| 词条 | Maximilian Liebenwein |
| 释义 |
| image = Maximilian Liebenwein - St Georg.jpg | image_size = 270 | caption = St George (without writing), 1904 | name = Maximilian Liebenwein | native_name = Maximilian Albert Josef Liebenwein | native_name_lang = de | birth_date = {{Birth date|1869|04|11|df=y}} | birth_place = Vienna, Austria-Hungary | death_date = {{Death date and age|1926|07|17|1869|04|11|df=y}} | death_place = Munich, Weimar Republic | resting_place = Burghausen, Altötting | nationality = {{ Plain list |
| spouse = Anna Essigmann | field = {{ Plain list |
| movement = {{ Plain list |
| training = {{ Plain list |
}}Maximilian Albert Josef Liebenwein (11 April 1869 – 17 July 1926) was an Austrian-German painter, graphic artist and book illustrator, in the Impressionist and Art Nouveau styles. He spent significant time in Vienna, Munich and Burghausen, Altötting, and took an active part in the artistic community in all three places. He was an important member of the Vienna Secession, becoming its vice-president, and exhibiting with the group many times.[1] LifeEarly life, education and trainingLiebenwein was born in Vienna, the second son of Joseph Calasanz Liebenwein (1835-1906) and Magdalena (née Kundrat). His father was a merchant, running a laundry and selling clothes in Vienna and in Lilienfeld. As a boy, Liebenwein spent time in both cities. His mother was the daughter of {{Interlanguage link multi|Joseph Kundrat|de}}, the personal valet of and a huntsman and forester for Emperor Franz Joseph, and his uncle was the pathologist and coroner Hans Kundrat. His grandfather kept a large library and a natural science collection, and helped fuel young Liebenwein's interest in poetry, legends and nature.[2] Liebenwein studied at the {{lang|de|Schottengymnasium}} in Vienna.[3][4] Liebenwein's father initially did not support his artistic ambitions, but his uncle helped smooth his path. In 1887 he entered the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, but he did not enjoy his studies there; he was keener to study animals at the {{lang|de|Tiergarten Schönbrunn}} and cadavers under his uncle's supervision. Julius Victor Berger, Liebenwein's teacher, showed compassion to him, but he left the Academy in 1891. He spent 1891-92 with the 13th Dragoon Regiment, Prince Eugene of Savoy, then in autumn 1892 attended the {{lang|de|{{Interlanguage link multi|Specialschule für Historienmalerei|de|3=Special School for History Painting}}}} (Special School for Historical Painting) under Matthias von Trenkwald.[4] In 1893, he was appointed lieutenant of Reserve Dragoon Regiment Kaiser Franz I.[5] Liebenwein's father broke his leg and needed help with the family business, and so Liebenwein could not attend classes regularly; this was a point of contention between von Trenkwald and Liebenwein, and he left the Special School in March 1893, spending several months as a "rider and hunter" on the Lilienfeld estate.[5] In 1894, he followed his friend {{Interlanguage link multi|Ferdinand Andri|de}} to Karlsruhe and enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe and attended {{Interlanguage link multi|Kaspar Ritter|de}}'s painting classes. Still unhappy with his environs, he met Heinrich von Zügel in early 1895 and began attending his classes on animal painting. Liebenwein took to Zügel as a teacher, and, with him, moved to Munich in November. Liebenwein spent four semesters at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, matriculating on 12 November 1895 and staying there until 1897.[4][6] His matriculation records list him as a Roman Catholic.[7] Independent painter in Munich and BurghausenFrom 1897, Liebenwein lived as an independent painter in Munich, and also ran painting classes.[11]{{r|Menches10}} During a visit with his draftsman/etcher friend Walter Ziegler, they saw Burghausen and the medieval Burghausen Castle.[11][8][9] The medieval town of Burghausen and its castle impressed them as an appropriate conceptual setting for the romantic-chivalric themes of many of Liebenwein's works.