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词条 Minangkabau Highlands
释义

  1. References

{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2019}}{{Short description|Mountainous area of Sumatra, Indonesia}}{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}

The Minangkabau Highlands is a mountainous area in West Sumatra, around the three mountains (Mount Marapi, Mount Singgalang, and Mount Sago) in central Sumatra, Indonesia. It is home to the Minangkabau people who refer it as Alam Minangkabau, or "the world of Minangkabau".[1] This area formed a kingdom known from at least the 7th century as Malayu.[2]

It is probable that wet rice cultivation evolved in the highlands long before it appeared in other parts of Sumatra, and predates significant foreign contact.[3]

Inscriptions in the area have been found from the rule of Adityavarman (1347–1375).[4] The Dutch began exploiting the gold reserves in the highlands in the 1680s.[5] They dominated the trade in the area, severely restricting the trade outlets between the highlands and the ports on the coast between 1820 and 1899, bringing about a marked decrease in rice production.[6] The highlands consist of three major valleys: Tanah Datar Valley, Agam Valley, and Limapuluh Valley.[7]

The village of Belimbing in the highlands is well known for its examples of surviving Minangkabu architecture.[8]

References

1. ^{{cite book|last=Ooi|first=Keat Gin|title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA887|accessdate=7 August 2012|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-770-2|page=887}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Wink|first=André|title=Indo-Islamic Society, 14th- 15th Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&pg=PA47|accessdate=7 August 2012|date=1 January 2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13561-1|page=47}}
3. ^{{cite journal| title=From megaliths to tombstones: the transition from pre-history to early Islamic period in highland West Sumatra.| year=2004| journal=Indonesia and the Malay World| volume=32| issue=93| last=Miksic| first=John| doi=10.1080/1363981042000320134| pages=191}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Barnard|first=Timothy P.|title=Contesting Malayness: Malay Identity Across Boundaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB-cY6Nh6tUC&pg=PA66|accessdate=7 August 2012|year=2004|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-279-7|page=66}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Borschberg|first=Peter|title=Iberians in the Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions (16th to 18th Century)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggyl2FSzXvgC&pg=PA156|accessdate=7 August 2012|year=2004|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05107-1|page=156}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Schneider|first1=David Murray|last2=Gough|first2=Kathleen|title=Matrilineal Kinship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lfdvTbfilYAC&pg=PA476|accessdate=7 August 2012|year=1961|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02529-5|page=476}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Backshall|first=Stephen|title=Rough Guide to Indonesia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKoIooGXjPYC&pg=PA404|accessdate=8 August 2012|date=1 June 2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-991-5|pages=404–}}
8. ^{{Cite book|title=The Living House: An Anthropology of South-East Asian Architecture|last=Waterson|first=Roxanna|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1990|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
{{coord missing|West Sumatra}}{{WSumatra-geo-stub}}

4 : Geography of Sumatra|Geography of West Sumatra|Minangkabau|Highlands

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