| 词条 | Michael S. Rogers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|image = Rogers 2018.jpg{{!}}border |office = United States Cyber Command |order = 2nd Commander of |president = Barack Obama Donald Trump |deputy = |term_start = April 3, 2014 |term_end = May 4, 2018[1] |predecessor = Keith B. Alexander |successor = Paul M. Nakasone |office1 = Director of the National Security Agency |order1 = 17th |president1 = Barack Obama Donald Trump |deputy1 = George C. Barnes |term_start1 = April 3, 2014 |term_end1 = May 4, 2018[2] |predecessor1 = Keith B. Alexander |successor1 = Paul M. Nakasone |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|10|31}} |birth_place = Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |education = Auburn University {{small|(BA)}} Naval War College {{small|(MS)}} |allegiance = {{flagu|United States}} |branch = {{Naval|United States}} |serviceyears = 1981–2018 |rank = {{Dodseal|USNO10|25}} Admiral |commands = U.S. Cyber Command, National Security Agency, Central Security Service U.S. Fleet Cyber Command U.S. Tenth Fleet |battles = Invasion of Grenada Multinational Force in Lebanon }} Michael S. Rogers (born October 31, 1959) is a former United States Navy admiral who served as the second commander of the U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). He concurrently served as the 17th director of the National Security Agency (NSA) and as chief of the Central Security Service (CSS) from April 3, 2014. Prior to that, Rogers served as the Commander of the Tenth Fleet and Commander of the U.S. Fleet Cyber Command.[3] During his tenure, he helped transform and elevate U.S. Cyber Command into a unified combatant command. He relinquished command on May 4, 2018 to his successor, Paul Nakasone.[4] He retired from active duty in the United States Navy on June 1, 2018. Early life and educationRogers was born on October 31, 1959[5] and is a native of Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from New Trier High School in 1977.[6] He is a graduate of Auburn University (1981) and the Naval War College.[7] Career1980sRogers received his commission through the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) program and has served in the United States Navy since graduating from Auburn University in 1981. He started his career as a Surface Warfare Officer working in naval gunfire support operations off Grenada, Beirut, and maritime surveillance operations off El Salvador on board the USS Caron (DD-970).[8] In 1986, he was selected for transfer from Unrestricted Line Officer to Restricted Line Officer and re-designation as a cryptology officer.[9] 2000sDuring the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, Rogers joined the military's Joint Staff, which works for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, where he specialized in computer network attacks. From 2007 onward he served as director of intelligence for the military's Pacific Command. In 2009, he became director of intelligence for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and was subsequently named commander of U.S. Fleet Cyber Command and commander of the U.S. 10th Fleet, with responsibility for all of the Navy's cyberwarfare efforts.[8] As such, Rogers was the first restricted line officer to serve as a numbered fleet commander and the first Information Warfare Community (IWC) officer to achieve the rank of vice admiral.[10] 2010sIn January 2014, the Obama Administration announced Rogers' nomination as director of the National Security Agency and the commander of the United States offensive cyberoperations unit in the Department of Defense. Rogers succeeded General Keith B. Alexander, who served as the NSA director for nine years,[11][12][13] and became the first IWC officer to achieve the rank of admiral. Although the NSA directorship does not require Senate approval, Rogers had to be confirmed by the Senate to head United States Cyber Command,[14] for which the Senate unanimously confirmed him. In his first public remarks as NSA director, Rogers stated that he believed that NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden was "probably not" working for a foreign intelligence agency, despite frequent speculation and assertion by the NSA's allies to the contrary. Rogers added: "He clearly believes in what he's doing. I question that; I don't agree with it. I fundamentally disagree with what he did. I believe it was wrong; I believe it was illegal."[15] The Washington Post reported on 19 November 2016 that Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter and Director of National Intelligence (DNI) James R. Clapper, Jr. had sometime earlier in the year recommended to President Obama that Rogers be terminated as director of the National Security Agency.