“Ministry of Industry (Japan)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Ministry of Industry (Japan)

释义

History
References
Notes

The {{nihongo| Ministry of Public Works |工部省|Kōbushō}} was a cabinet-level ministry in the Daijō-kan system of government of the Meiji period Empire of Japan from 1870-1885. It is also sometimes referred to as the “Ministry of Engineering” or “Ministry of Industry”.^[1]

History

The Cabinet officially announced the establishment of the Public Works on December 12, 1870 by the advice of Edmund Morel, chief engineer of the Railway Construction to achieve rapid social and industrial development. After long arguments of 10 months, in September 28, 1871, the Meiji government completed arrangement of organization of 11 departments, which were mostly transferred from the Ministry of Civil Affairs. It included railroads, shipyards, lighthouses, mines, an iron and steel industry, telecommunication, civil works, manufacturing, industrial promotion, engineering institution and survey^[2]. Each department had to be relied on the foreign advisor and officer for a while^[3], but gradually replaced them with Japanese engineers, who received training in the Engineering Institution. Main function of the Engineering Institution was to manage the Imperial College of Engineering (the predecessor of the Tokyo Imperial University College of Engineering). One of the key roles of the ministry was locating, and if necessary, reverse engineering overseas technology. For example, in 1877, only a year after the invention of the telephone, engineers employed by the ministry had obtained examples and were attempting to create a domestic version.^[4] By the mid-1880s, many of the industries created by the Ministry of Industry were privatized. With the establishment of the cabinet system under the Meiji Constitution on December 22, 1885, the ministry was abolished, with its functions divided between the new Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the Ministry of Communications.

Minister and Vice Ministers^[5]
Name	Kanji	in office	out of office
Minister ({{lang\|ja\|工部卿, Kōbu-kyō)
Itō Hirobumi	ja\|伊藤博文}}	{{dts\|1873\|10\|25}}	{{dts\|1878\|5\|15}}
Inoue Kaoru	ja\|井上馨}}	{{dts\|1878\|7\|29}}	{{dts\|1879\|9\|10}}
Yamada Akiyoshi	ja\|山田顕義}}	{{dts\|1879\|9\|10\|}}	{{dts\|1880\|2\|28}}
Yamao Yōzō	ja\|山尾庸三}}	{{dts\|1880\|2\|28}}	{{dts\|1881\|10\|21}}
Sasaki Takayuki	ja\|佐々木高行}}	{{dts\|1881\|10\|21}}	{{dts\|1885\|12\|22}}
Vice-Minister ({{lang\|ja\|工部大輔, Kōbu-taifu)
Yamao Yōzō	ja\|山尾庸三}}	{{dts\|1872\|10\|27}}	{{dts\|1880\|2\|28}}
Yoshii Tomozane	ja\|吉井友実}}	{{dts\|1880\|6\|17}}	{{dts\|1882\|1\|10}}
Inoue Masaru	ja\|井上勝}}	{{dts\|1882\|7\|8}}	{{dts\|1885\|12\|22}}

References

{{cite book | last = Smith | first = Thomas Carlyle | coauthors = | year = 1955 | title = Political Change and Industrial Development in Japan| publisher = Stanford University Press | location = | isbn = 0-8047-0469-4 }}
{{cite book | last = Nelson | first = Richard R | coauthors = | year = 1993 | title = National Innovation Systems : A Comparative Analysis: A Comparative Analysis| publisher = Oxford University Press | location = | isbn = 0-19-536043-5 }}
{{cite book | last = Fukasaku | first = Yukiko | coauthors = | year = 2013 | title = Technology and Industrial Growth in Pre-War Japan:| publisher = Routledge | location = | isbn = 1-134-96401-3 }}
{{cite book | last = Morris-Suzuki | first = Teresa | coauthors = | year = 1994 | title = The Technological Transformation of Japan| publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = | isbn = 0-521-42492-5 }}

Notes

1. ^Morris-Suzuki. The Technological Transformation of Japan. page 73.
2. ^Hideo Izumida: Reconsideration of Foundation of Ministry of Public Works, Transaction of Japan Institution of Architecture, 2016.
3. ^Fukasaku. Technology and Industrial Growth in Pre-War Japan. Pages 18, 40
4. ^Nelson. National Innovation Systems. Page 95
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://homepage1.nifty.com/kitabatake/rekishi23.10.html|title=太政官時代}}

5 : Former government ministries of Japan|Politics of the Empire of Japan|1870 establishments in Japan|1880s disestablishments in Japan|1885 disestablishments in Asia

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