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词条 Snowtown, South Australia
释义

  1. History

     Bumbunga Province  Snowtown murders 

  2. Geography and climate

  3. Governance

  4. Media

  5. Economy

  6. Built environs

     Attractions  Transport  School 

  7. Notable residents

  8. See also

  9. Notes

  10. References

  11. External links

{{redirect|Snowtown|the neighborhood in Providence, Rhode Island|Snow Town|the 2011 film|Snowtown (film)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}{{Use Australian English|date=April 2013}}{{Infobox Australian place | type = town
| name = Snowtown
| state =sa
| image = Snowtown welcome sign.jpg
| caption = South-western entrance to Snowtown
| coordinates = {{coord|33|47|0|S|138|12|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position = top
| lga = Wakefield Regional Council
| postcode = 5520
| est = 1878
| pop = 467
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}}
| pop_footnotes = [1]
| pop2 = 405
| pop2_year = {{CensusAU|2006}}
| pop2_footnotes = [2]
| elevation = 103
| maxtemp = 23.3
| mintemp = 9.7
| rainfall = 407.4
| stategov = Narungga[3]
| fedgov = Grey
| dist1 = 145
| dir1 = north
| location1 = Adelaide
| near-n = Hope Gap, Burnsfield, Lake View
| near-ne = Brinkworth
| near-e = Condowie, Blyth
| near-se = Everard Central
| near-s = Lochiel, Bumbunga
| near-sw = Barunga Gap, Bute
| near-w = Wokurna
| near-nw = Mundoora, Port Broughton
}}

Snowtown is a town located in the Mid North of South Australia 145 km (90 miles) north of Adelaide and lies on the main road and rail routes between Adelaide and Perth — the Augusta Highway and Adelaide-Port Augusta railway line. The town's elevation is 103 metres (338 feet) and on average the town receives 389 mm of rainfall per annum.

History

The settlement of Snowtown by non-indigenous Australians initially grew up around a railway station on the Brinkworth-Wallaroo line. Located on what was traditionally the land of the Kaurna (indigenous) people, the first pioneers arrived sometime between 1867 and 1869 due to the rapid expansion of farming to the north of the area. During this period one of the first major structures, the old Snowtown Pub was built in 1868.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Bailliere's South Australian gazetteer and road guide, published in 1866, contains a brief description of "Hummock's Run" located {{Convert|28|mi|km}} north of Port Wakefield. This farmland, according to the publication, contained the farming stations of Barunga, Bumbunga and Wokurna and consisted of "salt lakes and lagoons, dense scrub, with mallee, pine and bushes, grassy plains and saltbush, well grassed spurs and hills, with oaks and wattle on the Broughton River."[4]

The Government only started showing interest in the settlement as late as 1869 when it planned to establish various new towns throughout the district and to divide the land into much smaller holdings. Snowtown's charter as a government town was proclaimed on 19 December 1878 by Governor William Jervois.[5] Jervois named the town after one of the members of the Snow family who were his cousins and lived on Yorke Peninsula (which lies immediately west and southwest of Snowtown). It is officially considered that the town was named after Thomas Snow,[6] who became Jervois's aide de camp when he received his posting in South Australia. The town boundaries were defined as an approximate rectangle immediately adjacent to section 114 in the Hundred of Barunga north east of Barunga Creek, north west of Salt Lagoon and south of Boundary Creek.[7]

In 1888 the District Council of Snowtown was established by proclamation of the District Councils Act 1887,[8] along with 20 other new local government bodies in South Australia. The new council incorporated the entirety of the hundreds of Barunga and Boucaut.

Bumbunga Province

{{main|Province of Bumbunga}}

During the 1970s and 1980s, the secessionist micronation of Bumbunga Province existed on farmland owned by the Brackstone family, {{convert|15|km}} south of Snowtown.

Snowtown murders

{{main|Snowtown murders}}

In 1999, Snowtown became notorious as the location where the remains of eight bodies were found in barrels of acid stored in a disused bank vault. The Snowtown murders or Bodies in Barrels murders, as they came to be known, occurred in several locations in South Australia between August 1992 and May 1999. The bodies were held at a series of locations around Adelaide for some time, and were moved to Snowtown in early 1999, a few months before their discovery.

Only one victim was killed in Snowtown and none of the victims or the perpetrators were local to the town. Most of the murders had actually been committed in the outer northern suburbs of Adelaide, located on the outskirts of the South Australian capital.