[17] Carter reportedly recommended he be terminated due to poor performance, whereas Clapper considered it wise that the position be held by a civilian.[17] Both Clapper and Carter had put Rogers on notice for poor performance in internal security and leadership style.[17] Others have contended that the real reason Clapper and Carter wanted Rogers fired is because he was a whistleblower, having initiated an Inspector General (IG) investigation and subsequent report to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Court about a sustained pattern during the Obama Administration of illegally performed searches on U.S. Persons by improperly using FISA Section 702 authorities. This belief is buttressed by the IG report and by the April 26, 2017 U.S. FISA Court "Memorandum Opinion and Order." The declassified version of that document states "The October 26, 2016 Notice disclosed that an NSA Inspector General (IG) review and report and NSA Office of Comliance for Operations (OCO) verification activities indicated that, with greater frequency than previously disclosed to the Court, NSA analysts had used U.S.-person identifiers to query the results of Internet 'upstream' collection, even though NSA's Section 702 minimization procedures prohibited such queries. To understand why such queries were prohibited, and why this disclosure gave the Court substantial concern, some historical background is necessary."[16] The report goes on to state "At the October 26, 2016 hearing, the Court ascribed the government's failure to disclose those IG and OCO reviews at the October 4, 2016 hearing to an institutional 'lack of candor' on NSA's part and emphasized that 'this is a very serious Fourth Amendment issue'" (page 19). As a result of these transgressions, there were "changes in the scope of NSA collection under Section 702, as reflected in the March 30, 2017 Amendments" (page 14). These changes were designed to prevent recurrence of the illegal collection discussed in the Court filing. Other sources contend that Admiral Rogers' termination was delayed due to stalled changes to the bureaucratic structure of the intelligence community.[17] Before the recommendation of firing was made, Rogers met with then President-elect Donald Trump without notifying his superiors.[17] Some sources contend that the reason he did not notify Mr. Clapper was the fact he was alerting President Elect Trump about Mr. Clapper's allegedly illegal actions with respect to FISA Section 702. Trump was reportedly considering replacing Clapper with Rogers as DNI, however that position went to former Senator Dan Coats, with Rogers remaining NSA director.[18]In January 2018, Rogers announced he would be retiring from the NSA in the spring.[19][20][21] Rogers still has his US Gov't Security Clearance and as of December 9, 2018 works for Israel's Team8 helping them with new venture (Globe, Israel's Business Arena, 12/9/2018) Military decorations
References1. ^[https://www.dvidshub.net/webcast/15142 U.S. Cyber Command Change of Command/Command Elevation Ceremony] 2. ^[https://www.dvidshub.net/webcast/15142 U.S. Cyber Command Change of Command/Command Elevation Ceremony] 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-nsa-chief-20140128,0,7074152.story#axzz2x8EEmnP6|title=Navy cyber warfare chief is Obama's pick to lead NSA|date=27 January 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=15 August 2015}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.military.com/defensetech/2018/05/04/cyber-command-elevated-combatant-command.html|title=Cyber Command Elevated to Combatant Command|date=2018-05-04|work=Military.com|access-date=2018-05-05|language=en}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/congress/2014_hr/selva-rogers.pdf |title=Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Second Session, 113th Congress |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |access-date=24 January 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.suntimes.com/photos/galleries/11345589-417/new-triers-rogers-talks-about-us-fleet-cyber-command.html|title=New Trier’s Rogers talks about U.S. Fleet Cyber Command|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|accessdate=26 January 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2013/10/16/meet-the-man-who-could-be-next-in-line-to-control-the-nsas-spying-apparatus/|title=Meet the man who could be next in line to control the NSA’s spying apparatus|first=Andrea|last=Peterson|date=October 16, 2013 |accessdate=March 13, 2014}} 8. ^1 {{cite news|last=Sanger|first=David|title=N.S.A. Choice Is Navy Expert on Cyberwar|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/world/vice-admiral-to-be-named-nsa-director.html |accessdate=30 January 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=30 January 2014|author2=Shanker, Thom}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=434|title=U.S. Navy bio|publisher=U.S. Navy|accessdate=26 January 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|last=Guimont|first=Nathan L.