“Snipe hunt”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Snipe hunt

释义

In North America
Variations
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

A snipe hunt is a type of practical joke or fool's errand, in existence in North America as early as the 1840s, in which an unsuspecting newcomer is duped into trying to catch a non-existent animal called a snipe. While snipe are actual birds, a snipe hunt is a quest for an imaginary creature whose description varies.

The target of the prank is led to an outdoor spot and given instructions for catching the snipe; these often include waiting in the dark and holding an empty bag or making noises to attract the creature. The others involved in the prank then leave the newcomer alone in the woods to discover the joke. As an American rite of passage, snipe hunting is often associated with summer camps and groups such as the Boy Scouts.

In North America

Although the snipe is a real bird, the snipe hunt is a practical joke, often associated with summer camps and other types of outdoor camping, in which the victim is tricked into engaging in a hunt for an imaginary creature.{{refn|For snipe as a real bird, see {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016|p=514}}; {{harvtxt|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}}; {{harvtxt|Palmatier|1995|p=357}}.

As an imaginary creature, see {{harvtxt|Brunvand|1996|p=233}}; {{harvtxt|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}}.

For snipe hunt as summer camp prank, see {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016|p=514}}; {{harvtxt|Paris|2008|p=104–5}}.

As camp prank more generally, see {{harvtxt|Brunvand|1996|p=233}}; {{harvtxt|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}}; {{harvtxt|Watts|2006|p=206}}.}}

Snipe hunters are typically led to an outdoor spot at night and given a bag or pillowcase along with instructions that can include either waiting quietly or making odd noises to attract the creatures. The other group members leave, promising to chase the snipe toward the newcomer; instead, they return home or to camp, leaving the victim of the prank alone in the dark to discover that they have been duped and left "holding the bag".{{refn|For method of the prank, see {{harvtxt|Brunvand|1996|pp=233, 1233}}; {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016|p=514}}; {{harvtxt|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}}; {{harvtxt|O'Neil|2014}}; {{harvtxt|Palmatier|1995|p=357}}; {{harvtxt|Watts|2006|p=206}}.

For implements used, see {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016|p=514}}; {{harvtxt|Palmatier|1995|p=357}}.

For "holding the bag", see {{harvtxt|Bronner|2012|p=260}}; {{harvtxt|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}}; {{harvtxt|Palmatier|1995|p=357}}.}}

The snipe hunt is a kind of fool's errand or wild-goose chase, meaning a fruitless errand or expedition, attested as early as the 1840s in the United States.{{refn|As a fool's errand, see {{harvtxt|Marsh|2015|pp=8, 45–48}}; {{harvtxt|Watts|2006|p=206}}.

As a wild-goose chase, see {{harvtxt|Paris|2008|pp=104–5}}.

For earliest date, see {{harvtxt|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}}.}}{{Refn|The snipe hunt is classified as a variation of Thompson motif J2349, Fool's Errand {{harv|Bronner|2012|p=260}}.}} It was the most common hazing ritual for boys in American summer camps during the early 20th century, and is a rite of passage{{refn|{{harvtxt|Bronner|2008|p=72}}; {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016|p=514}}}} often associated with groups such as the Boy Scouts. In camp life and children's folklore, the snipe hunt provides an opportunity to make fun of newcomers while also accepting them into the group.{{Refn|For role in hazing and group unity, see {{harvtxt|Bronner|2012|p=260}}; {{harvtxt|Paris|2008|pp=104–5}}; {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016|p=514}}.

For association with the Boy Scouts, see {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016|p=514}}.}}{{Refn|According to {{harvtxt|Fee|Webb|2016}}, "Similar fool's errands or wild-goose chases of this kind might include being sent to find a 'smoke-bender' for the campfire or a 'sky-hook' to move a heavy object" (p. 514).}}

Setting the stage for the prank is often done with imaginative descriptions of the snipe, similar to tall tales. For instance, the snipe is said to resemble a cross between a jackrabbit and a squirrel; a squirrel-like bird with one red and one green eye; a small, black, furry bird-like animal that only comes out during a full moon, and so on.{{sfnp|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}} According to American Folklore: An Encyclopedia:

{{quote|While the snipe hunt is known in virtually every part of the United States, the description of the prey varies: it may be described as a type of bird, a snake, or a small furry animal. In one version, the snipe is a type of deer with a distinctive call; the dupe is left kneeling and imitating the snipe call while holding the bag to catch it.{{sfnp|Brunvand|1996|p=1233}}}}

In another variation, a bag supposedly containing a captured snipe is theatrically brought to the campsite after a group hunt; the snipe quickly "escapes" unseen when the bag is opened.{{sfnp|O'Neil|2014}}

Variations

A similar practical joke in France is known as "hunting the dahut".{{refn|See {{harvtxt|Glimm|1983|p=187}}: "Collected all over the United States, the snipe hunt story is an old European folktale (motif J2349.6). In France it is known as 'Hunting the Dahut'".

