| 词条 | Mind and Life Institute |
| 释义 |
| name = Mind and Life Institute | logo = Mind and Life Institute new logo.png | logo_size = 200px | type = Non-profit | tax_id = | founded_date = {{start date and age|1991}} | founder = R. Adam Engle; Francisco J. Varela; His Holiness the Dalai Lama | location = 210 Ridge McIntire Road Suite 325, Charlottesville, VA 22903 | coordinates = = {{Coord|38.03179439999999|-78.48444569999998|format=dms}} | origins = Mind and Life Dialogues | key_people = Francisco J. Varela The 14th Dalai Lama President Susan Bauer-Wu | area_served = Worldwide | focus = Scientific understanding of the mind, Contemplative Sciences, Contemplative Practice, Neuroscience, Meditation, Phenomenology, Consciousness | method = Research Grants, Academic Conferences, Think Tanks | revenue = $4.4m (2013)[1] | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = | num_members = | owner = | non-profit_slogan = | former name = Mind and Life Dialogues | homepage = {{URL|www.mindandlife.org/}} | dissolved = | footnotes = }} The Mind & Life Institute is a US-registered, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization founded in 1991 to establish the field of contemplative sciences. Based in Charlottesville, Va., the institute provides a home for scholars and scientists from different disciplines around the world to incorporate contemplative practices into various fields of study. Mind & Life unifies and catalyzes this community by funding research projects and think tanks, and by convening academic conferences and dialogues with the Dalai Lama. Origins: dialogues and publicationsMind and Life Dialogues, forerunners of the Institute, were initiated by American entrepreneur R. Adam Engle in 1983.[2] He heard of Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama’s interest in modern science[3][4] and offered to arrange a dialogue for him with selected scientists.[5] The Dalai Lama accepted and authorised Engle to set one up.[6] In 1984 Chilean neuroscientist Francisco Varela heard about this.[7] Having participated in a conference on consciousness attended by the Dalai Lama in 1983,[8] and like Engle a Buddhist practitioner since 1974, he was interested in further exploration of the interface between science and Buddhism and contacted Engle, offering to assist.[9] Engle, Varela, and the Dalai Lama saw Buddhism and science as different methodologies with a similar aim: to investigate nature and reality, using knowledge gained to improve the quality of life and the planet.[10] They concurred that science uses technology and the scientific method as its means while Buddhism uses the human nervous system refined by meditation and rigorous mental and emotional training.[7][11] Until then, there had been no mechanism for scientists and Buddhist masters to meet and share their findings in dialogue. The concept pioneered a new interdisciplinary, cross-cultural engagement.[5][12]Engle organized the original Mind and Life Dialogue in October 1987 at the Dalai Lama’s residence in Dharamshala, India as a week-long event.[13] Six scientists including Varela, two interpreters and the Dalai Lama spent five hours daily, sharing views and discussing the sciences of the mind.[5] At the end, Engle asked the Dalai Lama if he wanted to do it again. The answer was "yes," and the series of dialogues was born.[14]The second dialogue was a two-day event in October 1989 in Newport Beach, California.[5] At the third dialogue, held in Dharamsala in 1990, it was decided that in order to organize and fund further dialogues and potential research programmes the Mind and Life Institute should be incorporated as a non-profit organization in the USA.[15][16][17] The institute was incorporated in 1991. Engle was elected Chair and CEO, a post he held for 22 years until his retirement in 2012 having guided its development into "a worldwide and influential organization bringing together the highest standards of modern science and contemplative practice." Engle was then succeeded by the physicist and author Arthur Zajonc.[18] By 1998 Mind & Life had hosted seven dialogues between numerous world renowned scientists, philosophers and the Dalai Lama on cognitive neuroscience and physics, and published six books relating the dialogues to the general public.[19] In 2005, Mind & Life held its second public dialogue in Washington DC, titled “The Science and Clinical Applications of Meditation,” co-sponsored by Johns Hopkins Medical University, and the Georgetown Medical Center.[20] By 2013 a total of 27 dialogues with the Dalai Lama had been hosted, eleven books had been published relating the first thirteen dialogues to the public (see publications) and DVDs or videos published on most of the others.[19][21] In 2016, under the new leadership of president Susan Bauer-Wu, PhD, the Mind and Life Institute relocated to Charlottesville, Virginia. Establishment of research agendaIn 1998, to increase Mind & Life's potential for societal benefits, Engle broadened its mission to include carrying out scientific research.[14] This idea was encouraged by the Dalai Lama, who, at the next dialogue in 2000, suggested scientific investigation under laboratory conditions to establish whether Buddhist contemplative practices could be of significant benefit to modern society, and if so to find a way of teaching the subject in a secular environment.