| 释义 |
- Background
- Structure
- Notes
- References
- External links
{{Infobox musical composition
| image = LichtentalerPfarrkirche060128.jpg
| caption = Lichtental Church
| name = Mass No. 4
| composer = Franz Schubert
| key = C major
| catalogue = {{D.}} 452
| form = {{lang|la|italic=no}}
| year = {{Start date|1816}}
| movements = 6
| vocal = {{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}} choir and soloists
| instrumental = {{plainlist|- 1816 version: violins and basso continuo
- 1825 version: additional wind, brass and timpani
}}
}}Mass No. 4 in C major, {{D.}} 452, is a mass composed by Franz Schubert in 1816. It was originally scored for soprano, alto, tenor and bass soloists, SATB choir, violin I and II, and basso continuo (cello, double bass and organ). It is classified as a {{lang|la|italic=no}}.{{sfn|Shrock|2009|p=383}} BackgroundThe setting was composed in June–July 1816, and possibly received its first performance in late summer or early fall of the same year at the Lichtental Church.{{sfn|Howie|2008|p=70}} As in his previous masses, the soprano solos were written with Therese Grob's voice in mind.{{sfn|Black|2003|p=41}} The mass shows the influence of Mozart in Schubert's work, particularly in the original reduced orchestration (the {{lang|de|Salzburger Kirchentrio}}, Salzburg church trio){{sfn|Gibbs|1997|p=210}} and the perceived "lightness of touch".{{sfn|Newbould|1999|p=137}} Schubert's contemporary diary entries confirm his interest in Mozart's missae breves, along with the music of Michael Haydn, another Salzburg composer.{{sfn|Black|2003|p=41}} Schubert made considerable revisions to the mass for subsequent performances. He added parts for 2 oboes or clarinets, 2 trumpets and timpani, all {{lang|la|ad libitum}}, for an 1825 performance in St. Ulrich, Vienna.{{sfn|Howie|2008|p=70}} He revisited the mass in 1828, seven weeks before his death, with a purely choral setting of the {{lang|la|Benedictus|italic=no}} (D. 961) to replace the earlier soprano solo.{{sfn|Black|2003|p=183}}{{sfn|Newbould|1999|p=138}} It is likely that this was in anticipation of a performance where a soloist of Grob's calibre was unavailable. Schubert sold the score of Mass No. 4 and some shorter church works to Anton Diabelli for publishing in 1825.{{sfn|Hall|2003|p=81}} It was the only mass published during the composer's lifetime.{{sfn|Newbould|1999|p=452}} Schubert dedicated the publication to Michael Holzer, the organist and choirmaster at the Lichtental church, and his teacher in organ, singing, figured bass and counterpoint.{{sfn|Newbould|1999|p=20}} StructureThe mass consists of six movements. Performances require approximately 23 minutes. Commentary is for {{D.}} 452, unless otherwise indicated. - {{lang|grc|Kyrie|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Andante con moto}}, C major, common time
- {{lang|la|Gloria|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Allegro vivace}}, C major, common time
- {{lang|la|Credo|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Allegro}}, C major, 3/4
{{lang|la|Et incarnatus est|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Adagio molto}}, D minor, cut common time : While Schubert habitually omitted certain passages of the Creed, in this mass he makes the unusual exclusion of the words "{{lang|la|ex Maria Virgine|italic=no}}" (of the Virgin Mary).{{sfn|Black|2003|p=41}} {{lang|la|Et resurrexit|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Allegro}}, C major, 3/4 - {{lang|la|Sanctus|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Adagio}}, C major, common time
{{lang|la|Osanna in excelsis|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Allegro vivace}}, C major, common time - {{lang|la|Benedictus|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Andante}}, F major, 2/4; soprano solo
{{lang|la|Osanna in excelsis|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Allegro vivace}}, C major, common time {{lang|la|Benedictus|italic=no}}, ({{D.}} 961) {{lang|it|Moderato}}, A minor, cut common time; choir : {{lang|la|Benedictus qui venit|italic=no}}, A major : {{lang|la|Osanna in excelsis|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Allegro vivace}}, C major, common time - {{lang|la|Agnus Dei|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Adagio}}, C major, common time
{{lang|la|Dona nobis pacem|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Allegro vivace}}, C major, 3/4
NotesReferences- {{cite book|title=Franz Schubert: Music and Belief|first=Leo|last=Black|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q08FHmpWMzwC|isbn=9781843831358|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Schubert|series=Cambridge Companions to Music|first=Christopher H.|last=Gibbs|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F1C0pGoG538C|isbn=9780521484244|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title=Schubert's Song Sets|first=Michael|last=Hall|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abZcHgcEK6wC|isbn=9780754607984|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title=The Unknown Schubert|editor1-first=Barbara M.|editor1-last=Reul|editor2-first=Lorraine Byrne|editor2-last=Bodley|first=Crawford|last=Howie|chapter=Small is beautiful: Schubert's smaller sacred works|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCKfMGpE7xcC|isbn=9780754661924|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title=Schubert: The Music and the Man|first=Brian|last=Newbould|authorlink=Brian Newbould|year=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Faikq3F8VYC|isbn=9780520219571|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|title=Choral Repertoire|first=Dennis|last=Shrock|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xgzYae1n__EC|isbn=9780199716623|ref=harv}}
External links- {{IMSLP2|work=Mass No.4, D.452 (Schubert, Franz)|cname=Mass No.4, D.452}} (includes soprano and choir settings of Benedictus; 1825 orchestration with wind, brass and timpani)
- {{ChoralWiki|Mass No. 4 in C major, D452 (Franz Schubert)|Mass No. 4 in C major, D452|prep=of}} (choir setting of Benedictus only)
{{Schubert masses}} 3 : Masses by Franz Schubert|1816 compositions|Compositions in C major |