| 词条 | Michael Houghton (virologist) |
| 释义 |
| name = Michael Houghton | image = File:Prof Michael Houghton.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = United Kingdom | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Microbiology Virology | workplaces = University of Alberta Chiron Corporation | alma_mater = University of East Anglia {{small|(BSc)}} King's College London {{small|(PhD)}} | thesis_title = RNA Polymerases and Transcription in the Chicken Oviduct | thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.459749 | thesis_year = 1977 | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Hepatitis C Hepatitis D | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award (1992) Robert Koch Prize (1993) William Beaumont Prize (1994) Lasker Award (2000) Gairdner Foundation International Award (2013 - declined) | signature = | signature_alt = | footnotes = | spouse = | website = Michael Houghton, PhD }}Michael Houghton is a British scientist, who along with Qui-Lim Choo, George Kuo and Daniel W. Bradley, co-discovered Hepatitis C in 1989.[1] He also co-discovered the Hepatitis D genome in 1986.[2] The discovery of Hepatitis C led to the rapid development of diagnostic reagents to detect HCV in blood supplies which has reduced the risk of acquiring HCV through blood transfusion from one in three to about one in two million.[3][4] It is estimated that antibody testing has prevented at least 40,000 new infections per year in the US alone and many more worldwide.[5] Houghton is currently Canada Excellence Research Chair in Virology and Li Ka Shing Professor of Virology at the University of Alberta where he is also Director of the Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute.[6] Early life and educationBorn in the United Kingdom in the 1950s, at the age of 17 Houghton was inspired to become a microbiologist after reading about Louis Pasteur.[7][8] Houghton graduated from the University of East Anglia with a degree in biological sciences in 1972 and subsequently completed his PhD in biochemistry at King's College London in 1977.[9] CareerHoughton joined G. D. Searle & Company before moving to Chiron Corporation in 1982. It was at Chiron that Houghton together with colleagues Qui-Lim Choo and George Kuo, and Daniel W. Bradley from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, first discovered Hepatitis C.[10] Houghton was co-author of a series of seminal studies published in 1989 and 1990 that identified hepatitis C antibodies in blood, particularly among patients at higher risk of contracting the disease, including those who had received blood transfusions.[11][12][13][14] This work led to the development of a blood screening test in 1990; widespread blood screening that began in 1992 with the development of a more sensitive test has since virtually eliminated hepatitis C contamination of donated blood supplies in Canada.[15][16] In other studies published during the same period, Houghton and collaborators linked hepatitis C with liver cancer.[17][18][19] In 2013, Houghton's team at the University of Alberta showed that a vaccine derived from a single strain of Hepatitis C was effective against all strains of the virus.[20][21] The vaccine is currently in clinical trials. Houghton holds 73 U.S. patents related to his research; a further seven patents are pending. Awards
References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M |title=Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome |journal=Science |volume=244 |issue=4902 |pages=359–62 |date=April 1989 |pmid=2523562 |doi=10.1126/science.2523562|citeseerx=10.1.1.469.3592 }} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Houghton, Michael}}2. ^{{cite journal|last=Wang|first=KS |author2=Choo, QL |author3=Weiner, AJ |author4=Ou, JH |author5=Najarian, RC |author6=Thayer, RM |author7=Mullenbach, GT |author8=Denniston, KJ |author9=Gerin, JL |author10=Houghton, M|title=Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta (delta) viral genome|journal=Nature|date=9 October 1986|volume=323|issue=6088|pages=508–14|pmid=3762705|doi=10.1038/323508a0}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Opinion: Nobel-worthy discovery right in our