|title=10th Fleet Commander Visits Navy Linguists|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=65168|accessdate=3 August 2014|newspaper=Navy.mil|date=2 June 2012|publisher=U.S. Navy}} 11. ^{{cite news|last=Nakashima|first=Ellen|title=Obama signs off on nomination of Rogers as NSA director|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-signs-off-on-nomination-of-rogers-as-nsa-director/2014/01/25/bc54378c-85f7-11e3-801f-e3ff2ca3fab6_story.html|access-date=30 January 2014|newspaper=Washington Post|date=25 January 2014}} 12. ^{{cite news|last=Sanger|first=David|title=Vice Admiral to Be Named N.S.A. Director|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/world/vice-admiral-to-be-named-nsa-director.html?src=twr|accessdate=30 January 2014|newspaper=New York Times|date=30 January 2014}} 13. ^{{cite news|last=Hattem|first=Julian|title=Obama to name new NSA director|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/hillicon-valley/technology/197024-report-obama-decided-on-new-nsa-chief|access-date=30 January 2014|newspaper=The Hill|date=30 January 2014}} 14. ^{{cite news|last=Ackerman|first=Spencer|title=Vice-admiral Michael Rogers to take command of embattled NSA|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/30/nsa-michael-rogers-to-comman-keith-alexander|access-date=31 January 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=30 January 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news|last=Ackerman|first=Spencer|title=NSA chief Michael Rogers: Edward Snowden 'probably not' a foreign spy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/03/nsa-chief-michael-rogers-edward-snowden-probably-not-spy|access-date=16 December 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 June 2014}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/349261099/2016-Cert-FISC-Memo-Opin-Order-Apr-2017-4|title=2016 Cert FISC Memo Opin Order Apr 2017 (4)|website=Scribd|language=en|access-date=2018-12-09}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1=Shinkman|first1=Paul|title=NSA Head Rogers on His Recommended Firing: 'I'm Accountable for My Actions'|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-11-20/nsas-mike-rogers-on-his-recommended-firing-im-accountable-for-my-actions|accessdate=7 February 2018|publisher=US News|date=20 November 2016}} 18. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/pentagon-and-intelligence-community-chiefs-have-urged-obama-to-remove-the-head-of-the-nsa/2016/11/19/44de6ea6-adff-11e6-977a-1030f822fc35_story.html|title=Pentagon and intelligence community chiefs have urged Obama to remove the head of the NSA|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-11-19}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://amp.nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/01/nsa-chief-mike-rogerss-classified-retirement-memo-leaks.html|title=NSA Chief Mike Rogers’s Classified Retirement Memo Leaks|website=nymag|access-date=2018-02-17}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/amp/story/2018/01/05/nsa-mike-rogers-to-retire-267634|title=NSA's Rogers to retire this spring|website=politico|access-date=2018-02-17}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2018/02/01/nsa-chief-adm-mike-rogers-expected-retire-spring-search-ongoing-replacement|title=NSA Chief Adm. Mike Rogers Expected to Retire this Spring; Leaves Complicated Legacy|website=usni|access-date=2018-02-17}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=ORDER OF AUSTRALIA|url=https://www.gg.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/honours/aaagazattes/Special/Honorary%20Appointment%20within%20the%20Military%20Division%20of%20the%20Order%20of%20Australia%2026%20June.pdf|publisher=Governor General of Australia|accessdate=12 November 2018}} External links
|-{{s-mil}}{{s-bef|before=Bernard J. McCullough, III}}{{s-ttl|title=Commander of United States Tenth Fleet/Fleet Cyber Command|years=2011–2014}}{{s-aft|after=Jan E. Tighe}} |-{{s-bef|before=Keith Alexander}}{{s-ttl|title=Commander of the United States Cyber Command|years=2014–2018}}{{s-aft|after=Paul M. Nakasone}}{{s-end}}{{DIRNSA}}{{CyberComHeads}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rogers, Michael S.}} 10 : 1959 births|Auburn University alumni|Living people|New Trier High School alumni|People from Chicago|Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)|United States Navy admirals|Texas A&M MSC Student Conference on National Affairs Former Speakers|Directors of the National Security Agency |
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