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词条 Mir (software)
释义

  1. Software architecture

  2. Adoption

      Ubuntu    Toolkits  

  3. Controversy

  4. See also

  5. References

{{About|the *NIX display server|the MMORPG|The Legend of Mir (disambiguation){{!}}The Legend of Mir}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}{{infobox software
| name = Mir
| logo =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| author = Canonical Ltd.
| developer = Canonical Ltd.
| released =
| discontinued =
| latest release version = 1.0.0
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2018|09|21|df=yes}}[1]
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date =
| programming language = C++
| operating system = Linux
| platform =
| size =
| repo = https://github.com/MirServer/mir
| status = Active development
| genre = Display server
| license = GPLv2 or GPLv3[2]
| website = {{URL|https://mir-server.io/}}
}}

Mir is a computer display server and, recently, a Wayland compositor for the Linux operating system that is under development by Canonical Ltd. It was planned to replace the currently used X Window System for Ubuntu,[3][4][5] however the plan changed and Mutter was adopted as part of GNOME Shell.

Mir was announced by Canonical on 4 March 2013[6] as part of the development of Unity 8, intended as the next generation for the Unity user interface.[3] Four years later Unity 8 was dropped[6] although Mir's development continued for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

Software architecture

Mir is built on EGL[7] and uses some of the infrastructure originally developed for Wayland[8] such as Mesa’s EGL implementation[7] and Jolla’s libhybris.[9][10] The compatibility layer for X, XMir, is based on XWayland.[11]

Other parts of the infrastructure used by Mir originate from Android. These parts include Android’s input stack[12] (formerly{{clarify|date=December 2016}}) and Google’s Protocol Buffers.[13] An implementation detail in memory management shared with Android is the use of server-allocated buffers which Canonical employee Christopher Halse Rogers claims to be a requirement for "the ARM world and Android graphics stack".[14][18]

According to Ryan Paul of Ars Technica,

{{quote|Some of the benefits that Mir will eventually offer include lower overhead in the display pipeline, more seamless transitions between display modes during the boot process, richer input handling that will make it easier to support things like touchscreen gestures, more seamless support for systems with switchable graphics hardware (like laptops that can dynamically shift between using embedded and discrete graphics), and better application interchange (which will help improve things like the clipboard and drag-and-drop).[15]}}{{As of|September 2017}} it has basic Wayland support.[16]

Adoption

{{As of|2014|05}}, the only announced desktop environment with native support for Mir was Canonical's Unity 8. No other Linux distribution announced plans to adopt Mir as default display server.

On {{date|2013-07-23|format=dmy}}, Compiz developer Sam Spilsbury had announced a proof-of-concept port of XBMC to Mir,[17] based on the previous proof-of-concept port of XBMC to Wayland.[18] On the same day Canonical developer Oliver Ries had confirmed that "this is the first native Mir client out in the wild".[19]

Among Ubuntu derivatives using a non-Unity environment, Xubuntu developers had announced in early August 2013 that they would evaluate running Xfce via XMir,[20] but three weeks later decided to refrain from adopting it.[21]

Ubuntu

In June 2013, Canonical's publicly announced milestones for Mir development were to ship Unity 7 with XMir by default and a pure X11 fallback mode with Ubuntu 13.10, remove the X11 fallback with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and Unity 8 running natively on Mir by Ubuntu 14.10.[22] Later, on {{dts|2013|10|1|format=dmy}}, Canonical announced a postponement of their Mir plans for desktop use and not use XMir as default in Ubuntu 13.10. Ubuntu Touch, however is targeted to ship with Mir and a smartphone version of Unity 8.[23][24]

In May 2016, during his traditional video interview with the community held during the Ubuntu Online Summit, Mark Shuttleworth confirmed that "You will be able to get 16.10 with Unity 8, just like you can get 16.04 with MATE,or KDE, or GNOME. It'll be there, it'll be an option, and the team that's working on that is committed to making that a first-class option."[25]

On 5 April 2017, Canonical announced that with the release of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, the Unity 8 interface would be abandoned in favor of GNOME. When asked if the decision would also mean the end of Mir development, Canonical's Michael Hall said that given the divergent development paths taken by Mir and its competitor, Wayland, "Using Mir simply isn't an option we have."[6]

