| 词条 | Mauro Cabral Grinspan |
| 释义 |
| name = Mauro Cabral Grinspan | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = Córdoba, Argentina | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = | residence = | education = | other_names = | occupation = | known_for = Trans and intersex activist and educator | television = | website = {{URL|transactivists.org}} }}Mauro Cabral Grinspan,[1] also known as Mauro Cabral, is an Argentinian intersex and trans activist, who serves as the executive director of GATE. A signatory of the Yogyakarta Principles,[2] his work focuses on the reform of medical protocols and law reform. In July 2015, Cabral received the inaugural Bob Hepple Equality Award.[3] Early life and perspectivesMauro Cabral Grinspan was assigned female at birth, but now lives as male. He has described how his body was discovered to be different or "incomplete" in his teens; after two surgeries he had to undergo several years of invasive procedures.[4] Cabral Grinspan describes how homophobia is a driving force in the normalization of intersex children, and how surgeries send a message to children that their bodies have to be changed to be acceptable. Cabral Grinspan defines the social challenge of intersex histories as a need to be open to the experience of body diversity without the need to medicalise that experience.[5] ActivismMauro Cabral Grinspan has been involved in activism on trans and intersex issues since at least 2005. From 2005 to 2007 he was in charge of coordinating the Trans and Intersex Area at the IGLHRC Latin American Office.[6] He then worked for three years at MULABI, Latin American Space for Sexualities and Rights, becoming Executive Director in 2009. Cabral became a co-director of GATE in January 2010 [6][7] and also co-chairs the International Trans* Reference Group at the Global Forum on MSM and HIV/AIDS. Cabral is a member of the Latin American Consortium on Intersex Issues, and of the International Advisory Board at the Human Rights Watch LGTB Program. Cabral Grinspan participated in actions that led to the approval of a ground-breaking law on gender identity by the Argentinian Senate in April 2012. The law makes it possible to change sex designation without undergoing surgical or clinical treatment, or judicial approval.[8][9] Cabral Grinspan has co-ordinated work on reform of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, in particular a critique and alternative proposals in relation to "Gender Incongruence of Childhood".[10] He is a contributor to the World Health Organization report "Sexual health, human rights and the law".[11] Cabral Grinspan helped organise the third International Intersex Forum in Malta, 2013.[12] In 2015, Cabral became the senior advisor for a first philanthropic Intersex Human Rights Fund established by the Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice.[13] In 2006 Cabral participated in the production of the Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of Human Rights Legislation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity,[14] and was one of the initial 29 signatories.[2] He is also a drafting committee member and signatory of the Yogyakarta Principles plus 10, on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics.[15] Academic careerCabral Grinspan has a Degree in History from the National University of Córdoba [16] Selected bibliographyBooks
Journals
Editorials
Speeches
Cabral has contributed to numerous documents including the Yogyakarta Principles, the World Health Organization report "Sexual health, human rights and the law",[11] and the Open Society Foundations report "Licence to Be Yourself".[22] Awards and recognitionIn July 2015, Cabral was a co-recipient of the inaugural Bob Hepple Equality Award, alongside Pragna Patel of Southall Black Sisters.[23] The award is named for Bob Hepple, the former lawyer of Nelson Mandela.[3] The Oxford Human Rights Hub comments, "Cabral was crucial in the process leading to the enactment of Argentina's Gender Identity Law in 2012, a law which has been extensively cited in court decisions on gender identity cases, including the Indian Supreme Court, and which has inspired legislation reform in countries including Malta, the Netherlands and Sweden."[23] References1. ^{{cite web | work = Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | url = http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/HRC33.aspx | title = APPOINTMENTS TO BE MADE AT THE 33RD SESSION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (13 – 30 September 2016) | date = 2016}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles_en_principles.htm |title=The Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity |author= |date= |website=Yogyakarta Principles |publisher= |access-date=2015-08-01 |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628071304/http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles_en_principles.htm |archivedate=2015-06-28 |df= }} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/mandela-lawyer-award-winner-announced/5050164.article |title= Mandela lawyer award winner announced |last1=Law Society Gazette |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=July 2015 |website= |publisher=Law Society Gazette |access-date=2015-08-01 |quote=}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59RwM0koP-M |title= Situación de Derechos Humanos de Personas Intersex: clips de audiencias|last1=Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2015 |website= YouTube |publisher=Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos |access-date=2015-06-25 |quote=}} 5. ^{{Cite book| publisher = Mulabi| isbn = 978-987-05-5898-9| editor1-last = Cabral| editor1-first = Mauro| title = Interdicciones: Escrituras de la intersexualidad en castellano| location = Córdoba, Argentina| date = February 2009}} 6. