“Sluice”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A sluice (from the Dutch "sluis") is a water channel controlled at its head by a gate. A mill race, leet, flume, penstock or lade is a sluice channelling water toward a water mill. The terms sluice, sluice gate, knife gate, and slide gate are used interchangeably in the water and wastewater control industry.

A sluice gate is traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of the waterway. Sluice gates commonly control water levels and flow rates in rivers and canals. They are also used in wastewater treatment plants and to recover minerals in mining operations, and in watermills.

Operation

"Sluice gate" refers to a movable gate allowing water to flow under it. When a sluice is lowered, water may spill over the top, in which case the gate operates as a weir. Usually, a mechanism drives the sluice up or down. This may be a simple, hand-operated, chain pulled/lowered, worm drive or rack-and-pinion drive, or it may be electrically or hydraulically powered.

Types of sluice gates

The design of a Fan gate is shown in the image on the left. The sluice has a separate chamber that can be filled with water and is separated on the high-water-level side of the sluice by a large door. When a tube connecting the separate chamber with the high-water-level side of the sluice is opened, the water level, and with that the water pressure in this chamber, will rise to the same level as that on the high-water-level side. The surface area of the door separating the chamber from the high-water-level side of the sluice is larger than that of the door closing the sluice. Since pressures are equal this results into a net force that opens up the sluice.

Logging sluices

In the mountains of the United States, sluices transported logs from steep hillsides to downslope sawmill ponds or yarding areas. Nineteenth-century logging was traditionally a winter activity for men who spent summers working on farms. Where there were freezing nights, water might be applied to logging sluices every night so a fresh coating of slippery ice would reduce friction of logs placed in the sluice the following morning.^[2]

Placer mining applications

Sluice boxes are often used in the recovery of black sands, gold, and other minerals from placer deposits during placer mining operations. They may be small-scale, as used in prospecting, or much larger, as in commercial operations, where the material is first screened using a trommel or screening plant. Typical sluices have transverse riffles over a carpet, which trap the heavy minerals, gemstones, and other valuable minerals. The result is a concentrate.

Types of material used for sluice gates

Regional names for sluice gates

Most of the inhabitants of Guyana refer to sluices as kokers.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}

Sinhala people in Sri Lanka who had an ancient civilization based on harvested rain water, refer to sluices as Horovuwa.^[6]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Blanken J. Jz.|title=Nieuw ontwerp tot het bouwen van minkostbare sluizen, welke alle de vereischten der bekende sluizen bezitten, en daarenboven de steeds ontbrekende, meer uitgebreide nuttigheden van dezelve vervullen kunnen|date=1808|language=nl}}; {{cite book|author=Goudriaan, Adrianus Franciscus|title=Verhandeling over het ontwerp van sluizen, volgens de uitgave van den heer inspecteur generaal bij den waterstaat van het Koningrijk Holland , J. Blanken Jansz., het eerste aan de Benschopper Sluis beproefd: opgesteld ter aanleiding tot eene naauwkeurige overweginge van hetzelve, in vergelijking met zijnen over dit onderwerp gedrukten brief, en het antwoord door eerstgenoemden daar op uitgegeven|date=1809|publisher=Van Esveldt-Holtrop|place=Amsterdam|language=nl}}
2. ^{{cite book| title=Two Feet Between the Rails (Volume 1 - The Early Years) |author=Jones, Robert C. |publisher=Sundance Books |year=1979 |ISBN=0-913582-17-4}}
3. ^{{cite web | title=FOCUS on Industrial Archaeology No. 68, June 2007 | work=Hampshire Industrial Archaeology Society website | url=http://www.hias.hampshire.org.uk/Focus68/focus68.htm | accessdate=2007-10-30 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071110121504/http://www.hias.hampshire.org.uk/Focus68/focus68.htm |archivedate = 2007-11-10}}
4. ^Dunning R. W. (2004). History of the County of Somerset: Volume 8: The Poldens and the Levels (Victoria County History). Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|1-904356-33-8}}.
5. ^{{cite web | title='Huntspill', A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 8: The Poldens and the Levels | work=British History Online | url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=15110#s20 | accessdate=2007-10-30}}
6. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.slageconr.net/slsnet/9thicsls/individual/abs164.pdf | format = PDF | page = 1 | title = The water regulation technology of ancient Sri Lankan reservoirs: The Bisokotuwa sluice | work = slageconr.net | accessdate =14 August 2012}}