However, Mark Shuttleworth clarified on 8 April 2017 that development would continue for Mir's use in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, stating: "we have lots of IoT projects using Mir as a compositor so that code continues to receive investment."[26]

Toolkits

  • SDL support for Mir and Wayland is available from SDL 2.0.2 but it was disabled by default.[27][28] Wayland and Mir support is enabled by default in SDL 2.0.4.[29]
  • GTK+ 3.16 includes an experimental Mir backend.[30]
  • Qt5 is the official and supported toolkit for Unity8 and Ubuntu Touch, included in the Ubuntu SDK.[31]

Controversy

In March 2013, Canonical Ltd. announced Mir as the replacement display server for the X.Org Server in Ubuntu.[32] Previously, in 2010, it had announced that it would use Wayland.[33] Canonical stated that it could not meet Ubuntu's needs with Wayland.[15] There were several posts made in objection or clarification, by people leading other similar or affected projects.[34][35][36][37]

When originally announcing Mir, Canonical made various claims about Wayland's input system, which the Wayland developers quickly rebutted.[38][39] Official Canonical documentation in 2014 states, "our evaluation of the protocol definition revealed that the Wayland protocol does not meet our requirements. First, we are aiming for a more extensible input event handling that takes future developments like 3D input devices (e.g. Leap Motion) into account ... With respect to mobile use-cases, we think that the handling of input methods should be reflected in the display server protocol, too. As another example, we consider the shell integration parts of the protocol as privileged and we'd rather avoid having any sort of shell behavior defined in the client facing protocol."[40] In late 2015 Mir switched from a custom Android-derived input stack to Wayland's libinput.[41][42]

Long-time Linux kernel developer Matthew Garrett criticized the choice of licensing for Canonical's software projects, particularly Mir. Unlike X.Org Server and Wayland, both under the MIT License, Mir is licensed under GPLv3 – "an odd [choice]" for "GPLv3-hostile markets" – but contributors are required to sign an agreement that "grants Canonical the right to relicense your contribution under their choice of license. This means that, despite not being the sole copyright holder, Canonical are free to relicense your code under a proprietary license." He concludes that this creates asymmetry where "you end up with a situation that looks awfully like Canonical wanting to squash competition by making it impossible for anyone else to sell modified versions of Canonical's software in the same market."[43][44][45][46] Garrett's concerns were echoed by Bradley M. Kuhn,[47][48] Executive Director of the Software Freedom Conservancy.[49]

Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation has stated on the similar case of MySQL that he supports dual-licensing of GPL software, as long as there are no proprietary extensions or proprietary versions of the free program,[50] which was not the case for MySQL.

In June 2013, Jonathan Riddell of Kubuntu announced that Kubuntu did not plan to switch to Mir. He stated "A few months ago Canonical announced their new graphics system for Ubuntu, Mir. It's a shame the Linux desktop market hasn't taken off as we all hoped at the turn of the millennium and they feel the need to follow a more Apple or Android style of approach making an OS which works in isolation rather than as part of a community development method. Here at Kubuntu we still want to work as part of the community development, taking the fine software from KDE and other upstream projects and putting it on computers worldwide. So when Ubuntu desktop gets switched to Mir we won't be following. We'll be staying with X on the images for our 13.10 release now in development and the 14.04 LTS release next year. After that we hope to switch to Wayland which is what KDE and every other Linux distro hopes to do."[51][52][53]

In September 2013, an Intel developer removed XMir support from their video driver and wrote "We do not condone or support Canonical in the course of action they have chosen, and will not carry XMir patches upstream."[54][55][56]