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://transactivists.org/about/ | title = About GATE | work = GATE | accessdate = 31 December 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://iglhrc.org/content/latin-america-iglhrc´s-latin-america-and-caribbean-2005-work | title = Latin America: IGLHRC´s Latin America and the Caribbean 2005 work | work = IGLHRC | date = January 4, 2006}} 8. ^{{cite web | url = http://100porciento.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/100-diversidad-y-derechos-primer-paso-en-el-senado-de-la-nacion-hacia-la-ley-de-identidad-de-genero/ | title = Primer paso en el Senado de la Nación hacia la Ley de Identidad de Género | work = 100% Diversidad y Derechos | date = April 17, 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/soy/1-2103-2011-08-26.html | title = Un día para recordar | work = Página/12 | date = 26 August 2011}} 10. ^{{Cite web|last1=Cabral |first1=Mauro |url=http://globaltransaction.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/critique-and-alternative-proposal-to-the-_gender-incongruence-of-childhood_-category-in-icd-11.pdf |publisher=GATE |title=Critique and Alternative Proposal to the "Gender Incongruence of Childhood" Category in ICD-11 |accessdate=2014-12-26}} 11. ^1 {{Cite book| publisher = World Health Organization| isbn = 9789241564984| last = World Health Organization| title = Sexual health, human rights and the law| location = Geneva| date = June 2015| url = http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/175556/1/9789241564984_eng.pdf?ua=1}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ilga-europe.org/home/news/latest/3rd_intersex_forum_2013 |title=3rd International Intersex Forum in Malta |work=ILGA-Europe |date=22 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226222209/http://www.ilga-europe.org/home/news/latest/3rd_intersex_forum_2013 |archivedate=26 December 2013 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astraeafoundation.org/news/344/60/Introducing-the-Intersex-Fund-team-at-Astraea |title=Introducing the Intersex Fund team at Astraea! |author= |date=June 16, 2015 |website=Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice |publisher=Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice |access-date=2015-07-02 |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703205803/http://www.astraeafoundation.org/news/344/60/Introducing-the-Intersex-Fund-team-at-Astraea |archivedate=July 3, 2015 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.infojusnoticias.gov.ar/nacionales/yogyakarta-la-identidad-de-genero-desde-la-perspectiva-de-los-derechos-humanos-5397.html |title=Yogyakarta: la identidad de género desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos |last1=Infojus Noticias |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=August 26, 2014 |website= |publisher=Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, Argentina |access-date=2015-06-25 |quote=}} 15. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/ | title = Yogyakarta Principles plus 10| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043532/http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/ | archive-date=2017-12-01}} 16. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.akahataorg.org/organización/integrantes/ |title=Integrantes |last1=AKAHATÁ |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2015 |website= |publisher= AKAHATÁ |access-date=2015-06-25 |quote=}} 17. ^{{cite web | url = https://lgbt.arizona.edu/2016-Trans-studies | title = 2016 Trans*studies | work = Institute for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies, University of Arizona | date = 2016}} 18. ^{{Cite web|last1=Cabral |first1=Mauro |url=http://oii.org.au/25644/intersex-side-event-un-human-rights-council/ |title=Intersex side event at the UN Human Rights Council |publisher=Organisation Intersex International Australia |accessdate=2014-12-29 }} 19. ^{{cite web | url = http://hrbrief.org/2013/03/situation-of-human-rights-of-intersex-persons-in-the-americas/ | title = Situation of Human Rights of Intersex Persons in the Americas | work = Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law | date = March 21, 2013}} 20. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2013/Calendar147eng.pdf | title = Schedule of Hearings 147o Session Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) | work = Organization of American States | date = 2013}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://vimeo.com/26002162 |title=Mauro Cabral: Trans and intersex rights |publisher=European Parliament LGBT Intergroup at Vimeo.com|date=5 July 2011 |accessdate=25 April 2012}} 22. ^{{Cite book| publisher = Open Society Foundations| isbn = 9781940983103| last1 = Byrne| first1 = Jack| last2 = Open Society Institute, Open Society Foundation, Open Society Foundations| last3 = Public Health Program (Open Society Institute)| first3 = Open Society Public Health Program| title = License to Be Yourself Laws and Advocacy for Legal Gender Recognition of Trans People| location = New York| accessdate = 2014-10-23| date = 2014| url = http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/license-be-yourself}} 23. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/the-inaugural-bob-hepple-equality-award-celebrates-equal-rights-activists-and-advances-support-to-their-cause/ |title=The Inaugural Bob Hepple Equality Award Celebrates Equal Rights Activists and Advances Support to their Cause |author= |date=July 21, 2015 |website= |publisher=Oxford Human Rights Hub |access-date=2015-08-01 |quote=}} External links
11 : Living people|Intersex people|Intersex rights activists|Argentine human rights activists|Transgender rights activists|Year of birth missing (living people)|People from Córdoba, Argentina|National University of Córdoba alumni|LGBT people from Argentina|Intersex rights in Argentina|Transgender rights in Argentina |
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