[14] A research programme was launched accordingly as a result of Mind & Life's first public dialogue, held at MIT in 2003, entitled "Investigating the Mind."[9] [22] Participants included Nobel Laureate scientist Daniel Kahneman and Eric Lander, Director of the MIT Centre for Genomic Research.[21] This conference was attended by 1,200 people and marked the birth of contemplative neuroscience.[23][24][25]In 2004, Mind & Life launched its Summer Research Institute at the Garrison Institute in New York. This conference presented the first curriculum on contemplative neuroscience to graduate students, post doctorates and science faculty members.[26] In the same year, Mind & Life also started the Francisco J. Varela Research Awards,[27] which provided pilot study funding to qualified applicants on a competitive basis. These two programs have been held yearly since 2004.[28][29] In 2012 Mind & Life completed its strategy to establish the new field of Contemplative Sciences by initiating the International Symposium on Contemplative Studies (ISCS) in Denver Colorado, with 700 attendees from the field of Contemplative Science and Studies research.[30] In 2014, ISCS was held in Boston with 1,700 attendees from 28 countries.[31][32] In 2016 ISCS took place in San Diego, California, with 1,200 attendees from 34 countries. Publications relating to the dialogues
References1. ^{{cite journal|title=2013 Annual Report|journal=Mind and Life Spring 2014|pages=44|url=http://www.mindandlife.org/magazines/2014-spring-magazine/#p=44|accessdate=13 August 2015}} 2. ^Begley 2007, pp.19-22 3. ^{{cite web|author1=Tenzin Gyatso|title=Our Faith in Science|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/12/opinion/12dalai.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&|publisher=New York Times|date=November 12, 2005|quote=Science has always fascinated me}} 4. ^{{cite web|author1=Melissa Rice|title=Carl Sagan and the Dalai Lama found deep connections in 1991-92 meetings, says Sagan's widow|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2007/10/meeting-two-minds-carl-sagan-and-dalai-lama|publisher=Cormell University, Cornell Chronicle|date=October 3, 2007|quote=The Dalai Lama, who has had a lifelong interest in science}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author1=Sharon Begley|title=The Plastic Mind|date=2007|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-84529-674-2|pages=318–324|edition=Kindle|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fP6dBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT229 |chapter=Appendix}} 6. ^Begley 2007, pp.19-20 7. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Jeremy W. Hayward, Francisco J. Varela|title=Gentle Bridges: Conversations with the Dalai Lama on the Sciences of Mind|date=1992|publisher=Shambala Publications|location=USA|isbn=978-1-57062-893-1|page=x|chapter=Preface}} 8. ^Begley 2007, pp.18-19 9. ^1 Barinaga M. Buddhism and neuroscience. Studying the well-trained mind. Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):44-6. {{PMID|14526055}} 10. ^{{cite web|author1=Vincent Horn|title=The Evolution of the Mind and Life Dialogues|url=http://www.buddhistgeeks.com/2009/05/bg-122-the-evolution-of-the-mind-and-life-dialogues/|publisher=Buddhist Geeks|accessdate=9 May 2015|ref=BD 122|quote=And Buddhism ... is based on also understanding the nature of reality and then using that to provide a knowledge base for improving lives|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504061533/http://www.buddhistgeeks.com/2009/05/bg-122-the-evolution-of-the-mind-and-life-dialogues/|archivedate=4 May 2015|df=}} 11. ^{{cite web|author1=Curt Newton|title=Meditation and the Brain|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/402450/meditation-and-the-brain/|website=technologyreview.com|publisher=MIT Technology Review|date=February 1, 2004|quote=The Dalai Lama notes that both traditions encourage challenging dogma based on observation and analysis, and a willingness to revise views based on empirical evidence.}} 12. ^Watson 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=80JNDfdTA2MC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA169&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false p.169] 13. ^Hayward, Varela 1992, Preface 14. ^1 2 {{cite web|author1=Vincent Horn|title=The Evolution of the Mind and Life Dialogues|url=http://www.buddhistgeeks.com/2009/05/bg-122-the-evolution-of-the-mind-and-life-dialogues/|publisher=Buddhist Geeks|accessdate=9 May 2015|ref=BD 122|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504061533/http://www.buddhistgeeks.com/2009/05/bg-122-the-evolution-of-the-mind-and-life-dialogues/|archivedate=4 May 2015|df=}} 15. ^Begley 2007, p.258 16. ^{{cite web|title=Speakers and Panelists for Investigating the Mind 2005|url=http://www.investigatingthemind.org/speakers.html|publisher=The Mind and Life Institute|accessdate=9 May 2015|date=2003|quote=[Adam Engle] co-founded the Mind and Life dialogues in 1983, and formed the Mind and Life Institute in 1990|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220033300/http://investigatingthemind.org/speakers.html|archivedate=20 