| 词条 | Marzuki Darusman |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name = Marzuki Darusman |native_name = |native_name_lang = |honorific-suffix = |image = Marzuki Darusman.jpg |imagesi♫ze = 150px |smallimage = |alt = |caption = |order = |office1 = Attorney General of Indonesia |term_start1 = November 1999 |term_end1 = June 2001 |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|1|26}} |birth_place = Bogor, West Java, Indonesia |death_date = |death_place = |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |birthname = |citizenship = |nationality = Indonesia |party = Golkar |otherparty = |spouse = |partner = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = Parahyangan Catholic University |occupation = lawyer |profession = |cabinet = |committees = |portfolio = |religion = |signature = |signature_alt = |website = |footnotes = |blank1 = |data1 = |blank2 = |data2 = |blank3 = |data3 = |blank4 = |data4 = |blank5 = |data5 = |nickname = |allegiance = |branch = |serviceyears = |rank = |unit = |commands = |battles = |awards = |military_blank1 = |military_data1 = |military_blank2 = |military_data2 = |military_blank3 = |military_data3 = |military_blank4 = |military_data4 = |military_blank5 = |military_data5 = }} Marzuki Darusman (born 26 January 1945) is an Indonesian lawyer and human rights campaigner. After fifteen years as a member of the People's Representative Council with President Suharto's Golkar party, he served the country's prosecutor general from 1999 to 2001. Darusman has served on several national and international human rights commissions, and in August 2010, he became founding director of the Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN. He has served as chair of an independent Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar under the UN Human Rights Council since July 2017. He served as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the DPRK (2010-2016) and member of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea (2013 to 2014). In 2010, he was assigned to serve as chair of the UN Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Sri Lanka and in 2009 he was appointed by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to a three-member UN Commission of Inquiry to investigate the assassination of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. [1] BackgroundDarusman was born in Bogor, West Java, in 1945.{{sfn|Bahari|2011|p=124}} The son of Suryono Darusman, a diplomat, he spent much of his childhood in Europe; this later influenced his thoughts on social norms and equality,{{sfn|Business Week 2000, The Stars of Asia}}{{sfn|JCG, Suryono Darusman}} as Darusman found the class differences present in Indonesia disturbing.{{sfn|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}} His brother, Chandra, went on to be a composer.{{sfn|JCG, Suryono Darusman}} In 1965, after a period protesting then-president Sukarno, Darusman entered politics as a member of Golkar, which after the overthrow of Sukarno became the party of President Suharto.{{sfn|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}} In 1974 he graduated from law school at Parahyangan Catholic University in Bandung.{{sfn|Bahari|2011|p=124}} With Golkar, Darusman spent fifteen years as a member of the People's Representative Council, representing Bandung.{{sfn|Business Week 2000, The Stars of Asia}} In 1994, Darusman was one of the first members of the National Commission on Human Rights.{{sfn|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}} In 1998, after the fall of President Suharto in May, Darusman was a member of the Joint Fact Finding Team, which looked into the widespread rioting and pogroms before the president's resignation.{{sfn|Bahari|2011|p=124}} Meanwhile, Darusman seized power within Golkar – torn between pro- and contra-Suharto factions – and reorganised the party. He subsequently convinced the party to support Muslim cleric Abdurrahman Wahid, of Nahdlatul Ulama, for president.{{sfn|Business Week 2000, The Stars of Asia}} National officesIn November 1999 Darusman was chosen Attorney General of Indonesia, replacing acting Prosecutor General Ismudjoko;{{sfn|The Jakarta Post 2000, Lawsuit against attorney}} he had previously been considered for Foreign Minister, a post which ultimately went to Alwi Shihab.{{sfn|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}} In the position, he worked to combat corruption; among those convicted for corruption while Darusman served were former Minister of Trade and Industry Bob Hasan and Bank of Indonesia governor Syahril Sabirin;{{sfn|Bahari|2011|p=124}} he also limited Suharto's movements and brought corruption charges against the former president and several charities he ran.{{sfn|The Jakarta Post 2000, Lawsuit against attorney}} In criminal law, Darusman was instrumental in removing former Chief of the Armed Forces Wiranto from his cabinet position, later bringing Wiranto to trial for alleged human rights violations in East Timor and several military members to trial for issues in Aceh. During this time, he was the third most heavily guarded political figure in the country, behind President Wahid and Vice-President Megawati Sukarnoputri.