“Massing”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Massing refers to the structure in three dimensions (form), not just its outline from a single perspective (shape).^[1]^[3] Massing influences the sense of space which the building encloses, and helps to define both the interior space and the exterior shape of the building.^[1] The creation of massing, and changes to it, may be additive (accumulating or repeating masses) or subtractive (creating spaces or voids in a mass by removing parts of it).^[4] Massing can also be significantly altered by the materials used for the building's exterior, as transparent or layered materials are perceived differently.^[1]

It is widely accepted that architectural design begins by studying massing.^[5] From a distance, massing, more than any architectural detail, is what creates the most impact on the eye.^[6] Architectural details or ornaments serve to reinforce massing.^[7] Because it has a direct relation to the visual impact a building makes, massing is one of the most important architectural design considerations.^[1]

Some architectural styles are closely associated with massing.^[8]^[9] For example, the Prairie School is always low and horizontal, while the Gothic style emphasizes verticality and Georgian architecture focuses on solidity and a sense of permanence.^[8]

References

1. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|last=Jacoby|first=Sam|title=Drawing Architecture and the Urban|location=Chichester, West Sussex|publisher=Wiley|date=2016|isbn=9781118879405|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zgh0CgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=52}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Born|first=George Walter|title=Preserving Paradise: The Architectural Heritage and History of the Florida Keys|location=Charleston, S.C.|publisher=History Press|date=2006|isbn=9781596291522|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifw1LxfSSGwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=149}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Arthur|title=Architectural Design Procedures|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=1999|isbn=9780415502849|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttErBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=108}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Dietsch|first=Deborah K.|title=Architecture for Dummies|location=New York|publisher=Hungry Minds|date=2002|isbn=9780764553967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_SXC6RER-0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=30-31}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Leyton|first=Michael|title=A generative theory of shape|location=Berlin|publisher=Heidelberg Springer|date=2001|isbn=9783540454885|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8hrCQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=366}}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Charleson|first=Andrew|title=Structure As Architecture: A Source Book for Architects and Structural Engineers|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2015|isbn=9780415644594|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ROkABAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=14}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Glassie|first=Henry H.|title=Vernacular Architecture|location=Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=Material Culture|date=2000|isbn=9780253213952|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6PgXZOVUVoIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=69}}
8. ^¹{{cite book|last=Yatt|first=Barry D.|title=Cracking the Codes: An Architect's Guide to Building Regulations|location=New York|publisher=John Wiley|date=1998|isbn=9780471169673|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f67r-8rQZQUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=145}}
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Lanier|first1=Gabrielle M.|last2=Herman|first2=Bernard L.|title=Everyday Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic: Looking at Buildings and Landscapes|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1997|isbn=9780801853241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwM9TO1bWIMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=121}}

Massing in architectural theory

References