Four people, including ringleader John Justin Bunting, were convicted of murder or assisting the murders. Snowtown, a film about the murders and the life of Bunting, was released in 2011.

Geography and climate

Snowtown is situated approximately 7 kilometres east of Barunga Gap, a cleft between the Barunga and Hummocks ranges. The excess rainfall from these hills collects in Lake Bumbunga, directly south of the township, and in a trail of smaller lakes stretching north of the town to Lake View near the main highway and railway line. Beyond the eastern edge of the township is the Snowtown Golf Course and a swampy region populated by saltbush and other salt-tolerant flora.

Snowtown has a warm Mediterranean climate with average summer temperatures around 30 °C and winter temperatures around 16 °C. The average annual rainfall is {{Convert|407.4|mm|in}}, most of which falls in the winter months.[9]

{{Weather box
|location = Snowtown
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 46.3
|Feb record high C = 44.6
|Mar record high C = 43.0
|Apr record high C = 39.6
|May record high C = 31.7
|Jun record high C = 26.7
|Jul record high C = 27.7
|Aug record high C = 30.3
|Sep record high C = 34.4
|Oct record high C = 40.0
|Nov record high C = 43.9
|Dec record high C = 45.0
|year record high C = 46.3
|Jan high C = 31.1
|Feb high C = 30.8
|Mar high C = 28.6
|Apr high C = 23.6
|May high C = 19.4
|Jun high C = 16.2
|Jul high C = 15.4
|Aug high C = 16.7
|Sep high C = 19.7
|Oct high C = 23.2
|Nov high C = 26.7
|Dec high C = 29.2
|year high C = 23.3
|Jan low C = 14.6
|Feb low C = 14.7
|Mar low C = 12.7
|Apr low C = 9.9
|May low C = 7.8
|Jun low C = 6.0
|Jul low C = 5.2
|Aug low C = 5.6
|Sep low C = 6.7
|Oct low C = 8.6
|Nov low C = 11.1
|Dec low C = 13.2
|year low C = 9.7
|Jan record low C = 3.8
|Feb record low C = 2.8
|Mar record low C = 0.0
|Apr record low C = -1.1
|May record low C = -2.0
|Jun record low C = -3.9
|Jul record low C = -4.4
|Aug record low C = -3.1
|Sep record low C = -2.2
|Oct record low C = -1.7
|Nov record low C = 0.6
|Dec record low C = 2.2
|year record low C = -4.4
|Jan rain mm = 18.6
|Feb rain mm = 19.0
|Mar rain mm = 17.3
|Apr rain mm = 29.8
|May rain mm = 44.4
|Jun rain mm = 52.4
|Jul rain mm = 49.7
|Aug rain mm = 50.2
|Sep rain mm = 43.2
|Oct rain mm = 37.6
|Nov rain mm = 24.8
|Dec rain mm = 20.4
|Jan rain days = 3.5
|Feb rain days = 3.4
|Mar rain days = 4.0
|Apr rain days = 7.0
|May rain days = 10.4
|Jun rain days = 12.5
|Jul rain days = 13.4
|Aug rain days = 13.5
|Sep rain days = 10.9
|Oct rain days = 9.2
|Nov rain days = 6.0
|Dec rain days = 4.7
|unit rain days = 0.2mm
|source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology[9]
}}

Governance

The town administration now falls under the control of the Wakefield Regional Council for local governance. This body came into effect on 1 July 1997 as a result of the amalgamation of the former councils of Blyth-Snowtown and Wakefield Plains.

Snowtown lies in the state electoral district of Narungga and in the federal electoral division of Grey.

Media

Snowtown was home to a weekly newspaper called the Broughton Star (5 March 1909 – 5 July 1912) which was founded by James Barclay.[10] The newspaper was "continued" by Barclay, although it was in fact absorbed by another of his publications, the Stanley Herald (a reference to the electorate of Stanley), which he had also started in March 1909. The merged newspaper ran until 26 June 1941, at which point publication stopped due to wartime restrictions. Publication of the Herald resumed on 11 December 1947 for a little over a year at which point post-war labour shortages halted production on 16 December 1948.