February 2015|df=}} 17. ^Watson 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=80JNDfdTA2MC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA169&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false p.170] 18. ^{{cite web|author1=Matthieu Ricard|title=Celebrating the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Mind and Life Institute|url=http://www.matthieuricard.org/en/blog/posts/celebrating-the-twenty-fifth-anniversary-of-the-mind-and-life-institute|website=Matthieu Ricard, Buddhist monk, photographer and author|accessdate=28 July 2015|date=January 18, 2013}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|title=A 25 Years History of Accomplishment|url=https://www.dropbox.com/sh/gns1ff0ziu9ikx3/AAAH3rqan1jP_RyksNVOYl0Da/MLI%2025%20years%20of%20Accomplishment.pdf?dl=0|publisher=Mind and Life Institute|accessdate=6 May 2015|format=PDF|date=2012}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.investigatingthemind.org/ |title=The Science and Clinical Applications of Meditation |date=2005 |website=Investigating the Mind |accessdate=3 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801130259/http://investigatingthemind.org/ |archivedate=1 August 2015 |df= }} 21. ^1 {{cite web|title=Dialogues with the Dalai Lama - Past Dialogues|url=https://www.mindandlife.org/dialogues-dalai-lama/|website=Mind and Life Institute|publisher=Mind and Life Institute|accessdate=13 August 2015|quote=[list of dialogues with location, subject, participants etc.]}} 22. ^{{cite web|author1=Curt Newton|title=Meditation and the Brain|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/402450/meditation-and-the-brain/|website=technologyreview.com|publisher=MIT Technology Review|date=February 1, 2004}} 23. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Harrington, Zajonc|title=The Dalai Lama at MIT|date=2003|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=USA|isbn=978-0674023192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1ZxmnsIEIQC&pg=PA3 |quote=Records of Conference "Investigating the Mind" at MIT}} 24. ^{{cite news|author1=Claudia Kalb|title=Dalai Lama: Moment For Meditation|url=http://www.newsweek.com/dalai-lama-moment-meditation-136251|accessdate=1 August 2015|publisher=Newsweek|date=September 21, 2003|quote=Adam Engle… hopes that the conference will be a catalyst to attract young scientists to the field and to launch rigorous new research.}} 25. ^{{cite news|author1=Denise Brehm|title=Dalai Lama enlists science in quest for 'a happy mind'|url=http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2003/dalai-lama-enlists-science-quest-happy-mind-1|accessdate=1 August 2015|publisher=MIT News|date=September 17, 2003}} 26. ^Begley, 2007 p.260 27. ^{{cite web|title=Mind and Life Summer Research Institute and Francisco J. Varela Awards|url=https://www.templeton.org/what-we-fund/grants/mind-and-life-summer-research-institute-and-francisco-j-varela-awards|website=John Templeton Foundation|accessdate=3 August 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912022810/https://www.templeton.org/what-we-fund/grants/mind-and-life-summer-research-institute-and-francisco-j-varela-awards|archivedate=12 September 2015|df=}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Past Summer Research Institutes|url=https://www.mindandlife.org/summer-research-institute/|publisher=Mind and Life Institute|accessdate=14 August 2015}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=Varela Award Recipients|url=https://www.mindandlife.org/varela-awards/varela-awards-recipients/|publisher=Mind and Life Institute|accessdate=14 August 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905180138/https://www.mindandlife.org/varela-awards/varela-awards-recipients/|archivedate=5 September 2015|df=}} 30. ^{{cite web|author1=Katy Killam|title=International Symposia for Contemplative Studies|url=http://positivepsychologynews.com/news/kasley-killiam/2012050722023|website=Positive Psychology News Daily|accessdate=4 August 2015|date=May 7, 2012}} 31. ^{{cite news|author1=James Kingland|title=Dalai Lama enlightens and enraptures contemplative scientists in Boston|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2014/nov/03/dalai-lama-scientists-boston-international-symposium-contemplative-studies|accessdate=13 August 2015|publisher=The Guardian|date=November 3, 2014|location=Boston MA}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Conferences of Interest|url=http://www.emory.edu/ECCS/education/conferences.html|website=Emory Collaborative for Contemplative Studies|publisher=Emory University|accessdate=4 August 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000232/http://www.emory.edu/ECCS/education/conferences.html|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=}} Bibliography
External links
12 : Buddhist organizations|Consciousness studies|Education in Boulder, Colorado|Research institutes in the United States|Non-profit organizations based in Colorado|Buddhism and science|Consciousness researchers and theorists|Mindfulness (Buddhism)|Mindfulness movement|Mind–body interventions|Research institutes established in 1990|1990 establishments in Colorado |
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