| 词条 | Million People March |
| 释义 |
| title = Million People March | partof = | image = | caption = Demonstrators in Luneta Park | date = August 22–26, 2013[1] | place = Key Philippine cities, mainly in Luneta Park in Manila. Some locations overseas. | coordinates = | causes = • Misuse of the Priority Development Assistance Fund in light of the Priority Development Assistance Fund scam • Political corruption | goals = • Abolition of all Pork Barrel Funds • Political transparency and accountability | methods = Demonstrations, protest marches, online activism, sit-ins, petitioning | status = Ended | result = | howmany1 = Philippines: 75,000-400,000+{{collapsible list | bullets = no | title = Cities | 75,000-400,000 in Manila[2][3] | 4,000 in Cebu City[4] | 3,000 in Davao City[5] | 3,000 in Zamboanga City[6] | 1,000 in Angeles City[7] | ~1,000 in Iloilo City[4] | ~1,000 in Vigan[4] | 800 in Puerto Princesa[4] | 700 in Baguio[8] | 700 in Iligan City[9] | 500 in Olongapo[4] | 300 in Legazpi[10] | 300 in Surigao City[4] | 100 in New York City[11] | 60 in Dagupan[4] | 20 in Santiago, Isabela[4] }} }}{{BenignoAquinoIIISegmentsUnderInfoBox}} The so-called Million People March at Luneta was the first of a series of protests in the Philippines calling for the total abolition of the Pork Barrel fund, triggered by public anger over the Priority Development Assistance Fund scam. Initial calls circulated through social media (mainly on Facebook and Twitter) to convene a protest on August 26, 2013 at Luneta Park in Manila as well as other cities nationwide and overseas. Some media commentators consider this as the first ever massive rally in the Philippines called and organised mostly through social media channels. Background{{Main|Priority Development Assistance Fund scam}}The so-called "Pork Barrel Scam" was first exposed in the Philippine Daily Inquirer on July 12, 2013,[12] with the six-part exposé of the Inquirer on the scam pointing to businesswoman Janet Lim-Napoles as the scam's mastermind after Benhur K. Luy, her second cousin and former personal assistant, was rescued by agents of the National Bureau of Investigation on March 22, 2013, four months after he was detained by Napoles at her unit at the Pacific Plaza Towers in Fort Bonifacio.[13] Initially centering on Napoles' involvement in the 2004 Fertilizer Fund scam. After Napoles turned to Malacanang for help regarding the supposed harassment by members of the NBI in April 2013, the whistleblowers and their lawyer presented affidavits stating that Napoles' company "had defrauded the government of billions of pesos in ghost projects involving the creation of at least 20 bogus nongovernment organizations."[14] The government investigation on Luy's testimony has since expanded to cover Napoles' involvement in a wider scam involving the misuse of PDAF funds from 2003 to 2013. 8 of the 82 questionable NGOs are linked to Napoles with the filing of complaints for 74 others currently pending. "As more and more records—even from recent years—are examined, it appears that the misuse of pork did not stop in 2009. And while the congressional pork barrel already puts at least 25 billion a year in the hands of lawmakers, the fact is there are hundreds of billions worth of special and regular funds disbursed and possibly misused year after year".[15] It is estimated that the Government of the Philippines was defrauded of some ₱10 billion from 2007-2009 (with the investigation requested to continue to cover the first few years under the Aquino administration)[12] with a sizeable amount reportedly having been diverted to Napoles, participating members of Congress and other Government officials. Aside from the PDAF and the fertilizer fund maintained by the Department of Agriculture, around ₱900 million in royalties earned from the Malampaya gas field were also lost to the scam.[16] The scam has provoked public outrage, with calls being made on the Internet for popular protests to demand the abolition of the Pork Barrel Fund,[17] and the order for Napoles' arrest sparking serious discussion online.[18] EventA Facebook event entitled "[https://www.facebook.com/events/406846762761075 MILLION PEOPLE MARCH TO LUNETA AUGUST 26: SA ARAW NG MGA BAYANI. PROTESTA ng BAYAN!!!]" was created by Arnold Pedrigal and Bernardo Bernardo [19][20] using the Power ng Pinoy Facebook page[21] to invite participants to the protests. It stemmed from Ito Rapadas' original Facebook status post of protesting the pork barrel fund mess with a Million People March. The Facebook status says "what we need is a MILLION PEOPLE MARCH by struggling Filipino taxpayers- a day of protest by the silent majority that would demand all politicians and govt. officials (whatever the political stripes, color they may carry) to stop pocketing our taxes borne out from our hard work by means of these pork barrel scams and other creative criminal acts".[22] Peachy Rallonza-Bretaña, a long-time advertising executive,[23] reposted it as a call to action with a date and a place to it- Luneta, August 26. As one of the coordinators, Ms. Rallonza-Bretaña said that there is no main group leading the protest and described it as "snowballing at great speed". On the eve of the protests, 18,000 people from various groups had already arrived in Luneta Park.[19] Unaffiliated people were asked to dress in white, but people were encouraged to go in the colours they wanted to, to reflect the protest's inclusive, non-partisan and decentralised nature. On the day of the protest itself, the hashtags used by the coordinating group #MillionPeopleMarch and #ScrapPork reportedly trended first in the Philippines to show widespread support for the cause and that a large number of people monitoring the event. DemandsThe Protesters on Aug 26 demanded the following:
