| 词条 | Melaleuca uncinata |
| 释义 |
|name = Broombush |image = Melaleuca uncinata (habit).JPG |image_caption = M. uncinata growing 90 km west of Esperance |genus = Melaleuca |species = uncinata |authority = R.Br. }}Melaleuca uncinata, commonly known as broombush, broom honeymyrtle or brushwood, is a plant in the paperbark family native to southern Australia. It is harvested from the wild, and grown in plantations, for broombush fencing. The Noongar names for the plant are kwytyat and yilbarra.[1] DescriptionBroombush is a multistemmed evergreen shrub usually less than {{convert|2|m||sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in height, occasionally growing as a small tree to less than {{convert|5|m|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. It is often found in association with mallee eucalypts. It has spreading or ascending leaves, {{convert|19–56|mm|in|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.8–1.2|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide, linear in shape, almost circular in cross-section, and tapering to a distinctly curved hook. The leaves have large oil glands along their edges. Its flowers are white, cream or yellow, and are attractive to birds.[2][3] They are arranged in dense almost spherical heads, {{convert|15-17|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} in diameter in the leaf axils. Each head contains 4 to 19 groups of flowers, each group with 3 flowers. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle with 3 to 5 stamens which are cream, white or pale greenish-cream. Flowers appear from August to December and the fruit which follow are closely packed together forming a group with a diameter of {{convert|7-13|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}.[4][5] TaxonomyMelaleuca uncinata was first described in 1812 by Robert Brown in Hortus Kewensis.[6] The specific epithet (uncinatus) is a Latin word meaning "bearing hooks" or "barbed"[7] "in reference to the shape of the leaf apex".[5]A review of the species was undertaken by Lyndley Craven in 1994 and some populations have been identified as new species. The populations in Queensland and New South Wales may also represent another taxon.[5] Distribution and habitatThis melaleuca occurs in the Coolgardie-Esperance region of Western Australia as well as on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia, extending eastwards to western Victoria and south-western New South Wales.[3] EcologyMelaleuca uncinata is the only known host of the rare and threatened Rhizanthella gardneri, the 'underground orchid'.[8][9]UsesBuilding materialOrnamental brushwood fencing comprising the grey stems, twigs and dry foliage of Melaleuca uncinata has been in use in Australia for more than 80 years. It is an important market for melaleucas although representing only 1% of the fencing market in Western Australia. Other uses include the manufacture of garden furniture, gazebos and hanging baskets. About 600,000 bundles of brushwood, each about {{convert|25|kg|lb}} were used in Australia in 1994 with a predicted annual market growth of 5.5%.[5] Higher densities of melaleuca in the panel are reported to improve the quality of the product.[10] Essential oilsThe leaves of this species have been analysed for their oil content. There appears to be different types of oil collected from two groups of plants. One group contained 1,8-cineole as its major component and the other terpinen-4-ol.[5] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kippleonline.net/bobhoward/plantsframe.html|title=Noongar names for plants|accessdate=11 December 2016|publisher=kippleonline.net|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120071826/http://www.kippleonline.net/bobhoward/plantsframe.html|archivedate=20 November 2016|df=}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q3460133}}2. ^{{cite web |url= http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/5984 |title=Melaleuca uncinata|accessdate=2011-04-19|work=Florabase |publisher=Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia |date= }} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.florabank.org.au/lucid/key/Species%20Navigator/Media/Html/Melaleuca_uncinata.htm |title=Melaleuca uncinata|accessdate=2011-04-19|work=Florabank }} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Holliday|first1=Ivan|title=Melaleucas : a field and garden guide|date=2004|publisher=Reed New Holland Publishers|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=978-1876334987|pages=300–301|edition=2nd}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Brophy|first1=Joseph J.|last2=Craven|first2=Lyndley A.|last3=Doran|first3=John C.|title=Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses|date=2013|publisher=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research|location=Canberra|isbn=9781922137517|pages=371–372}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Melaleuca uncinata|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/545527|publisher=APNI|accessdate=14 March 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page = 826}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dixon|first1=K.W.|title=The Western Australian fully subterranean orchid Rhizanthella gardneri|journal=Orchid Biology; Reviews and Perspectives|date=1990|volume=5|pages=37–63}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Warcup|first1=J. H.|title=Rhiznthella gardneri (Orchidaceae), its Rhizoctonia endophyte and close association with Melaleuca uncinata (Myrtaceae) in Western Australia|journal=New Phytologist|date=February 1985|volume=99|issue=2|pages=273–280|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb03656.x}} 10. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.daveybrushwood.com.au |title=Davey Brushwood Fencing}} 8 : Flora of Western Australia|Flora of South Australia|Flora of New South Wales|Flora of Victoria (Australia)|Melaleuca|Myrtales of Australia|Plants described in 1812|Endemic flora of Western Australia |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。