See also {{harvtxt|Chartois|Claudel|1945}}: "Translator's note: Dahut hunting is comparable to our American snipe hunting".}} While the description of the prey differs from the North American snipe hunt, the nature of the joke is the same.{{sfnp|Marsh|2015|pp=45–48}}

Notes

References

{{cite book |ref=harv |last=Bronner |first=Simon J. |title=Killing Tradition: Inside Hunting and Animal Rights Controversies |date=2008 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington |isbn=978-0-81-312528-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Killing_Tradition.html?id=hlybTwfOcB4C&q=%22snipe+hunt%22}}
{{cite book |ref=harv |last=Bronner |first=Simon J.|title=Campus traditions : folklore from the old-time college to the modern mega-university|date=2012|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson|isbn=978-1-61-703615-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HJkkykeN-nkC&pg=PA260&dq=snipe+hunt}}
{{cite book |ref=harv |editor1-last=Brunvand |editor1-first=Jan Harold|editor-link=Jan Harold Brunvand|title=American Folklore: An Encyclopedia|date=1996|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=New York, N.Y.|isbn=0-81-530751-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJuvqhxFXH8C&q=snipe+hunt|language=en}}
{{cite journal |ref=harv |last1=Chartois |first1=Jo |last2=Claudel |first2=Calvin |title=Hunting the Dahut: A French Folk Custom |journal=The Journal of American Folklore |date=1945 |volume=58 |issue=227 |pages=21–24 |doi=10.2307/535332 |jstor=535332}}
{{cite book |ref=harv |editor1-last=Fee |editor1-first=Christopher R. |editor2-last=Webb |editor2-first=Jeffrey B. |title=American myths, legends, and tall tales : an encyclopedia of American folklore: 3 Volumes |date=2016 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara |isbn=1-61-069567-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXnEDAAAQBAJ&q=%22snipe+hunt%22}}
{{cite book |ref=harv |last=Glimm |first=James Y. |title=Flatlanders and ridgerunners : folktales from the mountains of northern Pennsylvania |date=1983 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |isbn=0-82-295345-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCad_Af3nx4C&q=%22snipe+hunting%22}}
{{cite book |ref=harv |last=Marsh |first= Moira |title=Practically Joking |date=2015 |publisher=Utah State University Press |location=Logan, UT |isbn=0-87-421983-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3jgCwAAQBAJ&q=snipe+hunt}}
{{cite book |ref=harv |last=O'Neil |first=Gerard |chapter=The Squonk: A Small Tale From Franklin County |editor1-last=White |editor1-first=Thomas |title=Supernatural Lore of Pennsylvania: Ghosts, Monsters and Miracles |date=2014 |publisher=History Press |location=Charleston |isbn=1-62-619498-X |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qYmACQAAQBAJ&pg=PT90&dq=snipe+hunt}}
{{cite book |ref=harv | last = Palmatier | first = Robert Allen | title = Speaking of Animals: A Dictionary of Animal Metaphors | date = 1995 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing | location = Westport, Connecticut | isbn = 0-31-329490-9 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kSr4fO2zYrIC&pg=PA357}}
{{cite book |ref=harv | last = Paris | first = Leslie | year = 2008 | title = Children's Nature: The Rise of the American Summer Camp | publisher = New York University Press | isbn = 0-81-476750-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UFwTCgAAQBAJ&q=snipe+hunt}}
{{cite book |ref=harv |last=Watts |first = Linda S.|title=Encyclopedia of American folklore |date=2006 |publisher=Facts On File |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=0-81-605699-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dce6_CA76MC&pg=PA206&dq=snipe+hunt |language=en}}

External links

"Snipe Hunting" – University of Southern California Digital Folklore Archives
[https://research.udmercy.edu/find/special_collections/digital/cfa/index.php?fl_id=15830 "Snipe Hunt"] – James T. Callow Folklore Archive
{{tvtropes|SnipeHunt}}
"The Snipe" from Henry H. Tryon's Fearsome Critters, 1939
"Snipe Hunting Is Real" – Griffin's Guide to Hunting and Fishing

{{DEFAULTSORT:Snipe Hunt}}Canulars dans la technique{{American tall tales}}

5 : Practical jokes|In-jokes|American folklore legendary creatures|Fearsome Critters|Scouting

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

In North America

Variations

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links