{{sfn|Business Week 2000, The Stars of Asia}} Darusman's term ended in June 2001, when he was replaced with former Minister of Law and Human Rights Baharuddin Lopa.{{sfn|Bahari|2011|p=124}} The following month he was appointed Cabinet Secretary.{{sfn|The Jakarta Post 2001, Ousted Marzuki back}} From 2004 to 2009 Darusman served as a member of the People's Representative Council, representing Golkar.{{sfn|Bahari|2011|p=124}} Work with the United NationsIn 2008, Darusman was called by Lynn Pascoe, an Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations, to participate in the United Nations inquiry into the assassination of former Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto.{{sfn|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}} He accepted, and the committee spent nine months investigating the incident through 2009.{{sfn|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}}{{sfn|UN 2009, Statement Attributable to the Spokesperson}} In June 2010, he was appointed to a three-person panel to write the Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka, which dealt with alleged war crimes during the Sri Lankan Civil War.{{sfn|CNN 2010, U.N. appoints human}} The report, which found evidence of numerous war crimes and condemned both the Sri Lankan government and its Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission, was ill-received in Sri Lanka, leading Darusman to be burned in effigy and refused entry to the island nation.{{sfn|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}} In August 2010, Darusman became founding director of the Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN, a think tank at the University of Indonesia which involves several ASEAN countries.{{sfn|Suryadi 2010, Marzuki Darusman Appointed}} That same month he was appointed United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in North Korea. In 2011, Darusman described the country as "perhaps the only country today that does not recognize that non-cooperation with the human rights mechanism is not an option"; he believes that North Korea must give greater respect to human rights, while other nations must be willing to send humanitarian aid.{{sfn|UN 2011, DPR Korea must}} A similar report, delivered in March 2012, led to North Korean delegate So Se-pyong walking out of a meeting, after which a "scuffle" broke out. The North Korean delegation decried the report as a "useless interpretation".{{sfn|BBC 2012, Scuffle after North Korea}} FIHRRSTMarzuki Darusman is the Chairman and Founder of The Foundation for International Human Rights Reporting Standards (FIHRRST), an international association dedicated to the respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights. Darusman is joined by a group of internationally-respected human rights advocates (among others, Marzuki Usman, H.S. Dillon, Makarim Wibisono, James Kallman, Dradjad Hari Wibowo) to establish the organization, which develops and promotes standards by which adherence to human rights principles can be demonstrated. Other activitiesMarzuki Darusman is a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today’s national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them. Honors
References
1. ^[https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21914&LangID=E Human Rights Council President announces appointment of Marzuki Darusman as Chair of Myanmar Fact-finding Mission] Retrieved 24 October 2018 2. ^{{cite news|title = Finding Megumi: Michael Kirby calls for 'peaceful initiatives' on North Korea|first = Daniel|last = Hurst|date = 21 May 2017|accessdate = 12 February 2017|newspaper = The Sydney Morning Herald|url = https://www.smh.com.au/world/michael-kirby-calls-for-peaceful-initiatives-on-north-korea-after-decoration-20170517-gw6sxr.html}} 3. ^{{cite journal|title = 2017 Spring Imperial Decorations: the Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG|first = Michael|last = Kirby|authorlink = Michael Kirby (judge)|url = https://www.sydney.au.emb-japan.go.jp/document/english/japan_reports/JR52-1/JReports%20Vol%2052-1%20p.2.pdf|volume = 52|issue = 1|date = July 2017|page = 2|journal = The Consulate-General of Japan in Sydney's Quarterly Newsletter}}
|last=Bahari |first=Adib |title=Pendekar Hukum Indonesia |trans-title=Indonesian Legal Giants |publisher=Pustaka Yustisis |isbn=978-979-3411-04-0 |language=Indonesian |location=Yogyakarta |year=2011 |ref=harv }}
|url = https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=40530&Cr=democratic&Cr1=korea |publisher = United Nations |title = DPR Korea must act now to end human rights violations, says UN expert |date = 28 November 2011 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/67GFy4UIY?url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=40530&Cr=democratic&Cr1=korea |archivedate = 28 April 2012 |accessdate = 28 April 2012 |ref = {{sfnRef|UN 2011, DPR Korea must}} |deadurl = yes |df = }}
