| 词条 | Michael F. Holick |
| 释义 |
| name = Michael F. Holick | image = Michael F. Holick - Photo.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1946}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | citizenship = American | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = Boston University Medical Center | alma_mater = University of Wisconsin–Madison | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Vitamin D research | influences = | influenced = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | spouse = }} Michael F. Holick (born 1946) is an American adult endocrinologist, specializing in the field of vitamin D, such as the identification of both calcidiol, the major circulating form of vitamin D, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. His work has been the basis for diagnostic tests and therapies for vitamin D-related diseases. He is a professor of medicine at the Boston University Medical Center and editor-in-chief of the journal Clinical Laboratory. Professional activitiesAfter earning a Ph.D. degree in biochemistry, a medical degree, and completing a research postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Holick completed a residency in medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.[1] He is an adult endocrinologist and professor of medicine, physiology and biophysics and director of the Bone Health Care Clinic and the Heliotherapy, Light, and Skin Research Center at Boston University Medical Center,[2] providing extensive evaluation and treatment programs for children and adults with various metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteomalacia, stress fractures in young athletic women and men, and minimum trauma and nontraumatic fractures in infants, children and adults with hypermobility syndromes, Osteogenesis imperfecta, and Ehlers Danlos Syndrome.[3] He has been director of the General Clinical Research Unit at Boston University for several years.[1] Holick serves as chair of NASA's "Human Health Countermeasures Element" Standing Review Panel,[4] chair of the Endocrine Practice Guidelines Committee for Vitamin D,[5] and editor-in-chief of the medical journal Clinical Laboratory.[6] Academic achievements and researchHolick made discoveries in the field of vitamin D that have led to novel therapies for metabolic bone diseases, hypocalcemic disorders, and psoriasis. He is author of more than 400 publications about the biochemistry, physiology, metabolism and photobiology of vitamin D and the pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency.[7] His scientific work increased awareness in the pediatric and medical communities regarding vitamin D deficiency,[8] and its role in causing not only metabolic bone disease, and osteoporosis in adults, but increasing risk of children and adults developing common deadly cancers, autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and heart disease,[9] as discussed in his review article.[9] He has been quoted and his scientific work has been referenced in The New York Times,[10] Forbes,[11][12] Newsweek,[13] Men's Health,[14] Scientific American[15] and Time.[16] He wrote several books about the importance of vitamin D and its beneficial health effects to the broad public, and discussed the benefits of sensible and the risks of excessive sun exposure.[17][18] His promotion of Vitamin D has been called extreme, even speculating that the extinction of the dinosaurs could be caused by a lack of it in the reduced sunlight.[19] As a graduate student, he identified the major circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3,[20] which is the vitamin D metabolite that is measured by physicians worldwide to determine a patient's vitamin D status.[21] He also identified the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3,[22] as well as other metabolites including 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3,[23] 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3[24] and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3.[25] As a fellow, he participated in the first chemical synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[26] and 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3[27] to treat renal osteodystrophy,[28] hypoparathyroidism,[29][30] vitamin D dependent rickets type I,[31] and osteoporosis.[32] Furthermore, he elucidated the pathophysiology of hereditary vitamin D-dependent rickets which involves defective vitamin D metabolism,[33] and the pathophysiological mechanisms of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.