| 词条 | Sir Max Aitken, 2nd Baronet |
| 释义 |
|name= Sir Max Aitken, Bt. |image= Dowding and The Few.jpg |image_size= 325px |alt= |caption= Wing Commander Aitken, fourth from left, with other members of "The Few", September 1942 |nickname= |birth_name=John William Maxwell Aitken |birth_date= {{Birth date|df=yes|1910|02|15}} |birth_place= Montreal, Quebec, Canada |death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|1985|04|30|1910|02|15}} |death_place= |placeofburial= |allegiance= {{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch= Royal Air Force |serviceyears= 1935–1952 |rank= Group Captain |servicenumber= |unit= |commands= Banff Strike Wing (1944–45) No. 68 Squadron RAF (1941–43) No. 601 Squadron RAF (1940) |battles= Second World War
|awards= Distinguished Service Order Distinguished Flying Cross Mentioned in Despatches War Cross (Czechoslovakia) |relations= Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook (father) |laterwork= Chairman of Beaverbrook Newspapers Ltd. Politician }} Sir John William Maxwell Aitken, 2nd Baronet, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|DSO|DFC}} (15 February 1910 – 30 April 1985[1]), briefly 2nd Baron Beaverbrook in 1964, was a Canadian-British fighter pilot and flying ace of the Second World War, a Conservative politician, and press baron. He was the son of Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook. Early lifeAitken was born on 15 February 1910 in Montreal, the son of Gladys Henderson (Drury) and Max Aitken (later Lord Beaverbrook). He was educated at Westminster School and Pembroke College, Cambridge.[2] A talented sportsman, he was a University blue at football and a scratch golfer. A keen flyer, he spent some time in the thirties flying throughout Europe and the USA. He joined the Royal Auxiliary Air Force in 1935,[3] and was commissioned a pilot officer on 11 September.[4] He was promoted to flying officer on 14 April 1937.[5] Military serviceOn 15 May 1940, Aitken was promoted to flight lieutenant in the Auxiliary Air Force.[6] Aitken served as a Bristol Blenheim and then a Hawker Hurricane pilot with No. 601 Squadron RAF during the early part of the Second World War,[7] becoming commanding officer in June 1940,[3] earning the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1940, and the Distinguished Service Order, in 1942, for eight combat claims.[3] Leaving the squadron on 20 July 1940, he then served as commanding officer of No. 68 Squadron RAF, a night fighter unit, from February 1941 until January 1943, claiming four night victories.[3] Serving in the Middle East during the middle war years as wing commander,[3] although he was officially non-operational, he managed to shoot down two Junkers Ju 52 aircraft while flying with No. 46 Squadron RAF in Beaufighters. Aitken became wing leader of the Banff Strike Wing (RAF Coastal Command) in 1944. He reached the rank of group captain, achieving 16 1/2 kills (one a shared aircraft).[3] He did some of his early flying training with Richard Hillary, to whom he was known as Bill, and was featured in Hillary's book The Last Enemy. Post-war career{{unreferenced section|date=April 2016}}In 1946, he entered the family newspaper business, as a director of the Express Group, and would become Chairman of Beaverbrook Newspapers Ltd. At the 1945 general election, Aitken was elected Member of Parliament for Holborn with a majority of 925. Unfavourable boundary changes meant that the Labour Party took the successor seat in 1950 comfortably and Aitken did not stand at that or subsequent elections. He also served as Chancellor of the University of New Brunswick. He appears in the famous World War II documentary The World at War giving a variety of interviews, including the episode "Alone in Britain." Offshore powerboat racing{{unreferenced section|date=April 2016}}In the late 1950s, Aitken witnessed one of the early Miami Nassau Offshore Powerboat Races, then participated in the following year with his wife, Lady Violet. It was the experience of this new “sport” that led to his announcement at the 1961 London Boat Show of a similar ocean race to be staged in the south of England in August that year. Together with John Coote they formulated the rules that saw the birth of the Cowes Torquay Offshore Powerboat Race, with the aim of improving the breed of sea-going fast cruisers and safety at sea. The Cowes Torquay will celebrate in 2010 the 50th year since Aitken founded it. London International Boat ShowAitken, with the sponsorship of his newspaper the Daily Express, helped to found the London International Boat Show in 1954 at the Empire Hall, Olympia. Family lifeAitken married three times:
He succeeded his father as Baron Beaverbrook on the latter's death on 9 June 1964, but disclaimed the title three days later on 12 June, stating that "there shall only be one Lord Beaverbrook in my lifetime". On his death in 1985, his son, also Max Aitken, took on the title. ReferencesCitations1. ^Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Fight for the Sky (1986) {{ISBN|0-85059-749-8}}, Page 15 2. ^1 2 3 Stenton and Lees Who's Who of British Members of Parliament vol. iv p. 2 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Fight for the Sky (1986) {{ISBN|0-85059-749-8}}, Page 44 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34214|page=6790|date=29 October 1935}} 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34408|page=3862|date=15 June 1937}} 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34876|page=3711|date=18 June 1940}} 7. ^Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Fight for the Sky (1986) {{ISBN|0-85059-749-8}}, Page 40 Bibliography
External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Holborn | years = 1945–1950 }}{{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-bef|before=Max Aitken}}{{s-ttl|title=Baron Beaverbrook|years=9 June 1964 – 12 June 1964}}{{s-vac|disclaimed|next=Max Aitken}}{{s-end}}{{Top UK World War II Aces}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Aviation | portal2=Biography | portal3=Royal Air Force | portal4=World War II }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aitken, Max}} 21 : British newspaper publishers (people)|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|UK MPs 1945–50|Aitken family|Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom|People educated at Westminster School, London|Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge|Royal Air Force officers|Royal Air Force pilots of World War II|British World War II flying aces|British Presbyterians|Companions of the Distinguished Service Order|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|1910 births|1985 deaths|Canadian Peers|The Few|Canadian emigrants to England|Canadian people of Scottish descent|English people of Scottish descent |
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