See also

  • Quartz
  • Wayland
  • X Window System

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/MirServer/mir/releases/tag/v1.0.0|title=Github Release Page}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Mir-GPLv2-or-GPLv3|title=Mir Relicensed To GPLv2 Or GPLv3|last=Larabel|first=Michael|date=9 August 2017|work=Phoronix|accessdate=21 November 2017}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MirSpec |title = MirSpec |publisher = wiki.ubuntu.com |date = |accessdate = 6 March 2013 }}
4. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Canonical-reveals-plans-to-launch-Mir-display-server-Update-1815982.html |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130306011841/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Canonical-reveals-plans-to-launch-Mir-display-server-Update-1815982.html |archivedate = 6 March 2013 |title = Canonical reveals plans to launch Mir display server – Update |publisher = H-online.com |date = 24 February 2013 |accessdate = 6 March 2013 }}
5. ^{{cite web |last = Brodkin |first = Jon |url = https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/03/ubuntu-dumps-x-window-system-creates-replacement-for-pc-and-mobile/ |title = Ubuntu dumps X window system, creates replacement for PC and mobile |publisher = Ars Technica |date = 17 May 2012 |accessdate = 6 March 2013 }}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/04/ubuntu-unity-is-dead-desktop-will-switch-back-to-gnome-next-year/|title=Ubuntu Unity is dead: Desktop will switch back to GNOME next year|work=arstechnica.com|accessdate=5 April 2017}}
7. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://geek.co.il/2013/03/12/canonical-announced-a-new-display-server-mir-and-it-is-good-for-the-consumer |title = Canonical announced a new display server – Mir, and it is good for the consumer |publisher = Geek.co.il |date = 12 March 2013 |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
8. ^{{cite web |url = http://blog.cooperteam.net/2013/03/mir-and-you.html |title = Tomorrow Comes Today: Mir and YOU! |author = Christopher Halse Rogers |date = |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
9. ^{{cite web |author = Carsten Munk |url = http://mer-project.blogspot.com/2013/04/wayland-utilizing-android-gpu-drivers.html |title = Wayland utilizing Android GPU drivers on glibc based systems, Part 1 |publisher = Mer Project |date = 11 April 2013 |accessdate = 3 July 2013 }}
10. ^{{cite web |url = https://launchpad.net/libhybris |title = libhybris in Launchpad |publisher = Launchpad.net |date = 5 February 2013 |accessdate = 3 July 2013 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url = https://samohtv.wordpress.com/2013/03/04/mir-an-outpost-envisioned-as-a-new-home/ |title = Mir – An outpost envisioned as a new home |author = Thomas Voss |date = 4 March 2013 |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
12. ^{{cite web |url = http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~mir-team/mir/trunk/view/head:/3rd_party/android-input/README |title = android-input README |publisher = Launchpad.net }}
13. ^{{cite web |url = http://blog.cooperteam.net/2013/03/artistic-differences.html |title = Tomorrow Comes Today: Artistic differences |author = Christopher Halse Rogers |date = |accessdate = 23 August 2013 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131106130919/http://blog.cooperteam.net/2013/03/artistic-differences.html |archivedate = 6 November 2013 |df = dmy-all }}
14. ^{{cite web |url = http://blog.cooperteam.net/2013/03/server-allocated-buffers-in-mir.html |title = Tomorrow Comes Today: Server Allocated Buffers in Mir |author = Christopher Halse Rogers |date = |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
15. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/10/ubuntu-13-10-review-the-linux-os-of-the-future-remains-a-year-away/ |title = Ubuntu 13.10 review: The Linux OS of the future remains a year away |website = Ars Technica |first = Ryan |last = Paul |date = 17 October 2013 |accessdate = 2 November 2013 }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Mir-Wayland-Clients-Lands|title=Mir Now Has Initial Support For Wayland Clients|date=18 September 2017|work=Phoronix|accessdate=28 September 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web |url = https://smspillaz.wordpress.com/2013/07/23/xbmc-on-mir/ |title = XBMC on Mir |author = Sam Spilsbury |date = 23 July 2013 |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