[10] The location had been suggested by Liebenwein's friend Ignatius Taschner, whom he had met in the {{Interlanguage link multi|Verein Deutscher Kunststudierender|de|3=Association of German Art Students}}.[8] During the summers of 1897 and 1898 Liebenwein stayed at the castle. In 1899, Liebenwein established his residence and studio in the castle's largest tower, which he reworked as a {{lang|de|Gesamtkunstwerk}} (total artwork) together with his friend {{Interlanguage link multi|Paul Horst-Schulze|de}}.[11] Within three days in 1899, Horst-Schulze and Liebenwein painted a frieze inside the tower,[11][12] so that Liebenwein's bride-to-be would see it on her first visit.[13] The artwork covers three sides of a room and reflects medieval themes, including imagery of Walther von der Vogelweide and Parzival.[14] It was in this period that Liebenwein discovered his affinity for Art Nouveau; in 1896, some of his illustrations had appeared in the Art Nouveau magazine {{lang|de|Jugend}}.[15] He contributed to the Bosnian magazine {{lang|bs|Nada}}, from its founding in 1895 until its last issue in 1903. It was an initiative of Béni Kállay. Liebwein, the magazine's main illustrator Ewald Arndt Čeplin, his brother Leo and its other regular artist Ivana Kobilca formed the obscure 'Sarajevo Painter's Club'.[16] He visited the country in 1900 and 1901.{{r|Menches10}} In 1900, he won a competition held by {{Interlanguage link multi|Ludwig Stollwerck|de}} for designs for a trading card album for the Stollwerck company. Other winners included Fritz Helmuth Ehmcke from Berlin; {{Interlanguage link multi|Ernst Neumann|de}}, {{Interlanguage link multi|Adolf Höfer|de}} and {{Interlanguage link multi|Walter Püttner|de}} from Munich; and {{Interlanguage link multi|Karl Hölle|de}} from Hamburg. The judges were Emil Doepler, Woldemar Friedrich, Bruno Schmitz and Franz Skarbina from Berlin, in addition to a Stollwerck partner. Liebenwein's theme was Kater Murr.[17] With the Vienna Secession and other groupsLiebenwein exhibited with the Vienna Secession in spring 1900. His works shown included Percival (1899) and several animal studies. Following the exhibition, he became a full member of the group, and became its vice-president by 1912. He was an active member until his death.[18] Still living in the 'Liebenwein tower' of Burghausen Castle, he married Anna Essigmann (born 1879), from Vienna, in May 1901, with his first son Hans Georg born in 1902 (died 1977). The family were friends with Koloman Moser, who had been on the committee that invited Liebenwein to exhibit with the Vienna Secession.[18][19] Extracts from his travel diaries from his 1900 trip to Bosnia, together with his own illustrations, were published in Ver Sacrum in 1902.[20] Liebenwein did not follow Gustav Klimt in seceding from the Secession in 1905, even though he was invited to join.[21] Liebenwein joined the Deutscher Künstlerbund in Weimar in 1904.[19] After his father's death in 1906, he spent some time in Vienna, and in the same year made trips to Brussels and London.{{r|Menches11}} He joined the {{Interlanguage link multi|Luitpold group|de|3=Luitpold-Gruppe}} in Munich in 1907; he exhibited in the Glass Palace between 1902 and 1912. During 1907–08, he created the {{lang|de|Liebenweinfries}} (Liebenwein Frieze) in the {{Interlanguage link multi|Linz Savings Bank|de|3=Sparkasse Oberösterreich}}. In 1909 received the {{Interlanguage link multi|Golden State Medal|de|3=Goldene Staatsmedaille}} in Graz for his fairy tale cycle King Thrushbeard (1905/06).[22] Back in Vienna, World War I and afterwardsLiebenwein returned to Vienna in 1908-09, and ran a painting school for men and women until 1913, though he still spent summers in Burghausen.[23] In 1910 he adorned a hall of the First International Hunting Exhibition in Vienna with monumental paintings; he was presented to Emperor Franz Joseph I at the exhibition.[24] His second son, Wolfgang Ferdinand, was born in 1911. Liebenwein volunteered for military service in 1914 and he was called up in June 1915; his wife Anna died from breast cancer in that year, in a sanatorium in Gmunden, while he was at the eastern front. Liebenwein served as an ordnance officer for XVII Corps. He was with the army in Poland, Russia, Isonzo and Bukovina, and produced many drawings in 54 sketchbooks.