Economy

Located in what is described as a wheat-belt, the local Snowtown economy is predominantly based on cereal crops. Other primary industries include woolgrowing, livestock production and salt mining (at the nearby Lake Bumbunga saltworks).[11] {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

Snowtown is a service centre for the local area, providing various essential services for the district {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} as well as for motorists on the Augusta Highway, the section of Highway 1 past the town. Snowtown is known all over South Australia for its fresh curries at the service station.[12] Snowtown has therefore become a South Australian tradition for a stop on the road from Adelaide to Port Augusta where visitors will have a curry at the roadhouse which is now seen as one of Snowtown's main tourist attractions.[13]

In 2008, TrustPower completed the first stage of the 47-turbine Snowtown Wind Farm in the Barunga and Hummocks ranges just west of Snowtown. The wind turbines are 110 metres from the ground to tip of the top wing.[14]

Built environs

The town's main street, Fourth Street contains most of the town's civic buildings, notably the Snowtown Memorial Hall (built 1919) which is attached to the Old Institute (built 1889). {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Nearby is the town's tribute to the original pioneers telling visitors that the town's population is 520. {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

In 2008, a monument in the form of a 44-metre wind turbine blade was installed at the intersection of Fourth Street and Railway Terrace East.[15]

Attractions

Snowtown's main attraction is as the 'curry stop' on highway one due to being renowned as a 'South Australian institution' and tourist drawcard for its Indian Cuisine at the 100 Mile Roadhouse.[16]

Transport

{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2016}}

The main north-south road running just outside the western edge of the town was designated to form part of Australia's Highway 1 in 1955.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}} The section passing Snowtown (from Port Wakefield to Port Augusta) was named Augusta Highway in 2011.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}}

The Brinkworth–Kadina railway line opened in 1879.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}} It connected Snowtown via Bute to the port of Wallaroo, initially built as narrow gauge. This line was converted to broad gauge in 1927, but closed following the gauge standardisation of the Adelaide-Crystal Brook line in 1982.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}}

The Salisbury-Redhill broad railway gauge line was opened in 1925 and intersected the town along a north-south axis. In 1982 the line was converted to standard gauge, making it a part of the Adelaide-Port Augusta railway line.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}}

School

In 1879 Mrs Lamb opened a Provisional School in Snowtown with a total enrolment of 14 pupils.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} During its lifetime agricultural science has been a particular focus for the school.[17][19]

In 1961 the school became an area school known as Snowtown Area School and was located on {{convert|4.5|ha}} of land, with an additional {{convert|10|ha}} of land used for agricultural studies.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

In the 1970s and 1980s, the school's respected agricultural credentials drew students from neighbouring communities.[19] The school provided many entries into Royal Adelaide Show livestock and horticulture competitions, especially the sheep and beef cattle categories. In the early 1980s the school became a poll dorset sheep stud called 'SASdor' for several years.[19]

Pupil enrolments at Snowtown Area School in 2006 totalled 118, with many pupils also travelling from nearby Lochiel, Barunga Gap and Redhill.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} {{As of|2006}} pupils were also able to study via distance education through the Open Access College at Marden (Adelaide) or via larger neighbouring schools to increase their range of subject choices.

By 2012, the fall in enrolments, and consequent drop in funding, led to the ceasing of senior enrolments at the commencement of the 2013 school year. The school was subsequently renamed to Snowtown Primary School.[18]

In 2015, pupil enrolments at Snowtown Primary School totalled 52.[19]

Notable residents

  • Australian cricketer Lauren Ebsary was born and schooled in Snowtown.[20]