An attempt by the executive department to dialogue with the protesters were made but was shunned as a stunt by the coordinators of the event. Major protests were staged on September 11, 13, 21 in Metro Manila, Cebu, Bohol, Iloilo, Albay and many other Provinces and Cities in the Philippines as well as in Los Angeles, California and are expected to continue in the foreseeable future until all these demands are reportedly met. LocationThe protests was mainly held at the Burnham Grounds of the Luneta Park in the City of Manila, the Philippine capital. Similar rallies were also held in other cities nationwide, including Bacolod, Baguio, Cebu City, Cagayan de Oro, Davao City, Dagupan, Digos, Dumaguete, Iligan City, Iloilo City, Kidapawan City, Legazpi, Naga City, Puerto Princesa, Tacloban, Tagbilaran City, Zamboanga City and in the province of Negros Occidental.[6][20][21][24] Overseas Filipinos worldwide conducted nominal protests, mostly indoors in their respective cities in the days leading to and on the same day as the Manila rally. Gatherings were held in Dammam and Riyadh in Saudi Arabia; Geneva; Bangkok; London; San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York in the United States; Hong Kong SAR; Canada; Taiwan; Vietnam; and the United Arab Emirates.[25][26]Hacking of government websitesThe Filipino hacktivist group PrivateX defaced at least thirty government websites early on August 26, hours before the main protests. These include the websites of the Philippine National Police and the Philippine Embassy in Rome, Italy. EvolutionAlmost a year after the anniversary of the gathering, different anti-pork groups around the country coordinated to launch a People's initiative against pork barrel with the ultimate aim of banning pork barrel funds from the national budget. The move was brought about by the refusal of the executive and legislative branches to remove pork in the national budget even after a Supreme Court decision favoring the anti-pork movement. The original event page is still actively used though a Facebook page has now been put up [https://www.facebook.com/ScrapPork Million People March to Scrap Pork Barrel] to provide updates on the issue and other corruption issues existing in government. References1. ^{{cite web|title=OFWs in Hong Kong start chain of protest vs 'pork barrel'|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/83789/ofws-in-hongkong-start-chain-of-protest-vs-pork-barrel|publisher=globalnation.inquirer.net|accessdate=26 August 2013|author=Julliane Love de Jesus, Ruel Perez|date=22 August 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=75,000 attended anti-pork protest, say Manila police|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/323671/news/nation/75-000-attended-anti-pork-protest-say-manila-police|publisher=gmanetwork.com|accessdate=28 August 2013|author=Andreo Calonzo|date=26 August 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=[In Photos] #MillionPeopleMarch: How anti-pork protesters displayed their message|url=http://www.thepoc.net/component/k2/in-photos-millionpeoplemarch-how-anti-pork-protesters-displayed-their-message|publisher=thepoc.net|accessdate=28 August 2013|author=Jose Carlos Maningat|date=27 August 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130827144757/http://www.thepoc.net/component/k2/in-photos-millionpeoplemarch-how-anti-pork-protesters-displayed-their-message|archivedate=August 27, 2013|df=mdy-all}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=Anti-pork barrel protest spreads to provinces, some cities abroad|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/323658/news/regions/anti-pork-barrel-protest-spreads-to-provinces-some-cities-abroad|publisher=gmanetwork.com|accessdate=28 August 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Pig joins Davao anti-pork marchers|url=http://davaotoday.com/main/2013/08/26/pig-joins-davao-anti-pork-marchers/|publisher=davaotoday.com|accessdate=28 August 2013|author=John Rizle L. Saliumba, Tyrone A. Velez|date=26 August 2013}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/474613/3000-march-against-pork-barrel-in-zamboanga-city |title=3,000 march against pork barrel in Zamboanga City | Inquirer News |publisher=newsinfo.inquirer.net |author = Julie S. Alipala|date=26 August 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/474603/angeles-city-protesters-want-pork-scam-perpetrators-jailed |title=Angeles City protesters want 'pork' scam perpetrators jailed | Inquirer News |publisher=newsinfo.inquirer.net |author = Tonette T. Orejas|date=26 August 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Baguio rallies vs pork barrel|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2013/08/26/baguio-rallies-vs-pork-barrel-299825|publisher=sunstar.com.ph|accessdate=28 August 2013|author=JM Agreda|date=26 August 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|title='Million People March' replicated in other