backyard|url=http://www.chrcrm.org/en/node/6048|website=Canadian for Health Research|accessdate=4 September 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Science world abuzz as virologist turns down Gairdner award|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/science/science-world-abuzz-as-virologist-turns-down-gairdner-award/article10052360/|website=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=10 September 2016}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Thompson|first1=Gilbert|title=Pioneers of Medicine Without a Nobel Prize|date=2014|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/?id=_dK3CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206&lpg=PA206&dq=%22Pioneers+of+Medicine+Without+a+Nobel+Prize%22+%22houghton%22#v=onepage&q=%22Pioneers%20of%20Medicine%20Without%20a%20Nobel%20Prize%22%20%22houghton%22&f=false|isbn=9781783263868}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mmi.med.ualberta.ca/staff_students/michael_houghton.php|title=MMI Faculty - Michael Houghton, PhD|accessdate=13 January 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Michael Houghton, PhD|url=http://www.chrcrm.org/en/rotm/michael-houghton-phd|website=Canadians for Health Research|accessdate=8 October 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Eureka moments in research|url=http://www.aihealthsolutions.ca/news-and-events/media-centre/eureka-moments-in-research/|website=Alberta Innovates: Health Solutions|accessdate=8 October 2016}} 9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=n5P696E7T0wC&pg=PA344&dq=dr+Michael+Houghton#v=onepage&q=dr%20Michael%20Houghton&f=false|title=Liver Cirrhosis and Its Development - Google Books|accessdate=2014-01-12|isbn=9780792387602|last1=Boyer|first1=J.L|last2=Blum|first2=H.E|last3=Maier|first3=K.P|last4=Sauerbruch|first4=T.|last5=Stalder|first5=G.A|date=2001-03-31}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Houghton|first1=M|title=The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus.|journal=J. Hepatol.|date=2009|volume=51|issue=5|pages=939–948|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004|pmid=19781804}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Kuo|first1=G|last2=Choo|first2=Q-L|last3=Alter|first3=HJ|last4=Gitnick|first4=GI|last5=Redeker|first5=AG|last6=Purcell|first6=RH|last7=Miyamura|first7=T|last8=Dienstag|first8=JL|last9=Alter|first9=MJ|last10=Stevens|first10=CE|last11=Tegtmeier|first11=GE|last12=Bonino|first12=F|last13=Colombo|first13=M|last14=Lee|first14=W-S|last15=Kuo|first15=C|last16=Berger|first16=K|last17=Shuster|first17=JR|last18=Overby|first18=LR|last19=Bradley|first19=DW|last20=Houghton|first20=M|title=An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis.|journal=Science|date=1989|volume=244|issue=4902|pages=362–364|doi=10.1126/science.2496467}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last1=Esteban|first1=JI|last2=Viladomiu|first2=L|last3=Bonzalez|first3=A|last4=Roget|first4=M|last5=Genesca|first5=J|last6=Guardia|first6=J|last7=Esteban|first7=R|last8=Lopez-Talavera|first8=JC|last9=Hernandez|first9=JM|last10=Vargas|first10=V|last11=Buti|first11=M|last12=Kuo|first12=G|last13=Choo|first13=Q-L|last14=Houghton|first14=M|title=Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain.|journal=Lancet|date=1989|volume=334|issue=8658|pages=294–297|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90485-6}} 13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Van Der Poel|first1=CL|last2=Ressink|first2=HW|last3=Lelie|first3=PN|last4=Leentvaar-Kuypers|first4=A|last5=Choo|first5=Q-L|last6=Kuo|first6=G|last7=Houghton|first7=M|title=Anti-hepatitis C antibodies and non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in the Netherlands.