| 释义 |
- Composition
- List
- See also
- Sources Notes
The Senate of Southern Ireland was the upper house of the Parliament of Southern Ireland, established de jure in 1921 under the terms of the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The Act stipulated that there be 64 senators, but only 40 were selected and the Senate met only briefly before being dissolved. CompositionThe Senate's composition was specified in the Second Schedule of the 1920 Act, and the mode and time of selection in the Fourth Schedule. These were similar to those suggested for the Senate in the report of the Irish Convention of 1917–18.[1] The 64 members were as follows: - 3 ex officio members:
- The Lord Chancellor of Ireland, intended as the presiding officer of the Senate. The Lord Chancellor had previously been the chairman of the Irish House of Lords in the Parliament of Ireland prior to its abolition.[2]
- The Lord Mayor of Dublin and the Lord Mayor of Cork.
- 17 "Representatives of Commerce (including Banking), Labour, and the Scientific and Learned Professions" to be nominated by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for a term of 10 years.
- 44 members elected by various interest groups from among their respective memberships, using the single transferable vote:
- Elected for a term of 10 years:
- 4 Archbishops or Bishops of the Roman Catholic Church holding Sees situated wholly or partly in Southern Ireland.
- 2 Archbishops or Bishops of the Church of Ireland holding Sees situated wholly or partly in Southern Ireland.
- 16 Peers (not necessarily members of the Peerage of Ireland) who were taxpayers, or ratepayers in respect of property, and had residences, in Southern Ireland.
- 8 members of the Privy Council of Ireland of no less than two years standing who were taxpayers or ratepayers in respect of property in and had residences in Southern Ireland.
- 14 representatives of County Councils, elected for a term of three years:
- 4 from each of Leinster, Munster, and Connacht
- 2 from the three Ulster counties not in Northern Ireland (Cavan, Donegal,and Monaghan)
In practice, however, only 40 senators were selected. The Irish Republic declared by Sinn Féin in 1919 rejected the legitimacy of the 1920 Act. Sinn Féin gained control of the county councils in the 1920 local elections. The Irish Congress of Trade Unions and Labour Party supported the Republic, and the Roman Catholic hierarchy also refused to co-operate. Of the incomplete membership, many had participated in the Irish Convention.[3] Not all those selected attended its few sessions. In 1922, both the Irish Republic and Southern Ireland were superseded by Irish Free State. Some of the Southern Ireland senators were subsequently senators in the Free State Seanad (upper house), either appointed by W. T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council, or elected by the members of the Dáil (lower house). List| Class | Name | Attendance | Irish Convention | Free State Seanad | Notes |
|---|
| Lord Chancellor of Ireland | Sir John Ross, Bt | Too ill to attend | | Lord Mayor of Dublin | Laurence O'Neill | Boycotted | Member | Independent Nationalist | | Lord Mayor of Cork | Daniel O'Callaghan | Boycotted | Then incumbent (Thomas C. Butterfield) was a member | Sinn Féin. Elected for Cork Borough in the 1921 election to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. Article 18(4) of the 1920 Act precluded anyone from sitting in both Houses at once; since O'Callaghan boycotted both, sitting instead in the Second Dáil, the conflict was not resolved. | | Commerce | Edward H. Andrews | Attended | Member | Former president of Dublin Chamber of Commerce.[4] | | Commerce (Retail) | Sir John Arnott, Bt | Attended | Of Arnotts department store | | Commerce (Farming) | Sir Nugent Everard, Bt | Attended | Appointed | | Commerce (Banking) | Henry Guinness | Attended | Appointed | | Commerce (Distilling) | Andrew Jameson | Attended | Member | Appointed | | Commerce or Professions | H. P. Glynn | Attended | | Commerce or Professions | George O'Callaghan Westropp | Attended | Landowner and local government activist.[5] | | Professions (Education) | Sir Andrew Beattie | Attended | Commissioner of National Education. Leading Dublin Presbyterian. | | Professions (Education) | J. W. R. Campbell | Attended | Schoolmaster and Methodist minister.[6] | | Professions (Law) | Frederick F. Denning | Attended | King's Counsel.[7] | | Professions (Law) | Charles Gamble | Attended | President of the Law Society of Ireland.[8] | | Professions (Engineering) | Sir John Griffith | Did not attend | Elected | | Professions (Medicine) | Sir John William Moore | Attended | Physician to the Meath Hospital and medical administrator.[9] | | Professions (Medicine) | Sir William Taylor | Attended | Former President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.