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词条 Smith County, Kansas
释义

  1. History

     Early history  19th century 

  2. Geography

     Major highways  Adjacent counties 

  3. Demographics

  4. Government

     Presidential elections  Laws 

  5. Education

     Unified school districts 

  6. Communities

     Cities  Unincorporated communities  Townships 

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. Further reading

  10. External links

{{Distinguish|Smith Center, Kansas}}{{Infobox U.S. county
|county = Smith County
|state = Kansas
|type = County
|ex image = Home on the Range cabin from SE 2.JPG
|ex image cap = Home on the Range Cabin near Smith Center
|founded = 1872
|named for = J. Nelson Smith
|seat wl = Smith Center
|largest city wl = Smith Center
|area_total_sq_mi = 897
|area_land_sq_mi = 895
|area_water_sq_mi = 1.5
|area percentage = 0.2%
|census estimate yr = 2016
|pop = 3632
|density_sq_mi = 4.3
|district = 1st
|time zone = Central
|website = {{URL|http://www.SmithCoKS.com|SmithCoKS.com}}
}}

Smith County (standard abbreviation: SM) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,853.[1] Its county seat is Smith Center.[2] The county is named in memory of Maj. J. Nelson Smith, who was part of the 2nd Colorado Cavalry, killed in action at the Battle of Westport on October 21, 1864.

The geographic center of the contiguous United States is located within the county, near Lebanon.[3]

History

Early history

{{See also|History of Kansas}}

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1872, Smith County was established. The first homestead in Smith County was in 1871 and there were 3,800 inhabitants by 1875. The county grew to 15,000 people by 1889. Corn was the main crop at first but drought and grasshopper plagues severely hurt the crops. When hardy Winter wheat was introduced to Kansas by Russian settlers, it eventually became the predominant crop in Smith County. The population of the county has slowly declined since 1900 due in large part because of advanced farming techniques that require less human labor.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Dr. Brewster Higley wrote the song "Home on the Range" in 1871 in a cabin 8 miles north of Athol. It later became the Kansas State song.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|897|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|895|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|1.5|sqmi}} (0.2%) is water.[4] The county is divided into 25 townships, each of which is listed below in the subdivisions section of this article.

The geographic center of the 48 contiguous states is located within the county, near the city of Lebanon.[5] The geographic center of North America is located in neighboring Osborne County.

The Solomon River runs through the southern part of the county and provides a flat basin and water for irrigated crops.

Major highways

There are two major highways serving the county. The main east-west route is U.S. Highway 36, which travels through Athol, Kensington, and Smith Center. The main north-south route is U.S. Highway 281, which intersects US-36 in Smith Center. Kansas state highways K-8, K-9 and K-180 serve other areas of the county.

Adjacent counties

  • Webster County, Nebraska (northeast)
  • Jewell County (east)
  • Osborne County (south)
  • Rooks County (southwest)
  • Phillips County (west)
  • Franklin County, Nebraska (northwest)

Demographics

{{US Census population
|1870= 66
|1880= 13883
|1890= 15613
|1900= 16384
|1910= 15365
|1920= 14985
|1930= 13545
|1940= 10582
|1950= 8846
|1960= 7776
|1970= 6757
|1980= 5947
|1990= 5078
|2000= 4536
|2010= 3853
|estyear=2016
|estimate=3632
|estref=[6]
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1790-1960[8] 1900-1990[9]
1990-2000[10] 2010-2016[1]
}}

As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 4,536 people, 1,953 households, and 1,322 families residing in the county. The population density was 5 people per square mile (2/km²). There were 2,326 housing units at an average density of 3 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.79% White, 0.11% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. 0.73% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,953 households out of which 25.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.60% were married couples living together, 4.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.30% were non-families. 30.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the county, the population was spread out with 21.70% under the age of 18, 4.70% from 18 to 24, 22.10% from 25 to 44, 23.60% from 45 to 64, and 27.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females there were 92.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,486, and the median income for a family was $36,951. Males had a median income of $25,089 versus $18,608 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,983. About 8.80% of families and 10.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.80% of those under age 18 and 9.50% of those age 65 or over.