18. ^{{cite web |url = http://smspillaz.wordpress.com/2013/02/27/hello-from-xbmc-on-wayland/ |title = "Hello" from XBMC on Wayland |author = Sam Spilsbury |date = 27 February 2013 |accessdate = 13 September 2013 }}
19. ^{{cite web |url = https://plus.google.com/u/0/117745549829232162250/posts/EM2TCVDvhsP |title = Sam Spilsbury is still the man |author = Oliver Ries |publisher = Google+ |date = |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
20. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQyOTQ |title = XMir-Based Xubuntu Images Now Available |publisher = Phoronix.com |date = 6 August 2013 |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
21. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQ0MjU |title = Xfce-Based Xubuntu Will Not Ship XMir For 13.10 |publisher = Phoronix.com |date = |accessdate = 23 August 2013 }}
22. ^{{cite web |url = https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2013-June/037401.html |title = Ubuntu graphic stack roadmap update |publisher = Lists.ubuntu.com |date = 26 June 2013 |accessdate = 17 July 2013 }}
23. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQ3NDQ |title = Ubuntu 13.10 Desktop Will Not Use XMir By Default |publisher = Phoronix.com |date = |accessdate = 4 October 2013 }}
24. ^{{cite web |url = http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2013/10/01/xmir-update-for-ubuntu-13-10/ |title = XMir update for Ubuntu 13.10 |publisher = Fridge.ubuntu.com |date = 30 September 2013 |accessdate = 4 October 2013 }}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_5WArtEFaU|title=Mark Shuttleworth's Q&A|website=Youtube|last1=Shuttleworth|first1=Mark|accessdate=20 May 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|url = https://plus.google.com/+MarkShuttleworthCanonical/posts/7LYubpaHUHH|title = Unity8 |accessdate = 8 April 2017|last = Shuttleworth|first = Mark|work = Google Plus|date = 8 April 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web |url = http://lists.libsdl.org/pipermail/sdl-libsdl.org/2014-March/093652.html |title = Announcing SDL 2.0.2 |first = |last = |date = 8 March 2014 |accessdate = 16 March 2014 }}
28. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/mir-sdl-support |title = Some of Linux’s Most Popular Games Will Run Natively On Mir |first = Joey-Elijah |last = Sneddon |date = 5 February 2014 |accessdate = 19 March 2014 }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=SDL-2.0.4-Released|title=SDL 2.0.4 Was Quietly Released Last Week With Wayland & Mir By Default| publisher= Phoronix}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2015-March/msg00029.html|title=GTK+ 3.16.0 released|first=Matthias|last=Clasen|date=22 Mar 2015|access-date=10 Jun 2015}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://developer.ubuntu.com/|title=Ubuntu SDK |author=Canonical Ltd|date=11 Sep 2015|access-date=11 Sep 2015}}
32. ^1 {{cite web |url = https://www.engadget.com/2013/03/04/canonical-announces-mir/ |title = Canonical announces Mir, a custom display server that will serve up future versions of Unity |publisher = engadget.com |date = 4 March 2013 }}
33. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/551 |title = Unity on Wayland |last = Shuttleworth |first = Mark |authorlink = Mark Shuttleworth |date = 4 November 2010 |work = |publisher = |accessdate = 16 July 2013 }}
34. ^{{cite web |url = http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2013/03/war-is-peace/ |title = War is Peace |last = Grässlin |first = Martin |date = 8 March 2013 |work = |publisher = |accessdate = 16 July 2013 }}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sharpley.org.uk/blog/lightdm-mir-wayland |title=KDE, LightDM and the Mir Kerfuffle |last=Edmundson |first=David |date=12 March 2013 |work= |publisher= |accessdate=16 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518151403/http://www.sharpley.org.uk/blog/lightdm-mir-wayland |archivedate=18 May 2013 |df= }}
36. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTMyNjQ |title = GNOME Will Move Full-Speed With Wayland Support |last = Larabel |first = Michael |authorlink = Michael Larabel |date = 13 March 2013 |work = |publisher = Phoronix |accessdate = 16 July 2013 }}
37. ^{{cite web |url = http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2013/05/mir-in-kubuntu/ |title = Mir in Kubuntu |last = Grässlin |first = Martin |date = 12 May 2013 |work = |publisher = |accessdate = 16 July 2013 }}
38. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTMxNzY |title = Upstream X/Wayland Developers Bash Canonical, Mir |last = Larabel |first = Michael |authorlink = Michael Larabel |date = 4 March 2013 |work = |publisher = Phoronix |accessdate = 16 July 2013 }}
39. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTMxODA |title = A Note To Canonical: "Don't Piss On Wayland" |last = Larabel |first = Michael |authorlink = Michael Larabel |date = 5 March 2013 |publisher = Phoronix |accessdate = 16 July 2013 }}
40. ^{{cite web |url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Mir/Spec#Why_Not_Wayland_.2BAC8_Weston.3F |title = Mir Spec – Why Not Wayland / Weston? |accessdate = 15 March 2014 |last = Canonical Ltd |date = 7 January 2014 }}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Mir-0.18-Released|title=Mir 0.18 Release Brings Prep Work For Vulkan, Libinput By Default |publisher= Phoronix}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://kdubois.net/?p=2032|title=New Mir Release (0.18)|work=Maker Musings}}
43. ^{{cite web |url = http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/25376.html |title = Mir, the Canonical CLA and skewing the playing field |last = Garrett |first = Matthew |date = 19 June 2013 |work = |publisher = Dreamwidth |accessdate = 16 July 2013 }}
44. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTM5MjI |title = Mir’s GPLv3 License Is Now Raising Concerns |publisher = Phoronix |date = 19 June 2013 |accessdate = 23 September 2013 }}
45. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.heise.de/open/artikel/Die-Woche-Canonical-wiederholt-Fehler-1920097.html |title = Die Woche: Canonical wiederholt Fehler | work = heise open |publisher = Heise.de |date = |language = German |accessdate = 23 September 2013 }}
46. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.pro-linux.de/news/1/20222/intel-entfernt-mir-unterstuetzung.html |title = Intel entfernt Mir-Unterstützung |publisher = Pro-Linux.de |date = |language = German |accessdate = 23 September 2013 }}
47. ^{{cite web |url = http://ebb.org/bkuhn/blog/2013/06/23/mjg-canonical.html |title = Matthew Garrett on Mir |author = Bradley M. Kuhn |publisher = Ebb.org |date = 23 June 2013 |accessdate = 23 September 2013 }}
48. ^{{cite web |url = http://ebb.org/bkuhn/blog/2011/07/07/harmony-harmful.html |title = Project Harmony (and "Next Generation Contributor Agreements") Considered Harmful |author = Bradley M. Kuhn |publisher = Ebb.org |date = |accessdate = 23 September 2013 }}
49. ^{{cite web |url = http://sfconservancy.org/news/2010/oct/04/kuhn-executive-director/ |title = Software Freedom Conservancy Appoints Full-Time Executive Director |date = 4 October 2010 }}
50. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/selling-exceptions |title = On Selling Exceptions to the GNU GPL |date = 7 January 2010 |author = Richard Stallman |publisher = Free Software Foundation }}
51. ^{{cite web |url = https://blogs.kde.org/2013/06/26/kubuntu-wont-be-switching-mir-or-xmir |title = Kubuntu Won’t be Switching to Mir or XMir |publisher = KDE |date = |accessdate = 23 September 2013 }}
52. ^{{cite web |url = http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20130701#news |title = Miscellaneous News |last = Bodnar |first = Ladislav |date = 1 July 2013 |work = DistroWatch |accessdate = 7 July 2013 }}
53. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Kubuntu-plans-to-steer-clear-of-Mir-and-switch-to-Wayland-1897942.html |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130629223624/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Kubuntu-plans-to-steer-clear-of-Mir-and-switch-to-Wayland-1897942.html |archivedate = 29 June 2013 |title = Kubuntu plans to steer clear of Mir and switch to Wayland |publisher = H-online.com |date = 27 June 2013 |accessdate = 23 September 2013 }}
54. ^{{cite web |author = Intel |url = http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel/commit/?id=58a7611 |title = xf86-video-intel 2.99.902 snapshot |publisher = Chris Wilson |date = 7 September 2013 |accessdate = 8 September 2013 }}
55. ^{{cite web |author = Michael Larabel |url = https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQ1NjY |title = Intel Reverts Plans, Will Not Support Ubuntu's XMir |publisher = Phoronix |date = 7 September 2013 |accessdate = 8 September 2013 }}
56. ^{{cite web |url = https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/intel-rejection-of-ubuntus-mir-patch-forces-canonical-to-go-own-way/ |title = Intel rejection of Ubuntu’s Mir patch forces Canonical to go own way |website = Ars Technica |first = Jon |last = Brodkin |date = 9 September 2013 |accessdate = 3 November 2013 }}
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