[10] | | Labour | 03}} Three Representatives not selected | Boycotted | 07}} Seven members | | Bishop (Roman Catholic) | 04}} Four Representatives not selected | Did not attend | 04}} Four members (Cashel, Ross, Raphoe, and Down & Connor). | | Bishop (Church of Ireland) | Charles D'Arcy | Did not attend | Predecessor (John Crozier) was a member. | Archbishop of Armagh. The see is mainly in Northern Ireland. | | Bishop (Church of Ireland) | John Gregg | Attended | Predecessor (John Bernard) was a member | Archbishop of Dublin | | Peer | Lord Cloncurry | Attended | | Peer | Earl of Desart | Did not attend | Member | | Peer | Earl of Donoughmore | Did not attend | | Peer | Earl of Dunraven | Did not attend | Member | Appointed | | Peer | Lord de Freyne | Did not attend | | Peer | Lord HolmPatrick | Did not attend | | Peer | Lord Inchiquin | Did not attend | | Peer | Lord Kenmare | Did not attend | | Peer | Earl of Mayo | Did not attend | Member | Appointed | | Peer | Earl of Midleton | Did not attend | Member | | Peer | Lord Oranmore | Did not attend | Member | | Peer | Viscount Powerscourt | Did not attend | | Peer | Lord Rathdonnell | Attended | | Peer | Marquess of Sligo | Attended | | Peer | Earl of Wicklow | Did not attend | Appointed | | Peer | 16th representative | Did not attend | | Privy Councillor | Earl of Meath | Did not attend | | Privy Councillor | Earl of Granard | Did not attend | Member | Appointed | | Privy Councillor | Sir William Goulding, 1st Bt | Did not attend | Member | | Privy Councillor | Walter MacMurrough Kavanagh | Did not attend | Member | Irish Parliamentary Party MP for Carlow County 1908–10. Previously a Unionist,[11] and chairman of Carlow County Council.[12] | | Privy Councillor | Sir Bryan Mahon | Attended | Appointed | | Privy Councillor | Earl of Westmeath | Did not attend | | Privy Councillor | Thomas Stafford | Did not attend | Member | FRCSI; Medical Commissioner of the Local Government Board for Ireland; baronet.[13] | | Privy Councillor | Laurence Ambrose Waldron | Resigned before the first meeting | | County councillor | 14 Representatives not selected | Boycotted | 38 members, one per county and county borough; also several from urban district councils. |
See also- Parliament of Southern Ireland.
Sources- {{cite web |title=The Senate of Southern Ireland, 1921 |last=Whyte |first=Nicholas |date=17 February 2002 |work=Northern Ireland elections |accessdate=8 March 2004 |url=http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/h1921.htm |publisher=Access Research Knowledge }}
- {{cite book |title=Report of the Proceedings of the Irish Convention |url=http://eppi.dippam.ac.uk/documents/22497 |accessdate=7 September 2013 |series=Command papers |volume=Cd.9019 |year=1918 |publisher=HMSO |location=Dublin }}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1920/pdf/ukpga_19200067_en.pdf |title=Government of Ireland Act, 1920 |accessdate=7 September 2013 |publisher=Office of Public Sector Information }}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?housetype=1&HouseNum=1922&disp=mem |title=1922 Seanad Members |work=Members database |publisher=Oireachtas |accessdate=7 September 2013}}
- {{cite book |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1922londuoft#page/278 |page=278 |title=Debrett's House of Commons |year=1922 |chapter=Senate of Southern Ireland |location=London |publisher=Dean}}
Notes1. ^Cd.9019, p.13
2. ^"The Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of Ireland - from the earliest times to the reign of Queen Victoria" by J. Roderick O'Flanagan, 1870 publication
3. ^Cd. 9019, pp.52–53
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dubchamber.ie/past.asp|title=Past Presidents|publisher=Dublin Chamber of Commerce|accessdate=5 February 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519063055/http://www.dubchamber.ie/past.asp|archivedate=19 May 2011|df=}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ucd.ie/archives/html/collections/ocallaghan-westropp.htm|title=Papers of George O'Callaghan-Westropp (1864–1944)|publisher=UCD|pages=IE UCDA P38|accessdate=6 September 2013}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=The Christian advocate |volume=95|year=1920|page=993|publisher=Hunt & Eaton}}
7. ^{{cite journal|year=1937|title=Remembrance Day|journal=The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal|volume=71|page=323}}
8. ^{{cite journal|year=1921|title=The Incorporated Law Society of Ireland|journal=The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal|volume=55|page=124}}
9. ^{{cite journal|last=B.|first=J. W.|author2=T. G. Moorehead |date=23 October 1937|title=Obituary: Sir John William Moore|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=2|issue=4007|pages=831–834|pmc=2087590}}
10. ^{{cite journal |last=Crawley |first=Frank C. |author2=H. C. Drury |author3=William Pearson |author4=W. Boxwell |date=February 1933 |title=In memoriam. Sir William Taylor (1871–1933) |journal=Irish Journal of Medical Science |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=86–90 |issn=1863-4362 |doi=10.1007/BF02954546 }}
11. ^{{cite book|last=Maume |first=Patrick |title=The long gestation: Irish nationalist life 1891–1918 |year=1999|publisher=Gill & Macmillan|page=101}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Irish point of view on new tillage rules; Rt. Hon. Walter McMurrough Kavanagh Expresses Opinion With Regard to Compulsory Tillage Regulations in Ireland Farmer's Comments How Regulations Appear to an Irish Landowner|date=28 March 1917|work=Christian Science Monitor|page=3|location=Boston}}
13. ^{{cite journal|date=25 May 1935|title=Obituary: Sir Thomas Stafford, Bt., F.R.C.S.I|journal=British Medical Journal|issue=3881|page=1102|pmc=2460354|pmid=20779108|volume=1|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3881.1102}}
2 : Lists of political office-holders in the Republic of Ireland|Members of the Senate of Southern Ireland |