See also

  • Stanley Football Association
  • List of cities and towns in South Australia

Notes

1. ^{{Census 2016 AUS |id=SSC41336 |name=Snowtown (State Suburb) |quick=on |accessdate=24 November 2017}}
2. ^{{Census 2006 AUS |id=UCL424200 |name=Snowtown (Urban Centre/Locality) |quick=on |accessdate=26 September 2011}}
3. ^{{cite map |url=http://edbc.sa.gov.au/redistributions/2016/2016-electoral-district-maps/narungga-map-2016-pdf/download.html |title=Narungga |publisher=Electoral District Boundaries Commission |date=2016 |accessdate=1 March 2018}}
4. ^Whitworth (1866) p. 283
5. ^Jones (1978)
6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb |work=Property Location Browser |title=Search for 'Snowtown, LOBC' |id=SA0062295 |accessdate=10 December 2015 |publisher=Government of South Australia |quote=Town surveyed in October 1878. T Snow was the private secretary to (1878) and cousin of Governor Jervois. Name also applied to a private subdivision. Boundaries created in January 2000 for long established name. Incorporates the Government Town of Snowtown.}}
7. ^{{Cite journal |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1878/59.pdf |work=South Australian Government Gazette |title=Proclamation by His Excellency Sir WILLIAM FRANCIS DRUMMOND JERYOIS |date=19 December 1878 |edition=59 |publisher=Government of South Australia |page=1758 |accessdate=21 June 2017 |quote=Crown lands hereinafter described shall, from the date hereof, be reserved and designated as the Town of Snowtown: Commencing at the south-east corner of section 114, Hundred of Barunga; thence south-south-westerly at an angle of 58° 10' with the south-eastern boundary of said section, for 3569 links; thence east-south-easterly at right angles, for 3550 links; thence north-north-easterly at right angles, for 4450 links; thence west-north-westerly at right angles, for 3973 links, to the eastern boundary of section aforesaid; thence southerly, along said boundary to the point of commencement, exclusive of reserve for railway purposes.}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://dspace.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/handle/2328/3465 |title=The District Councils Act 1887 No. 419 |publisher=Flinders University |accessdate=27 March 2015 |page=90 |quote=DISTRICT OF SNOWTOWN.-Comprising the Hundreds of Barunga and Boucaut.}}
9. ^1 {{BoM Aust stats |site_ref=cw_021046_All |site_name=Snowtown |date=30 June 2001 |accessdate=8 April 2013}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au/record=b1255250~S1|title=The Broughton star [newspaper]|date=1909|publisher=James Barclay|location=Snowtown, S.A}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Hough|first=Joanne|date=2008|title=Salt production in South Australia|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/93803/mj50_salt_production.pdf|journal=MESA Journal|volume=50|page=33|doi=|pmid=|access-date=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073548/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/93803/mj50_salt_production.pdf|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://alicianorton.com/2016/10/03/i-tried-the-curry-at-snowtown-servo-so-you-didnt-have-to/|title=I Tried The Curry at Snowtown Servo (So You Didn’t Have To)|date=2016-10-03|work=Alicia Norton|access-date=2018-04-01|language=en-US}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Snowtown-Roadhouse-1535718989981800/|title=Snowtown Roadhouse|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-01}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/03/28/2201937.htm |title=Wind farm ahead of schedule |date=2008-03-28 |accessdate=2008-05-14 |publisher=ABC News Online}}
15. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.earthmover.com.au/news/2008/december/big-blade-joins-the-big-pineapple-merino-etc |date=December 2008 |accessdate=14 June 2011 |work=EarthMover.com.au |title=Big Blade joins the big Pineapple, Merino etc }}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.weekendnotes.com/bp-snowtown-roadhouse/|title=BP Snowtown Roadhouse|access-date=2018-04-01}}
17. ^{{Cite news |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/65039917 |date=30 October 1923 |page=8 |work=The Register (Adelaide) |title=School Experiments: Success at Snowtown |accessdate=2 May 2016}}
18. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news |url=http://www.plainsproducer.com.au/2012/12/14/end-of-an-era-for-snowtown-area-school |first=Lisa |last=Redpath |date=14 December 2012 |title=End of an era for Snowtown Area School |accessdate=2 May 2016 |work=Plains Producer}}
19. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.snowtownps.sa.edu.au/docs/newsletters/newsletter_week_3_term_1_2015.pdf |date=11 February 2015 |work=Snowtown Primary News |publisher=Snowtown Primary School |title=Term 1 Week 3 |accessdate=2 May 2016 |quote=Snowtown Primary School has begun the year with 52 enrolments, the most enrolments we have had since 2012}}
20. ^{{Cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Players/12/12298/12298.html |title=Lauren Ebsary |date=2016 |accessdate=27 January 2016 |publisher=CricketArchive.com }}

References

  • {{Cite book |last=Jones |first=A. |year=1978 |title=Snowtown, the First Century, 1878–1978 |publisher=Snowtown Centenary Committee, Australia}}
  • {{Cite book |editor=Whitworth, Robert Percy |title=Bailliere's South Australian gazetteer and road guide: containing the most recent and accurate information as to every place in the Colony |publisher=F.F. Bailliere |year=1866}}

External links

  • Wakefield Regional Council
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20050621210037/http://www.wakefieldrc.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/snowtownmap1.pdf Town Map]
  • Local salt mining
  • Snowtown's weather – Government data
  • Satellite Picture of Snowtown{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070829142702/http://www.snowtownas.sa.edu.au/index.html Snowtown Area School]
{{Wakefield Regional Council localities |state=collapsed}}

3 : Towns in South Australia|1878 establishments in Australia|Mid North (South Australia)
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