The population distribution by township is as follows according to the 2000 census: Banner 54; Beaver 60; Blaine 60; Cedar 619; Center 2,094; Cora 38; Crystal Plains 40; Dor 46; Garfield 33; German 34; Harlan 100; Harvey 130; Houston 206; Lane 134; Lincoln 73; Logan 47; Martin 24; Oak 399; Pawnee 35; Pleasant 34; Swan 42; Valley 75; Washington 63; Webster 47; White Rock 49.

Government

Presidential elections

{{Hidden begin
|titlestyle = background:#ccccff;
|title = Presidential Elections Results
}}
Presidential Elections Results[12]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
81.3% 1,6614.1% 84
80.3% 1,6242.0% 41
77.8% 1,7192.0% 45
76.1% 1,8031.1% 27
70.2% 1,5345.3% 116
65.4% 1,6289.0% 224
43.3% 1,23629.0% 827
65.3% 1,9511.1% 33
75.7% 2,3322.1% 63
71.7% 2,4156.9% 234
58.5% 2,0092.7% 94
74.3% 2,6002.4% 83
67.5% 2,5587.7% 293
52.3% 2,0260.9% 36
71.9% 3,0130.5% 22
73.0% 3,1420.6% 26
77.8% 3,6231.1% 51
61.9% 2,7602.4% 106
69.9% 3,2820.7% 34
65.6% 3,6300.9% 50
53.5% 3,2920.3% 17
46.5% 2,8702.3% 144
74.3% 4,0210.9% 50
57.2% 3,22613.8% 777
66.1% 3,2512.7% 132
41.1% 2,6054.8% 306
25.8% 97033.3% 1,250
51.7% 1,8433.7% 132
66.0% 2,25416.5% 564
46.5% 1,7701.6% 61
40.2% 1,3851.1% 39
41.3% 1,38958.7% 1,972
51.7% 1,72625.0% 835
{{Hidden end}}

Smith County is overwhelmingly Republican. No Democratic Presidential candidate has won Smith County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Since 1940 the only Democrat to win forty percent of the county’s vote has been Lyndon Johnson during his 1964 landslide, and the last to pass thirty percent was Michael Dukakis during the drought-affected 1988 election

Laws

Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 1992, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30 percent food sales requirement.[13]

Education

Unified school districts

  • Thunder Ridge USD 110
    • Kensington, Athol and western third of county; school district also encompasses eastern third of Phillips County
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120901221745/http://www.redmenathletics.com/ Smith Center USD 237]
    • Smith Center, Lebanon, Gaylord and eastern two-thirds of county

