| 词条 | Melmastia |
| 释义 |
Elphinstone in 1815 observed: "The most remarkable characteristic of the Afghans is their hospitality. The practice of this virtue is so much a point of national honor, that their reproach to an inhospitable man is that he has no Pushtunwali". (Elphinston 1969: 226). Hospitality to strangers is an obligation and is offered free, without expecting any reciprocity. But hospitality to one's kinsmen or tribesmen puts the recipient under reciprocal obligation, accompanied by the "fear that he will not be in the position to return it adequately when the occasion demands".[4] References1. ^{{Cite book|title=Afghanistan the People |last1=Banting |first1=Erinn |authorlink=|volume=|year=2003|publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company |location=|isbn=0778793354|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fl8cd15sc7wC&lpg=PP1&dq=inauthor%3A%22Erinn%20Banting%22&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-10-29}} 2. ^{{cite book |first=Rob |last=Schultheis |title=Hunting Bin Laden: How Al-Qaeda Is Winning the War on Terror |year=2008 |location=New York |publisher=Skyhorse |page=14 |isbn=9781602392441 }} 3. ^{{cite book |first=Rizwan |last=Hussain |title=Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan |year=2005 |location=Aldershot |publisher=Ashgate |page=221 |isbn=0754644340 }} 4. ^{{Cite book|title=Afghanistan: Political Frailty and External Interference |first=Nabi |last=Misdaq |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |page=273 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hHmTAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA273&ots=N1h_wPUlYR&dq=fear%20that%20he%20will%20not%20be%20in%20the%20position%20to%20return%20it%20adequately%20when%20the%20occasion%20demands&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q=fear%20that%20he%20will%20not%20be%20in%20the%20position%20to%20return%20it%20adequately%20when%20the%20occasion%20demands&f=false|isbn=9780415470247}} External links
3 : Afghan culture|Pashto words and phrases|Pashtun culture |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。