[34] Holick helped develop the first clinical assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D,[35] determined how vitamin D3 is made in the skin from sun exposure,[36] and established how season,[37] time of day,[38] skin pigmentation,[39] sunscreen use,[40] and latitude[37] influenced this vital cutaneous process. He established that the skin was not only the organ responsible for making vitamin D3[36] but was also a target tissue for its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.[41] He determined the extremely inhibitory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on keratinocyte proliferation and the promoting effects on differentiation,[41] and translated these seminal observations by demonstrating that the topical application of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and several of its analogs were effective for the treatment of psoriasis.[42] He demonstrated that macrophages[43] and prostate cells[44] have the enzymatic machinery to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and established that the extrarenal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may play a crucial role not only in cancer prevention but also in regulating the immune system.[45] He developed a vitamin D absorption test[46] and demonstrated that vitamin D was bioavailable in orange juice, leading to fortification of juice products in the United States.[47] He also used the test to demonstrate the major cause of vitamin D deficiency in obesity is sequestration of vitamin D in the fat.[48] He helped perform dose escalation studies establishing how much vitamin D is required to maintain blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the sufficient range for adults. These studies also demonstrated that up to 10,000 IU of vitamin D a day for 5 months did not cause toxicity.[49] ControversiesHolick has been involved in several medical controversies. While at Boston University, he was asked to leave the Division of Dermatology because of his promoting the medical benefits of sun exposure. He accepted research funding for this work from a non-profit tanning bed company, considered by many to be an important potential bias. Barbara Gilchrest, then head of the department at Boston University, called Holick's book "shlock science" and Holick "a poster boy for the tanning industry".[50] Holick received nearly $163,000 from 2013 to 2017 from pharmaceutical companies, according to Medicare’s Open Payments database, which tracks payments from drug and device manufacturers. The companies paying him included Sanofi-Aventis, which markets vitamin D supplements; Shire, which makes drugs for hormonal disorders that are given with vitamin D; Amgen, which makes an osteoporosis treatment; and Roche Diagnostics and Quidel Corp., which both make vitamin D tests.[51] Holick has also been criticized by pediatricians specializing in child abuse because of his testimony in criminal trials supporting Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome as a potential cause of non-traumatic fractures in infancy (rather than abuse), which has not been substantiated by the medical literature.[52] In January 2018, Robert Marvin Ray, one of the parents whom Holick worked with over child abuse suspicions, was arrested and charged with child abuse.[50][53] AwardsHolick has been awarded for his contributions to the field of vitamin D research with prizes,[54] including the Merit Award from the National Institute of Health, the first American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Fuller Albright Award, the Mead Johnson Award, the Osborne and Mendel Award, the McCollum Award, the Robert H. Herman Award from the American Society for Clinical Nutrition, ACN Award from the American College of Nutrition, the NIH’s General Clinical Research Center's Program Award for Excellence in Clinical Research, the Psoriasis Research Achievement Award from the American Skin Association,[1] the DSM Innovation in Nutrition Award,[55] the Van Slyke Award from American Association for Clinical Chemistry,[56] the Linus Pauling Prize In Human Nutrition,[57] the Delbert A Fisher Research Scholar Award from the Endocrine Society,[58] and the American College of Nutrition's Communication Media Award.[59] Selected publicationsBooks
Scientific journal articles