Communities

Cities

  • Athol
  • Cedar
  • Gaylord
  • Kensington
  • Lebanon
  • Smith Center

Unincorporated communities

  • Bellaire
  • Claudell
  • Harlan

Townships

Smith County is divided into twenty-five townships. None of the cities within the county are considered governmentally independent, and all figures for the townships include those of the cities. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Sources: [https://web.archive.org/web/20020802223743/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/places2k.html 2000 U.S. Gazetteer] from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Township FIPS Population
center		 Population Population
density
/km² (/sq mi)		 Land area
km² (sq mi) 		Water area
km² (sq mi) 		Water % Geographic coordinates
Banner 04100 54 0.58 (1.50) 93.29 (36.02) 0 (0) 0% 39|42|3|N|98|47|13|W|}}
Beaver 05200 60 0.65 (1.67) 92.89 (35.86) 0.27 (0.10) 0.29% 39|56|50|N|98|46|34|W|}}
Blaine 07200 60 0.64 (1.67) 93.24 (36.00) 0.04 (0.01) 0.04% 39|47|20|N|98|40|48|W|}}
Cedar 11350 Kensington 619 6.68 (17.29) 92.71 (35.80) 0.08 (0.03) 0.09% 39|46|10|N|99|1|50|W|}}
Center 12175 Smith Center 2,094 22.48 (58.22) 93.15 (35.97) 0.04 (0.02) 0.05% 39|46|47|N|98|47|7|W|}}
Cora 15525 38 0.41 (1.06) 92.96 (35.89) 0.17 (0.06) 0.18% 39|52|45|N|98|40|7|W|}}
Crystal Plains 16575 40 0.43 (1.11) 93.00 (35.91) 0.05 (0.02) 0.05% 39|41|27|N|98|40|52|W|}}
Dor 18300 46 0.50 (1.29) 92.55 (35.73) 0.30 (0.11) 0.32% 39|37|33|N|99|0|4|W|}}
Garfield 25825 33 0.35 (0.92) 92.96 (35.89) 0.04 (0.02) 0.04% 39|35|48|N|98|40|21|W|}}
German 26150 34 0.37 (0.96) 91.78 (35.44) 0.27 (0.10) 0.29% 39|56|41|N|99|0|39|W|}}
Harlan 30100 100 1.07 (2.78) 93.03 (35.92) 0.05 (0.02) 0.05% 39|36|25|N|98|46|42|W|}}
Harvey 30550 Cedar 130 1.40 (3.63) 92.86 (35.85) 0.00 (0.00) 0% 39|41|10|N|98|55|32|W|}}
Houston 33225 Gaylord 206 2.22 (5.74) 92.94 (35.88) 0.14 (0.05) 0.15% 39|37|38|N|98|52|12|W|}}
Lane 38450 Athol 134 1.44 (3.73) 92.98 (35.90) 0.03 (0.01) 0.04% 39|46|49|N|98|53|30|W|}}
Lincoln 41200 73 0.79 (2.04) 92.80 (35.83) 0.15 (0.06) 0.16% 39|36|13|N|98|33|23|W|}}
Logan 42275 47 0.51 (1.32) 92.50 (35.72) 0.14 (0.05) 0.15% 39|57|5|N|98|34|4|W|}}
Martin 45000 24 0.26 (0.67) 92.49 (35.71) 0.25 (0.10) 0.27% 39|56|40|N|98|54|21|W|}}
Oak 51650 Lebanon 399 4.30 (11.13) 92.88 (35.86) 0.07 (0.03) 0.07% 39|48|10|N|98|33|29|W|}}
Pawnee 54825 35 0.38 (0.98) 92.13 (35.57) 0.41 (0.16) 0.44% 39|57|7|N|98|39|50|W|}}
Pleasant 56300 34 0.37 (0.95) 92.69 (35.79) 0.05 (0.02) 0.05% 39|51|28|N|98|54|28|W|}}
Swan 69625 42 0.46 (1.18) 92.00 (35.52) 0.23 (0.09) 0.25% 39|52|56|N|99|1|12|W|}}
Valley 73175 75 0.81 (2.09) 92.82 (35.84) 0.015 (0.006) 0.02% 39|41|28|N|98|59|59|W|}}
Washington 75775 63 0.68 (1.76) 92.87 (35.86) 0 (0) 0% 39|52|54|N|98|46|24|W|}}
Webster 76275 47 0.51 (1.31) 92.76 (35.82) 0.02 (0.01) 0.02% 39|42|27|N|98|34|8|W|}}
White Rock 78000 49 0.53 (1.37) 92.88 (35.86) 0.04 (0.02) 0.04% 39|52|37|N|98|33|5|W|}}

See also

{{Portal|Kansas}}{{See also Kansas counties}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20/20183.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 29, 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/popctr.pdf|title=Population and Geographic Centers|publisher=www.census.gov|accessdate=March 6, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
5. ^Geographic Center of the Lower 48 United States
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 29, 2014}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=July 29, 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ks190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 29, 2014}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 29, 2014}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
12. ^http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
13. ^{{Cite web| url=http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm| title=Map of Wet and Dry Counties| publisher=Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue| date=November 2006| accessdate=2007-12-26| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008013617/http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm| archivedate=2007-10-08| df=}}

Further reading

{{Kansas books}}
  • Standard Atlas of Smith County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1917.
  • Plat Book of Smith County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 48 pages; 1900.

External links

{{Commons category|Smith County, Kansas}}
County
  • {{Official website|http://www.SmithCoKS.com|Smith County - Official Website}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110505110323/http://www.lkm.org/directory/counties.php?ID=50 Smith County - Directory of Public Officials]
Other
  • Geographical Center of the Continental United States
Maps
  • Smith County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
  • Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
  • Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
{{Geographic location
|Center = Smith County, Kansas
|North =
|Northeast = Webster County, Nebraska
|East = Jewell County
|Southeast =
|South = Osborne County
|Southwest = Rooks County
|West = Phillips County
|Northwest = Franklin County, Nebraska
}}{{Smith County, Kansas}}{{Kansas}}{{coord|39|50|N|98|45|W|type:adm2nd_region:US-KS|display=title}}

4 : Smith County, Kansas|Kansas counties|1872 establishments in Kansas|Populated places established in 1872
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