| 词条 | Milán Václavík |
| 释义 |
|name =Milán Václavík |image = Armádny generál Milán Václavík.jpg |imagesize = 200px |caption = |office = Minister of Defense |president = Gustáv Husák |primeminister= Lubomír Štrougal Ladislav Adamec |term_start = 11 January 1985 |term_end = 3 December 1989 |predecessor = Martin Dzúr |successor = Miroslav Vacek |birth_date = 28 March 1928 |birth_place = Predmier |death_date = {{death year and age|2007|1928}} |death_place = |party = Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |spouse = |alma_mater =Frunze Military Academy General Staff Academy |nationality = Slovak | allegiance = Czechoslovakia | branch = | serviceyears = | rank = Colonel General | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} Milán Václavík (28 March 1928 – 2007) was a Slovak-origin Czechoslovak military officer with the rank of colonel general. He served as defense minister from 1985 to 1989, being the last communist-era defense minister of Czechoslovakia. Early lifeVáclavík was born in Predmier, Zilina district in Slovakia, on 28 March 1928.[1][2] He held an engineering degree.[1] In the 1950s he was sent to the Soviet Union for military training and attended the Frunze Military Academy and the General Staff Academy.[1] CareerVáclavík worked as an engineer until 1949 when he joined the Czechoslovak People's Army.[1] In the 1970s he served as deputy commander of the western military district.[1] He was later promoted to the rank of colonel general.[3] He served as first deputy chief of the army General Staff from 1983 to 11 January 1985.[1][9] He was appointed defense minister on 11 January 1985, replacing Martin Dzúr in the post.[4][5] Václavík served in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Lubomír Štrougal under the president of Gustáv Husák.[6] Václavík became a member of the central committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia soon after his appointment.[7] He retained his post in the cabinet formed by Prime Minister Ladislav Adamec in October 1988.[8] On 29 November 1989 Václavík was asked by the Federal Assembly to answer the question to whom the Czech army was subordinated.[3] In response Václavík stated that it was subordinated to those who supported socialism, leading to concerns among the Czech parliamentarians.[3] Upon this incident and due to the pressures on the Prime Minister Adamec to relieve him from the post he was removed from office.[3][9] Then Miroslav Vacek became the new defense minister on 3 December 1989.[10][11] Awards{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2018}}Czechoslovakia: February revolution order, Labor order, Red star order USSR: Lenin order Cuba order: Order for solidary Vietnam order: Hu Chimin order Later years and deathFollowing his removal from office Václavík lost all his credibility due to his support for the continuation of the communist regime in the country.[12] He was prosecuted in January 1996 together with other major former Communist Party figures. All of them were charged with the illegal arming of the militia.[13][14] In September 1996 Václavík was pardoned by the president Václav Havel because of poor health.[13][14] Václavík died in 2007.[10] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Milan Vaclavik|url=http://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Milan+Vaclavik/0/17639.html|work=Munzinger|accessdate=17 October 2013|language=German|date=16 September 1985}} {{Authority control}}{{CS-Defence-ministers}}{{Commons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaclavik, Milan}}2. ^{{cite news|title=New Czech defense chief|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19850112&id=1VhWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Cu8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4432,5472322|accessdate=17 October 2013|newspaper=The Spokesman Review|date=12 January 1985}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=Jeffrey Simon|title=NATO and the Czech and Slovak Republics: A Comparative Study in Civil-military Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BZpR5hHU_0C&pg=PA10|year=2004|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-2903-8|page=10}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|title=Czech Defense Chief Retires|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/12/world/czech-defense-chief-retires.html|accessdate=17 October 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=11 January 1985|agency=Reuters|location=Vienna}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Gen. Martin Dzur, 65; Czechs' Defense Chief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/17/world/gen-martin-dzur-65-czechs-defense-chief.html|accessdate=7 September 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 January 1985|agency=Reuters|location=Vienna}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Martin Dzur, Czechoslovak Military Chief|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1985-01-17/news/mn-7721_1_martin-dzur|accessdate=17 October 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=17 January 1985|location=Prague}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Czechoslovakia Government and Party Control|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/slovakia/national_security/czechoslovakia_national_security_government_and_party~788.html|work=The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook|accessdate=17 October 2013|date=August 1987}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Ministers in Czechoslovakia's Government With AM|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1988/Ministers-in-Czechoslovakia-s-Government-With-AM-Czechoslovakia-Bjt/id-b0d98b94e1d19a74d0b47f93b93da0ca|accessdate=17 October 2013|work=Associated Press|date=12 October 1988}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=East Central Europe after the Warsaw Pact: Security Dilemmas in the 1990s|year=1992|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=New York|page=117|url=https://www.questia.com/read/29025908/east-central-europe-after-the-warsaw-pact-security|author=Andrew A. Michta|author2=Vojtech Mastny|accessdate=17 October 2013}}{{Subscription required|via=Questia}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Czechoslovak ministries|url=http://www.rulers.org/czeslgov.html|work=Rulers|accessdate=17 October 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Relics of Cold War Defence Transformation in the Czech Republic|url=http://books.sipri.org/files/PP/SIPRIPP14.pdf|work=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|accessdate=17 October 2013|author=Miroslav Tuma|format=Policy Paper No. 14|date=September 2006}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Civil-military relations and national security thinking in Czechoslovakia|url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2007/R4195.pdf|work=RAND Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2013|author=Thomas S. Szayna|author2=Jamas B. Steinberg|format=Conference Report|year=1992}} 13. ^1 {{cite news|title=Havel pardons terminally ill communist boss|url=http://www.praguepost.com/archivescontent/24674-havel-pardons-terminally-ill-communist-boss.html|accessdate=17 October 2013|newspaper=The Prague Post|date=18 September 1996|author=Katerina Honskusova}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|title=U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 1996 - Czech Republic|url=http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce40,50ffbce472,3ae6aa2110,0,USDOS,,CZE.html|work=Refworld|accessdate=17 October 2013|date=30 January 1997}} 12 : 1928 births|2007 deaths|Communist Party of Czechoslovakia politicians|Czechoslovak expatriates in the Soviet Union|Czechoslovak military personnel|Frunze Military Academy alumni|General Staff Academy (Soviet Union) alumni, Czech Republic|Government ministers of Czechoslovakia|People of the Cold War|People from Žilina District|Slovak engineers|Slovak generals |
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