cities|url=http://pcij.org/blog/2013/08/27/million-people-march-replicated-in-other-cities|publisher=PCIJ|author=Cong B. Corrales|date=27 August 2013|accessdate=27 August 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/474721/marchers-brave-the-rain-for-anti-pork-barrel-drive-in-albay |title=Marchers brave the rain for anti-pork barrel drive in Albay | Inquirer News |publisher=newsinfo.inquirer.net |author = Mar S. Arguelles|date=26 August 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=New York: A gathering storm over 'pork'|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/37289-us-new-york-anti-pork-barrel-protest|publisher=rappler.com|accessdate=28 August 2013|author=Rene Pastor|date=26 August 2013}} 12. ^1 {{cite news | author=Carvajal, Nancy C. | title=NBI probes P10-B scam | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/443297/nbi-probes-p10-b-scam | work=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=July 12, 2013 | accessdate=August 19, 2013 }} 13. ^{{cite news|author=Lawas, Hector |title=NBI pressing abduction quiz |url=http://www.journal.com.ph/index.php/news/national/47900-nbi-pressing-abduction-quiz |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130823064619/http://www.journal.com.ph/index.php/news/national/47900-nbi-pressing-abduction-quiz |dead-url=yes |archive-date=August 23, 2013 |work=People's Journal |publisher=Philippine Journalists, Inc. |date=April 5, 2013 |accessdate=August 19, 2013 }} 14. ^http://www.cmfr-phil.org/2013/07/26/pork-barrel-scam-a-billion-per-year-for-ten-years/ 15. ^Quote from http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/326366/publicaffairs/gma7specials/trace-the-anatomy-of-the-pdaf-scam-on-bantay-kaban-ng-bayan 16. ^{{cite news | author=Carvajal, Nancy C. | title=Malampaya fund lost P900M in JLN racket | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/445585/malampaya-fund-lost-p900m-in-jln-racket | work=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=July 16, 2013 | accessdate=August 19, 2013 }} 17. ^{{cite news | title=From Facebook to Luneta: Anti-pork protest spills into streets August 26 | url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/322566/news/nation/from-facebook-to-luneta-anti-pork-protest-spills-into-streets-august-26 | publisher=GMA News and Public Affairs | date=August 18, 2013 | accessdate=August 19, 2013 }} 18. ^{{cite news | author=Go, Dominic Gabriel | title=Napoles arrest story spikes on social media | url=http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/technology/136-viral/36504-napoles-arrest-spike-social-media | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=August 15, 2013 | accessdate=August 19, 2013 }} 19. ^1 {{cite web|author=Agence France-Presse |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/focus/08/25/13/facebook-protest-sparks-call-major-philippine-rally |title=Facebook protest sparks call for major Philippine rally |publisher=ABS-CBN News |date=22 August 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 20. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-08/26/c_132663188.htm |title=Protest rally staged in key Philippine cities against public fund misuse - Xinhua | English.news.cn |publisher=news.xinhuanet.com |date= |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2013/08/24/cotabato-groups-join-protests-vs-pork-299574 |title=North Cotabato groups join protests to abolish 'pork barrel' |publisher=sunstar.com.ph |author= Malu Cadeliña Manar|date=24 August 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 22. ^Quote from: https://www.facebook.com/ito.rapadas 23. ^"The agency's Johnson & Johnson, Mars and Visa business will e handled by Bretana, who describes herself as: "Creative director, wife, proud mother of three boys, animal welfare advocate, crazy cat lady, artist on extended leave, social network native and internet loudmouth, which catapulted me into the 'Million People March' limelight."" ({{cite news|url=http://www.adobomagazine.com/philippine-news/bbdo-snaps-publicis%E2%80%99s-peachy-bretana|title=BBDO snaps up Publicis' Peachy Bretana|work=adobo|publisher=Sanserif Inc.|date=October 3, 2014|accessdate=October 26, 2014}}) 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/37195-aug-26-anti-pork-barrel-protests-nationwide |title=Aug 26 anti-pork barrel protests spread nationwide |publisher=rappler.com |author= David Lozada|date=24 August 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/84055/from-switzerland-to-saudi-arabia-filipinos-protest-pork-barrel-too |title=From Switzerland to Saudi Arabia, Filipinos protest pork barrel, too | Inquirer Global Nation |publisher=globalnation.inquirer.net |date= |accessdate=26 August 2013}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/323299/pinoyabroad/news/ofws-to-continue-protests-against-pork-barrel-despite-pnoy-s-call-to-abolish-pdaf |title=OFWs to continue protests against pork barrel despite PNoy's call to abolish PDAF | Pinoy Abroad | GMA News Online |publisher=gmanetwork.com |author= Xianne Arcangel|date=23 August 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}} External links{{Commons category|Million People March}}{{Anti-government protests in the 21st century}} 8 : 2013 in the Philippines|2013 protests|Corruption in the Philippines|Internet-based activism|Politics of the Philippines|Protests in the Philippines|Protest marches|Presidency of Benigno Aquino III |
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