|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2000/06/05/lawsuit-against-attorney-general-fabricated-experts.html |work=The Jakarta Post |title=Lawsuit against attorney general fabricated: Experts |date=5 June 2000 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67GRe1oB2?url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2000/06/05/lawsuit-against-attorney-general-fabricated-experts.html |archivedate=28 April 2012 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|The Jakarta Post 2000, Lawsuit against attorney}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/the-china-post/special-to-the-china-post/2012/03/01/333273/p1/Work-with.htm |last=McBeth |first=John |work=The China Post |title=Work with UN helps Jakarta to promote human rights abroad |date=1 March 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67H4jU12J?url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/the-china-post/special-to-the-china-post/2012/03/01/333273/p1/Work-with.htm |archivedate=29 April 2012 |accessdate=29 April 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|McBeth 2012, Work with UN}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2001/07/06/ousted-marzuki-back-gus-dur039s-cabinet-lineup.html |work=The Jakarta Post |title=Ousted Marzuki back in Gus Dur's Cabinet line♫up |date=6 July 2001 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67GSFX6Ks?url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2001/07/06/ousted-marzuki-back-gus-dur039s-cabinet-lineup.html |archivedate=28 April 2012 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|The Jakarta Post 2001, Ousted Marzuki back}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17348611 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |title=Scuffle after North Korea rejects UN rights report |date=13 March 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67GHI6xLP?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17348611 |archivedate=28 April 2012 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|BBC 2012, Scuffle after North Korea}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|url = https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=40530&Cr=democratic&Cr1=korea |publisher = United Nations |title = Statement Attributable to the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General on the Bhutto Commission |date = 19 June 2009 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/67GT2W8WL?url=http://www.un.org/sg/statements/?nid=3935 |archivedate = 28 April 2012 |accessdate = 28 April 2012 |ref = {{sfnRef|UN 2009, Statement Attributable to the Spokesperson}} |deadurl = yes |df = }}
|url=http://hrrca.org/content/marzuki-darusman-appointed-human-rights-resource-centre-asean-hrrca-founding-director |publisher=Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN |last=Suryadi |first=J. |title=Marzuki Darusman Appointed as Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN (HRRCA) Founding Director |date=24 August 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67GFWun73?url=http://hrrca.org/content/marzuki-darusman-appointed-human-rights-resource-centre-asean-hrrca-founding-director |archivedate=28 April 2012 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Suryadi 2010, Marzuki Darusman Appointed}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|title=Suryono Darusman |trans-title=|language=Indonesian |url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/3089 |work=Encyclopedia of Jakarta |publisher=Jakarta City Government |ref={{harvid|JCG, Suryono Darusman}} |accessdate=29 April 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67H122PFN?url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/3089 |archivedate=29 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|url=http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_27/c3688052.htm |publisher=Bloomberg |work=Business Week |title=The Stars of Asia – Policy Makers |date=3 July 2000 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728100921/http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_27/c3688052.htm |archivedate=28 July 2010 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Business Week 2000, The Stars of Asia}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/06/22/un.sri.lanka/ |publisher=CNN |title=U.N. appoints human rights panel for Sri Lanka |date=22 June 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67GTEgX4Q?url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/06/22/un.sri.lanka/ |archivedate=28 April 2012 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|CNN 2010, U.N. appoints human}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}{{refend}} External links
9 : 1945 births|Living people|Attorneys General of Indonesia|Golkar politicians|United Nations special rapporteurs|Indonesian human rights activists|People from Bogor|Indonesian officials of the United Nations|Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class |
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