press.^[10]

Final Years

Despite her great wealth, Dodge was hit by the Depression years and had to cut back on her generosity. Her illness also confined her to a wheelchair in later years. She downsized in London and eventually moved to Wick Hall, Hove, on the south coast of England in about 1930, giving up her houses in London and Wimbledon. Esmond Harmsworth, 2nd Viscount Rothermere became the new owner of Warwick House in 1923. Mary Dodge died on Christmas Eve 1934, leaving about three million dollars, mainly to family and friends.^[11]

Family

m.1879
Emmeline Harriman|CHD=Cleveland Hoadley Dodge
(1860-1926)
m.1883
Grace Parish
(1858-1949)|MMHD=Mary Melissa Hoadley Dodge
(1861-1934)|ACHD=Alice Clinton Hoadley Dodge
(1865-1948)
m.1886
William Church Osborn
(1861-1951)|MJD=Morris Jesup Dodge
(1867-1875)
}}

References

1. ^Julia Fairchild Schreiner (1864 - July 27, 1953) - In 1914 Julia married English diplomat Sir Robert Hyde Greg (December 24, 1876 - December 3, 1953), who in his lifetime held several diplomatic posts, including that of British Commissioner for the Public Debt in Egypt (1929-1940). Julia died in England. Robert died in Cairo, Egypt, and is buried in the Cairo War Cemetery, Misr Al Qadimah, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
2. ^{{cite news|title=Miss Dodge takes old WarWick House|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1907/10/09/104996507.pdf|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=October 9, 1907}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Osborn and Dodge Family Papers|url=http://rbsc.princeton.edu/collections/osborn-and-dodge-family-papers|website=Princeton University Library - THE DEPARTMENT OF RARE BOOKS AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS|accessdate=28 February 2017}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Hussey|first1=Christopher|title=The Life of Sir Edwin Lutyens|date=1984|publisher=Country Life Ltd|isbn=|page=158}}
5. ^Countess Muriel De La Warr (née Muriel Agnes Brassey) (April 21, 1872 - August 8, 1930)
6. ^Lady Emily Lutyens (née Emily Bulwer-Lytton) (December 26, 1874 - January 3, 1964) - She was a daughter of Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton (November 8, 1831 - November 24, 1891), Viceroy of India (1876-1880), and Edith Villiers (September 15, 1841 - September 17, 1936).
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Hussey|first1=Christopher|title=The Life of Sir Edwin Lutyens|date=1984|publisher=Country Life Ltd|isbn=|page=329}}
8. ^Nitya Krishnamurti (May 30, 1898 - November 13, 1925) - His full name was Jiddu Nityananda Krishnamurti, but he was usually referred to as "Nitya" in order to distinguish him from his older brother Jiddu (1895-1986). Nitya had weak lungs, and died of pneumonia and tuberculosis in Ojai, California.
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Lutyens|first1=Mary|title=Krishnamurti the Years of Fulfilment|date=1983|publisher=Farrar Straus Giroux|location=New York|pages=3, 4}}
10. ^{{cite book|last1=Dodge|first1=Phyllis B.|title=Tales of the Phelps-Dodge Family|date=1987|publisher=New York Historical Society|location=New York|page=Chapter 17}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Miss Dodge had $2,787,616 net|publisher=The New York Sun|date=April 22, 1937}}