|journal=Lancet|date=1989|volume=334|issue=8658|pages=297–298|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90486-8}} 14. ^{{cite journal |last1=Alter |first1=HJ |last2=Purcell |first2=RH |last3=Shih |first3=JW |last4=Melpolder |first4=JC |last5=Houghton |first5=M |last6=Choo |first6=Q-L|last7=Kuo |first7=G |title=Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |date=1989 |volume=321 |issue=22 |pages=1494–1500 | doi = 10.1056/nejm198911303212202}} 15. ^{{cite journal|last1=Cha|first1=T-A |last2=Kolberg |first2=J |last3=Irvine |first3=B |last4=Stempien |first4=M |last5=Beall |first5=E |last6=Yano |first6=M |last7=Choo |first7=Q-L |last8=Houghton |first8=M |last9=Kuo |first9=G |last10=Han |first10=JH |last11=Urdea |first11=MS |title=Use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis C virus for detection of viral RNA in human serum and plasma |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |date=1991 |volume=29 |pages=2528–2534}} 16. ^{{cite journal|last1=Bresters|first1=D|last2=Cuypers|first2=HT|last3=Reesink|first3=HW|last4=Schaasberg|first4=WP|last5=van der Poel|first5=CL|last6=Mauser-Bunschoten|first6=EP|last7=Houghton|first7=M|last8=Choo|first8=Q-L|last9=Kuo|first9=G|last10=Lesniewski|first10=R|last11=Troonen|first11=H|last12=Lelie|first12=PN|title=Enhanced sensitivity of a second generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus.|journal=Vox Sang.|date=1992|volume=62|issue=4|pages=213–217|doi=10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01201.x}} 17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hasan|first1=F|last2=Jeffers|first2=L|last3=de Medina|first3=M|last4=Reddy|first4=R|last5=Parker|first5=T|last6=Schiff|first6=E|last7=Houghton|first7=M|last8=Choo|first8=Q-L|last9=Kuo|first9=G|title=Hepatitis C HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma.|journal=Hepatology|date=1989|volume=10|issue=4|page=580|doi=10.1002/hep.1840100432}} 18. ^{{cite journal|last1=De Bisceglie|first1=AM|last2=Alter|first2=H|last3=Kuo|first3=G|last4=Houghton|first4=M|last5=Hoofnagle|first5=JH|title=Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with various chronic liver diseases.|journal=Hepatology|date=1989|volume=10|issue=4|page=581|doi=10.1002/hep.1840100432}} 19. ^{{cite journal|last1=Saito|first1=I|last2=Miyamura|first2=T|last3=Ohbayashi|first3=A|last4=Harada|first4=H|last5=Katayama|first5=T|last6=Kikuchi|first6=S|last7=Watanabe|first7=Y|last8=Koi|first8=S|last9=Onji|first9=M|last10=Ohta|first10=Y|last11=Choo|first11=Q-L|last12=Houghton|first12=M|last13=Kuo|first13=G|title=Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.|journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA|date=1990|volume=87|issue=17|pages=6547–6549|doi=10.1073/pnas.87.17.6547|pmid=2168552|pmc=54573}} 20. ^{{cite journal|last=Law|first=JL |author2=Chen, C |author3=Wong, J |author4=Hockman, D |author5=Santer, DM |author6=Frey, SE |author7=Belshe, RB |author8=Wakita, T |author9=Bukh, J |author10=Jones, CT |author11=Rice, CM |author12=Abrignani, S |author13=Tyrrell, DL |author14=Houghton, M.|title=A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine comprising envelope glycoproteins gpE1/gpE2 derived from a single isolate elicits broad cross-genotype neutralizing antibodies in humans.|journal=PLOS ONE|date=March 19, 2013|volume=8|issue=3|pmid=23527266|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059776 |pmc=3602185 |pages=e59776}} 21. ^{{cite journal|last1=Houghton|first1=M|last2=Law|first2=J|last3=Tyrrell|first3=DL|title=An inactivated hepatitis C virus vaccine on the horizon?|journal=Gastroenterology|date=2013|volume=145|issue=2|pages=285–288|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.06.029}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.folio.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?v=104208&i=104377&a=3|title=World-renowned virologist named recipient of Gairdner Award|date=March 22, 2013|accessdate=13 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112052337/http://www.folio.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?v=104208&i=104377&a=3|archivedate=12 January 2014|df=}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/03/20/team-player-edmonton-scientist-turns-down-100000-baby-nobel-because-it-shut-out-colleagues/|title=Edmonton scientist turns down $100,000 'baby Nobel' because it shut out colleagues|last=Boesveld|first=Sarah|date=20 March 2013|accessdate=13 January 2014}} 9 : 1950s births|Living people|Alumni of the University of East Anglia|Alumni of King's College London|University of Alberta faculty|Canada Research Chairs|British virologists|British microbiologists|Recipients of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。