“Mavua Mudima”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Before that he served as the director of the National Intelligence Agency in 1993, although since he was not from the same tribe as Mobutu Sese Seko the real power was in the hands of his deputy. He was removed from the position in 1993^[2] From around 1994 to 1997, Mudima was the Defense Minister of Zaire, and held that office around the time of the First Congo War. During his tenure he wanted the refugees from the Rwandan Genocide to return to Rwanda.^[3]

Around December 1996 or January 1997 Mudima was removed from his post as Minister of Defense and replaced by General Likulia Bolongo.^[4] Following the war Mudima, Nzimbi Etienne, and Baramoto Kpama (who were both former military Generals) fled to South Africa in May 1997^[5] and were later accused of plotting a coup against the new President of DR Congo, Laurent Kabila.^[6] South Africa refused to grant them asylum in February 1998, and they then traveled to Ivory Coast and Mali, which also rejected them, before obtaining asylum in Niger.^[7]

In 1999, after the start of the Second Congo War, he and his two colleagues that had fled had been accused of mobilizing a large number of former Congolese army troops in rebellion against President Kabila for the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD), a Rwandan-backed rebel group. However, the group formally refused to allow Mudima and his colleagues to join them.^[8]

References

1. ^{{cite book| last = Hunter| first = Brian| year = 2016| title = The Statesman's Yearbook: 1991-92 | publisher = Springer| location =| isbn = 978-0230271203|page = 1613| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FaXPDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1613&lpg=PA1613&dq=admiral+mavua+mudima&source=bl&ots=1w2app6gLk&sig=DV9IRsb2TPxbnaEBS-xdRayQso0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0t6nKuNjZAhVnqFQKHRdWCCg4ChDoAQg3MAQ#v=onepage&q=admiral%20mavua%20mudima&f=false}}
2. ^Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Zaire: Information on the Service national d'identification et de protection (SNIP) from 1993 to present, including its activities, the type of personnel recruited, 1 February 1996, ZAR23000.E, accessed 6 March 2018
3. ^{{cite book| last = Khan| first = Shaharyan| year = 2000| title = The Shallow Graves of Rwanda| publisher = I.B. Tauris| location =| isbn = 978-1860646164|page = 75| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nPoSnlk_Sk8C&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=grand+admiral+mavua+mudima&source=bl&ots=Tv97y6gpQc&sig=RxPlcAm1viDBsbLq6e6YNG0MXWA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikn-qMkdjZAhXhyVQKHYo9DzEQ6AEIWDAF#v=onepage&q=grand%20admiral%20mavua%20mudima&f=false}}
4. ^[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/irin-emergency-update-no-66-great-lakes IRIN Emergency Update No. 66 on the Great Lakes]. Relief Web, 27 December 1996. United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
5. ^{{cite book| last = Prunier| first = Gerard| year = 2008| title = Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe| publisher = Oxford University Press| location =| isbn = 978-0199705832|page = 136| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kp93kUfdhC0C&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=grand+admiral+mavua+mudima&source=bl&ots=mrTTHYj3EX&sig=5oP9awm7TEbPdnAbEdaqIpYuNVE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOlLTHkNjZAhUCxFQKHajKAS4Q6AEIVTAE#v=onepage&q=grand%20admiral%20mavua%20mudima&f=false}}
6. ^Duke, Lynne (16 December 1997). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/12/16/ex-mobutu-aides-arrested/4abe0241-cba0-4846-9895-3069b453ffbc/ EX-MOBUTU AIDES ARRESTED]. Washington Post. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
7. ^Dzisah, Melvis (8 May 1998). POLITICS-AFRICA: Mobutu Officers Finally Find A Home. IPS News. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
8. ^[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/marek-news-brief-dr-congo Marek News in Brief: DR Congo]. Relief Web. Published 4 February 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2018.