| 词条 | Snipe |
| 释义 |
| name = Snipe | image = Gallinago stenura - Laem Pak Bia.jpg | image_alt = Long-legged bird with long bill wading in marsh | image_caption = Pin-tailed snipe (Gallinago stenura) | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Aves | ordo = Charadriiformes | familia = Scolopacidae | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =
}} A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are characterized by a very long, slender bill and crypsis, or camouflage, plumage. The Gallinago snipes have a nearly worldwide distribution, the Lymnocryptes snipe is restricted to Asia and Europe and the Coenocorypha snipes are found only in the outlying islands of New Zealand. The four species of painted snipe are not closely related to the typical snipes, and are placed in their own family, the Rostratulidae. BehaviourSnipes search for invertebrates in the mud with a "sewing-machine" action of their long bills. The sensitivity of the bill is caused by filaments belonging to the fifth pair of nerves, which run almost to the tip and open immediately under the soft cuticle in a series of cells. A similar adaptation is found in sandpipers. They give this portion of the surface of the premaxillaries a honeycomb-like appearance. Through these filaments the bird can sense its food in the mud without seeing it.[1] DietSnipes feed mainly on insect larva. Other invertebrate prey include snails, crustacea, and worms. The snipe's bill allows the very tip to remain closed while the snipe slurps up invertebrates.[2] HabitatSnipes can be found in various types of wet marshy settings including bogs and swamps, wet meadows, and along rivers and ponds. Snipes avoid settling in areas with dense vegetation, but rather seek marshy areas with patchy cover to hide from predators.[2] HuntingCamouflage may enable snipe to remain undetected by hunters in marshland. If the snipe flies, hunters have difficulty wing-shooting due to the bird's erratic flight pattern. The difficulties involved in hunting snipes gave rise to the term sniper, meaning a hunter highly skilled in marksmanship and camouflaging, which later evolved to mean a sharpshooter or someone who shoots from a concealed location.[3][4] "Going on a snipe hunt" is a phrase suggesting a fool's errand, or an impossible task.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} As an American rite of passage, it is often associated with summer camps and groups such as the Boy Scouts.[5] See also
Footnotes1. ^{{EB1911|wstitle=Snipe|last=Newton|first=Alfred|authorlink=Alfred Newton}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url =http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/wilsons_snipe/lifehistory|title=Wilson's Snipe, Life History, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sniper |title=sniper (n.) |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=7 January 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book | last = Palmatier | first = Robert Allen | title = Speaking of Animals: A Dictionary of Animal Metaphors | date = 1995 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing | location = Westport, Connecticut | page = 357 | isbn = 0313294909 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kSr4fO2zYrIC&pg=PA357}} 5. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Fee|editor1-first=Christopher R.|editor2-last=Webb|editor2-first=Jeffrey B.|title=American myths, legends, and tall tales : an encyclopedia of American folklore|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=9781610695671|page=514|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXnEDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA514}} External links{{wiktionary|snipe}}{{Wikisource1911Enc|Snipe}}
4 : Scolopacidae|Game birds|Snipes|Bird common names |
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