[26][27] He suffered a stroke in December 1917,[26] and left the army in December 1918.[19] Post-war Vienna did not offer many opportunities for artists, and Liebenwein moved back to Burghausen.[26] In 1919–1925, he created a long cycle depicting the life of the Virgin Mary in the convent of the {{Interlanguage link multi|Franciscan Sisters of Vöcklabruck|de|3=Franziskanerinnen von Vöcklabruck}}. In 1923, he was a founding member of the {{Interlanguage link multi|Innviertler Artists Guild|de|3=Innviertler Künstlergilde}}.[11] In 1924, Liebenwein received the Silver Medal of the city of Salzburg for the paintings "{{lang|de|Und wenn die Welt voll Teufel wär...}}" (1908), "Christ and the Adulteress" (1914) and "Rider Troop in Ambush" (lost).[28] In February 1926, Liebenwein suffered another stroke in Burghausen,{{r|Menches14}} and died in July 1926 in Munich. He was buried in Burghausen.[19] StyleLiebenwein worked mostly in oil and tempera. He painted many fairy tale and legend cycles, particularly Greek mythology and mediaeval stories of chivalric romance, as well as religious images, including Marian pictures and the lives of the saints.[2][11] His teacher Zügel was famous for his animal motifs and his Impressionism; Liebenwein took in this influence and transcended it, moving from Impressionistic oil paintings to mainly tempera after exhibiting with the Vienna Secession, as well as maintaining his interest in graphic art.[1] Still, he painted and drew many animals, showing a particular fondness for cats and horses.[4] Liebenwein created a number of bookplate designs, and was cited as being, with Emil Orlik, the most important Austrian artists in this particular niche.[29] He kept humour in his work, as well as excellent technical ability and a deep knowledge of his subject matter.[2][4] Selected works
References1. ^1 {{ cite thesis | first = Sonja | last = Menches | year = 2007 | title = Nähere Betrachtungen zu Leben und Werk von Maximilian Liebenwein (1869–1926) im Zeitraum 1895 – 1914 |trans-title=Further Reflections on the life and work of Maximilian Liebenwein (1869–1926) in the period 1895–1914. | url = http://othes.univie.ac.at/280/ | type = master's thesis | institution = University of Vienna }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal | author = Eduard Haas | year = 1909 | journal = Die Christliche Kunst; Monatsschrift für alle Gebiete der christlichen Kunst und Kunstwissenschaft | title = Maximilian Liebenwein | url = https://archive.org/details/diechristlicheku05geseuoft | volume = 5 | pages = 225–232 }} 3. ^Menches 2007, p 8 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal | author = C Stechele | year = 1902 | title = Maximilian Liebenwein | journal = Die Graphischen Künste | url = http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gk1902/ | pages = 1–4 }} 5. ^1 Menches 2007, p. 9 6. ^Menches, 2007. pp 9-10 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://matrikel.adbk.de/05ordner/mb_1884-1920/jahr_1895/matrikel-01506 | publisher = Academy of Fine Arts, Munich | title = 01506 Maximilian Liebenwein, Matrikelbuch 1884-1920 | accessdate = 2014-02-24 }} 8. ^1 Menches, 2007. pp. 10, 49 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.schloesser.bayern.de/englisch/palace/objects/burghaus.htm |title=Burghausen Castle |publisher=Bayerischen Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen (Bavarian Ministry of Castles, Gardens, and Lakes)}} 10. ^Menches, 2007. p. 48 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal |url=http://www.kunst-und-kultur.de/index.php?Action=showMuseumExhibition&aId=14377&title=ausstellung-maximilian-liebenwein-ein-jugendstilmaler-zwischen-muenchen-und-wien |title=Maximilian Liebenwein – Ein Jugendstilmaler zwischen München und Wien |journal=Kunst und Kultur |date=2 April 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2014 |language=German}} Republished from the website of the City Museum Burghausen. 12. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.museumsbund.at/uploads/neues_museum_archiv/2006_2.pdf |title=Maximilian Liebenwein (1869-1926): Ein Maler zwischen Impressionismus und Jugendstil |first=Lothar |last=Schultes |language=German |journal=Neues Museum |publisher=Österreichischen Museumsbund |volume=6 |number=2 |date=May 2006 |pages=60–67}} 13. ^Menches 2007, p 50 14. ^Menches 2007, pp. 50–53 15. ^Menches, 2007. p. 10 16. ^{{cite journal | url = http://www.kakanien.ac.at/beitr/fallstudie/ALipa1.pdf | author = Aida Lipa | journal = Kakanien Revisited | date = 26 May 2006 | title = The Austro-Hungarian Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cultural Politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Creation of the Western Type of Art }} 17. ^{{cite journal | year = 1900 | author = Karl Hofacker | volume = 3 | journal = Kunstgewerbeblatt | page = 56 | url = http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/kunstgewerbeblatt1900 | title = Kleine Mitteilungen }} 18. ^1 Menches 2007, pp 10-11 19. ^1 2 3 {{ cite encyclopedia | editor = Lothar Schultes | title = Maximilian Liebenwein, Ein Maler zwischen Impressionismus und Jugendstil | encyclopedia = Kataloge des Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseums | location = Linz | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-3-85474-159-6 | url = http://www.landesmuseum.at/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/presse/liebenwein/PRESSEMAPPELiebenwein.pdf | trans-title = Maximilian Liebenwein, a painter between impressionism and art nouveau. | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121007/http://www.landesmuseum.at/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/presse/liebenwein/PRESSEMAPPELiebenwein.pdf | archivedate = 2 February 2014 | df = dmy-all }} 20. ^{{cite journal | url = http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/vs1902 | year = 1902 | author = Maximilian Liebenwein | title = Auszug aus drei Reisebriefen von meiner Reise nach Bosnien 1900 |trans-title=Three extracts from my travel diaries from my journey to Bosnia in 1900 | journal = Ver Sacrum | volume = 8 | pages = 122–136}} 21. ^Menches 2007, p 11 22. ^Menches 2007, p. 13 23. ^Menches 2007, p 12 24. ^Menches 2007, pp 12-13 25. ^Ostrów is a very common place name, and it is unclear to which one this drawing relates. 26. ^1 2 Menches 2007, p 13 27. ^{{cite journal | url = http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gk1916 | year = 1916 | journal = Die Graphischen Künste | pages = 81–95 | title = Kriegszeichnungen Maximilian Liebenweins |trans-title=War Drawings of Maximilian Liebenwein }} 28. ^Menches 2007, p 14 29. ^{{ cite journal | url = http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gk1911 | title = Die Exlibris von Maximilian Liebenwein | author = Hermann Ubell | year = 1911 | journal = Die Graphischen Künste | pages = 43–48 | quote = Er hat denn auch eine Reihe von Bucheignerzeichen geschaffen, die ihn nach und neben Emil Orlik als den bedeutendsten österreichischen Künstler auf diesem kleinen, aber unendlich reizvollen Gebiet erscheinen lassen. (He has since created a number of bookplates that let him appear beside Emil Orlik as the most important Austrian artists in this small, but infinitely charming, area.) }} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Maximilian Liebenwein}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Liebenwein, Maximilian}} 21 : 1869 births|1926 deaths|19th-century Austrian painters|19th-century war artists|20th-century Austrian painters|Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni|Academy of Fine Arts Vienna alumni|Artists from Vienna|Art Nouveau illustrators|Art Nouveau painters|Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I|Austrian expatriates in Germany|Austrian illustrators|Austrian Impressionist painters|Austrian graphic designers|Austrian male painters|Austrian Roman Catholics|Austrian war artists|German war artists|Members of the Vienna Secession|World War I artists |
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