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://nutrition.med.harvard.edu/personnel/biosketch/Holick_bio.pdf |title=med.harvard.edu - Biographical Sketch M.F. Holick |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627083438/http://nutrition.med.harvard.edu/personnel/biosketch/Holick_bio.pdf |archivedate=2010-06-27 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bumc.bu.edu/endo/faculty/holick/ |title=Boston University School of Medicine, Michael F. Holick Ph.D., M.D. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610183228/http://www.bumc.bu.edu/endo/faculty/holick/ |archivedate=2012-06-10 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bumc.bu.edu/endo/clinics/bone/ |title=Vitamin D and Bone Metabolism Unit at Boston University}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/reviews/2010%20SRP%20Report.pdf |title=Human Research Program 2010 Chair Standing Review Panel Meeting}} 5. ^{{cite journal |pmid=21646368 |year=2011 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |last2=Binkley |first2=NC |last3=Bischoff-Ferrari |first3=HA |last4=Gordon |first4=CM |last5=Hanley |first5=DA |last6=Heaney |first6=RP |last7=Murad |first7=MH |last8=Weaver |first8=CM |last9=Endocrine Society| displayauthors = 8 |title=Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline |volume=96 |issue=7 |pages=1911–30 |journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab |doi=10.1210/jc.2011-0385 |first9=Society}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.clin-lab-publications.com/editorial.html?PHPSESSID=f5626dc331cf5a5d6d10904346d25e62 |title=Journal of Clinical Laboratory - Editorial Board - Editor-In-Chief - MF Holick |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130119092751/http://www.clin-lab-publications.com/editorial.html?PHPSESSID=f5626dc331cf5a5d6d10904346d25e62 |archivedate=2013-01-19 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/48733 |title=Harvard Catalyst Profiles: Michael Holick}} 8. ^{{cite journal |pmid=18400738 |year=2008 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |last2=Chen |first2=TC |title=Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=1080S–6S |journal=Am J Clin Nutr |doi=10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080s}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |pmid=17634462 |year=2007 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |title=Vitamin D deficiency |volume=357 |issue=3 |pages=266–81 |journal=N Engl J Med |doi=10.1056/NEJMra070553}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/21/magazine/21FOB-Q4-t.html |title=Dr. Sunshine}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/11/06/019b.html |title=Update on Fibromyalgia and Vitamin D}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/sun-vitamin-d-lifestyle-health-sun-vitamin.html |title=Why You Should Be Getting More Sun}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2006/01/22/the-nature-of-nutrients.html |title=The nature of nutrients}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.menshealth.com/spotlight/skin/get_some_sun2.php |title=Get some sun |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105185900/http://www.menshealth.com/spotlight/skin/get_some_sun2.php |archivedate=2013-11-05 |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=five-years-after-being-fired-sun-ex-2009-01-30 |title=Scientific American - The Vitamin D and sun debate}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/M.-F.-Holick/e/B001K6Y32E |title=Bibliography M.F. Holick}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&ie=UTF8&field-author=Michael%20Holick |title=Books - Michael F. Holick}} 18. ^{{cite book |title=The Vitamin D Solution: A 3-Step Strategy to Cure Our Most Common Health Problems |last=Holick |first=MF |year=2011 |publisher=Plume 1st edition |location= |isbn=978-0452296886 }} 19. ^https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/18/business/vitamin-d-michael-holick.html 20. ^{{cite journal |pmid=4332591 |year=1972 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |last2=Deluca |first2=HF |last3=Avioli |first3=LV |title=Isolation and identification of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from human plasma |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=56–61 |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |doi=10.1001/archinte.1972.00320010060005}} 21. ^{{cite journal |pmid=8825231 |year=1996 |last1=Hollis |first1=BW |title=Assessment of vitamin D nutritional and hormonal status: what to measure and how to do it |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=4–5 |journal=Cacif Tissue Int. |doi=10.1007/BF02509538}} 22. ^{{cite journal |pmid=4326883 |year=1971 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |last2=Schnoes |first2=HK |last3=Deluca |first3=HF |last4=Suda |first4=T |last5=Cousins |first5=RJ |title=Isolation and identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A metabolite of vitamin D active in intestine |volume=10 |issue=14 |pages=2799–804 |journal=Biochemistry |doi=10.1021/bi00790a023}} 23. ^{{cite journal |pmid=4342902 |year=1972 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |last2=Schnoes |first2=HK |last3=Deluca |first3=HF |last4=Gray |first4=RW |last5=Boyle |first5=IT |last6=Suda |first6=T |title=Isolation and identification of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a metabolite of vitamin D made in the kidney |volume=11 |issue=23 |pages=4251–5 |journal=Biochemistry |doi=10.1021/bi00773a009}} 24. ^{{cite journal |pmid=4355503 |year=1973 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |last2=Kleiner-Bossaller |first2=A |last3=Schnoes |first3=HK |last4=Kasten |first4=PM |last5=Boyle |first5=IT |last6=Deluca |first6=HF |title=1,24,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3. A metabolite of vitamin D3 effective on intestine |volume=248 |issue=19 |pages=6691–6 |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry}} 25. ^{{cite journal |pmid=4319987 |year=1970 |last1=Deluca |first1=HF |last2=Suda |first2=T |last3=Schnoes |first3=HK |last4=Tanaka |first4=Y |last5=Holick |first5=MF |title=25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a metabolite of vitamin D3 with intestinal calcium transport activity |volume=9 |issue=24 |pages=4776–80 |journal=Biochemistry |doi=10.1021/bi00826a022}} 26. ^{{cite journal |pmid=7010230 |year=1980 |title=Nutrition classics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Volume 68, 1971, pages 803-804. "Identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D3 metabolically active in the intestine" by M.F.Holick, H.K. Schnoes and H.F.Deluca |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=190–2 |journal=Nutrition Reviews |doi=10.1111/j.1753-4887.1980.tb05891.x|last1=Holick |first1=M.F. |last2=Schnoes |first2=H.K. |last3=Luca |first3=H.F. |pmc=389047 }} 27. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1188356 |title=Synthesis of (6-3H)-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and its metabolism in vivo to (3H)-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 |year=1975 |last1=Holick |first1=M. |last2=Holick |first2=S. |last3=Tavela |first3=T |last4=Gallagher |first4=B |last5=Schnoes |first5=H. |last6=Deluca |first6=H. |journal=Science |volume=190 |issue=4214 |pages=576–8 |pmid=1188356}} 28. ^{{cite journal |pmid=1111876 |year=1975 |last1=Silverberg |first1=DS |last2=Bettcher |first2=KB |last3=Dossetor |first3=JB |last4=Overton |first4=TR |last5=Holick |first5=MF |last6=Deluca |first6=HF |title=Effect of I,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in renal osteodystrophy |volume=112 |issue=2 |pages=190, 193–5 |pmc=1956416 |journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal}} 29. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1056/NEJM197510232931702 |title=Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Metabolites of Vitamin D: Evidence for Impaired Conversion of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D |year=1975 |last1=Kooh |first1=Sang Whay |last2=Fraser |first2=Donald |last3=Deluca |first3=Hector F. |last4=Holick |first4=Michael F. |last5=Belsey |first5=Richard E. |last6=Clark |first6=Mary B. |last7=Murray |first7=Timothy M. |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=293 |issue=17 |pages=840–4 |pmid=170516}} 30. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0026-0495(75)90055-4 |title=Effects of 1α-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in hypoparathyroidism |year=1975 |last1=Neer |first1=R.M. |last2=Holick |first2=M.F. |last3=Deluca |first3=H.F. |last4=Potts |first4=J.T. |journal=Metabolism |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=1403–13 |pmid=1196134}} 31. ^{{cite journal |pmid=169507 |year=1975 |last1=Balsan |first1=S |last2=Garabedian |first2=M |last3=Sorgniard |first3=R |last4=Holick |first4=MF |last5=Deluca |first5=HF |title=1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1, alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in children: Biologic and therapeutic effects in nutritional rickets and different types of vitamin D resistance |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=586–93 |journal=Pediatric Research |doi=10.1203/00006450-197507000-00007}} 32. ^{{cite journal |pmid=18020534 |year=2007 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |title=Optimal vitamin D status for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=1017–29 |journal=Drugs & Aging |doi=10.2165/00002512-200724120-00005}} 33. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1056/NEJM197310182891601 |title=Pathogenesis of Hereditary Vitamin-D-Dependent Rickets |year=1973 |last1=Fraser |first1=Donald |last2=Kooh |first2=Sang Whay |last3=Kind |first3=H. Peter |last4=Holick |first4=Michael F. |last5=Tanaka |first5=Yoko |last6=Deluca |first6=Hector F. |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=289 |issue=16 |pages=817–22 |pmid=4357855}} 34. ^{{cite journal |pmid=4124774 |year=1973 |last1=Glorieux |first1=FH |last2=Holick |first2=MF |last3=Scriver |first3=CR |last4=Deluca |first4=HF |title=X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets: Inadequate therapeutic response to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol |volume=2 |issue=7824 |pages=287–9 |journal=Lancet |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90793-9}} 35. ^{{cite journal |pmid=6286167 |year=1982 |last1=Clemens |first1=TL |last2=Adams |first2=JS |last3=Nolan |first3=JM |last4=Holick |first4=MF |title=Measurement of circulating vitamin D in man |volume=121 |issue=3 |pages=301–8 |journal=Clinica Chimica Acta |doi=10.1016/0009-8981(82)90239-X}} 36. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.6251551 |title=Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences |year=1980 |last1=Holick |first1=MF |last2=MacLaughlin |first2=JA |last3=Clark |first3=MB |last4=Holick |first4=SA |last5=Potts |first5=JT junior |last6=Anderson |first6=RR |last7=Blank |first7=IH |last8=Parrish |first8=JA |last9=Elias |first9=P.| displayauthors = 8 |journal=Science |volume=210 |issue=4466 |pages=203–205 |pmid=6251551}} 37. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1210/jcem-67-2-373 |title=Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin |year=1988 |last1=Webb |first1=AR |last2=Kline |first2=L |last3=Holick |first3=MF |journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=273–8 |pmid=2839537 |last4=Nielsen |first4=CT |last5=Price |first5=PA |last6=Christiansen |first6=C |last7=Skakkebaek |first7=NE}} 38. ^{{cite book |title=Influence of season and time of day on the synthesis of vitamin D3. In: Holick MF, Kligman A, eds. Proceedings of the Biologic Effects of Light Symposium |year=1992 |last1=Lu |first1=Z |last2=Chen |first2=TC |last3=Holick|first3=MF |work=Berlin: Walter De Gruyter & Co |pages=53–6}} 39. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90214-8 |title=Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of the skin to synthesize vitamin D |year=1982 |last1=Clemens |first1=TL |last2=Adams |first2=JS |last3=Henderson |first3=SL |last4=Holick |first4=MF |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=8263 |pages=74–6 |pmid=6119494}} 40. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1210/jcem-64-6-1165 |title=Sunscreens suppress cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis |year=1987 |last1=Matsuoka |first1=LY |last2=Ide |first2=L |last3=Wortsman |first3=J |last4=MacLaughlin |first4=JA |last5=Holick |first5=MF |journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab |volume=64 |issue=6 |pages=1165–8 |pmid=3033008}} 41. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276343 |title=Effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the morphologic and biochemical differentiation of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes grown in serum-free conditions |year=1986 |last1=Smith |first1=EL |last2=Walworth |first2=NC |last3=Holick |first3=MF |journal=J. 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biography - awards |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903153516/http://www.uvadvantage.org/AboutDrHolick/Biography/tabid/54/Default.aspx#awards |archivedate=2011-09-03 |df= }} 55. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dsm.com/en_US/html/da/WinnersNutritionAward_2009.htm |title=DSM Nutrition Award 2009 presented to Michael Holick and Heike Bischoff-Ferrari |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312045323/http://www.dsm.com/en_US/html/da/WinnersNutritionAward_2009.htm |archivedate=2013-03-12 |df= }} 56. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aacc.org/members/loc_sections/nymetro/Awards/Pages/vsf10dinner.aspx |title=American Association for Clinical Chemistry - 2010 Van Slyke Award}} 57. ^{{cite web |url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/recipient.html |title=2009 Linus Pauling Institute Prize Recipient |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307022938/http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/recipient.html |archivedate=2012-03-07 |df= }} 58. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm-news/2011/06/21/holick-honored-by-the-endocrine-society/ |title=Dr. Holick honored by Endocrine Society}} 59. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.news-medical.net/news/20111123/BUSM-professor-receives-2011-ACN-Communication-Media-Award.aspx |title=BUSM professor receives 2011 ACN Communication Media Award}} External links
4 : 1946 births|Living people|Boston University faculty|American endocrinologists |
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